Paraphrasing and Direct Quoting PDF

PARAPHRASING English for Academics and Professional Puposes WHAT IS PARAPHRASING? -act of rewording or restating someone else's ideas or information in your own words, while retaining the original meaning. NOTE: Paraphrased text should be accurate, and clear, and still communicate the essence...

PARAPHRASING English for Academics and Professional Puposes WHAT IS PARAPHRASING? -act of rewording or restating someone else's ideas or information in your own words, while retaining the original meaning. NOTE: Paraphrased text should be accurate, and clear, and still communicate the essence of the original information.  Steps to start Paraphrasing 1.Read and understand the original text. 2.Choose the Paraphrasing Technique. 3.Write your paraphrased version beside the original text. 4.Check the Paraphrased sentence if it has similar thoughts to the original text.  Paraphrasing Techniques 1. Paraphrase by changing words. - Changing a part of speech allows writers to replace words with a new part of speech, such as a noun to a verb or an adjective to an adverb.  Example. ORIGINAL Paraphrased The challenging set of The student-researchers problems proved to be easily overcame even the no match for the problematic challenges in student researchers. their work.  Example. ORIGINAL PARAPHRASED “Find opportunities to Mentors have advised execute the project that the execution of before giving up,” found opportunities mentors have told should be done before mentees time and time giving up. again.  Paraphrasing Techniques 1. Paraphrase by using synonyms. Using synonyms allows writers to use words that are different from the original text with the same or similar meanings in the paraphrased text.  Example. ORIGINAL PARAPHRASED Gayle decided to paint Gayle decided to paint the setting sun as the sunset as fast as she quickly as possible in could in order to display order to capture the the sky’s beautiful colors. sky’s gorgeous tones.  Paraphrasing Techniques 3. Paraphrase by Changing Numbers and Percentage. Instead of using numbers and percentages, they can be represented in other ways and should be accurate and closely related to each other.  Example. ORIGINAL PARAPHRASED Only 20 Less than half of the respondents 50 participants answered the answered the survey. survey.  Example. ORIGINAL PARAPHRASED The experiment took more than The experiment three weeks to was done in less observe and than a month. accomplish.  Paraphrasing Techniques 4. Paraphrase by changing word order. allows writers to change from the active voice to the passive voice or vice versa.  Example. ORIGINAL PARAPHRASED Harry ate six shrimp at dinner. At dinner, six shrimp were eaten Active Voice by Harry. Passive Voice  Example. ORIGINAL PARAPHRASED The researchers The child’s behavior was observed the child’s observed by the behavior for a week researchers for a week before reaching before reaching conclusions. conclusions. Active Voice Passive Voice  Tips for Paraphrasing Do not change technical terms and proper nouns. Cite your sources accordingly when you paraphrase material. The lengths of the two sentences or passages should be the same, more or less. The meaning of the sentences should stay the same. Direct Quoting English for Academics and Professional Puposes  Direct Quoting Matches the source word for word Usually a short part of the text Cited part appears between quotation marks (“ “) Must be attributed to the original source.  Guidelines in Direct Quoting Copy exactly the part of the text that you want to use. Use quotation marks Record the details of the original source (author’s name, date of publication, title, publisher, publication place, URL) Format your quotation properly.  When to Quote? The author’s words already convey a powerful meaning. You think you can no longer word the information any better. When you want to introduce the author’s stand using his or her own words. When How to Quote you want to use a quotation in your writing, always remember to introduce, cite, and explain the quotation you will be using. This technique is called the ICE method (Introduce Cite and Explain).  ICE METHOD Introduce To introduce a quotation in your writing, make sure to mention the author’s full or last name, any significant or necessary background information, and a signal verb. Example  ICE Method Cite Follow the expected format when you are quoting. The copied text should be enclosed in quotation marks, and should follow its original capitalization and punctuation marks. Example  ICE Method Explain Do not forget to explain the quotations that you used. Back up the quote with your own words, explanations, and reasoning. Example Paraphrasing Vs. Direct Quoting English for Academics and Professional Puposes  Paraphra Quoting is used with shorter phrases or sentences. sing and Quoting is recommended when you want to make sure the original idea of the author is introduced as is.  Paraphrasing and Direct Quoting Paraphrasing is effective for longer sentences or a group of sentences. Paraphrasing is suitable for elaborating on the author’s main idea by explaining it in your own words.  Example Original  Example Paraphrase  Example Direct Quotation  Example SUMMARY Thank you.  Essay title: “Sir Arthur and the Fairies” Author: Mary Losure Date published: June 12, 2013 It was Elsie who had painted watercolor fairies, stuck them to hatpins, and arranged them in the foliage in front of Frances. It was Elsie who, using a complicated, old-fashioned camera to take her first-ever photo, managed to capture the strange, haunting image that would go down in history as the first Cottingley Fairy Photograph. PRE- ACTIVITY 1. Read the text below. 2. Turn the text into a direct quotation and another into a paraphrase.  PRE-ACTIVITY Original