Lesson 3: Art Forms in the Philippines (Student Copy) PDF

CONTEMPORA RY PHILIPPINE ARTS FROM THE REGIONS PRELIMINARY LESSONS  LESSON 3: CLASSIFYING VARIOUS ART FORMS FOUND IN THE PHILIPPINES CLASSIFYING VARIOUS ART FORMS IN THE PHILIPPINE ART HISTORY PHILIPPINES 1. PRE-CONQUEST 2. SPANISH COLONIAL TRADITION (1521- 1898) 3. AMERICAN COLONIAL P...

CONTEMPORA RY PHILIPPINE ARTS FROM THE REGIONS PRELIMINARY LESSONS  LESSON 3: CLASSIFYING VARIOUS ART FORMS FOUND IN THE PHILIPPINES CLASSIFYING VARIOUS ART FORMS IN THE PHILIPPINE ART HISTORY PHILIPPINES 1. PRE-CONQUEST 2. SPANISH COLONIAL TRADITION (1521- 1898) 3. AMERICAN COLONIAL PERIOD (1946-1969) 4. JAPANESE OCCUPATION AND POST-WAR PERIOD 5. POST-WAR TO CONTEMPORARY  PRE-CONQUEST Art of our ancient ancestors is interwoven in their everyday life and integrated in communal rituals- from planting to harvesting, to weddings and funeral practices.  PRE-CONQUEST A. Body Ornamentation Tattoos- permanent body ornamentations with designs inspired from nature. Can protect a person from evil spirits as well as a badge of maturity and bravery. It been practiced in Kalinga, Kankanay, Ibaloy and Ifugao. PRE-CONQUEST  PRE-CONQUEST A. Body Ornamentation Jewelry - also adorned the bodies of our ancestors. First as amulets and charms as protection from evil spirits and to bestow power to the wearer, it was later on considered a body ornament. The T’boli are known for wearing intricate body ornamentations such as PRE-CONQUEST  PRE-CONQUEST B. Weaving Textile weaving also started in the precolonial era, and is considered to be one of the most essential living traditions in the Philippines. PRE-CONQUEST  PRE-CONQUEST C. Pottery One of the earliest art form is pottery which combines both form and function. Palayok - main used for cooking Banga - storage for drinking water Tapayan - used for fermentation Asinan - used for storing salt  PRE-CONQUEST D. Carving In studying pre-colonial sculptures, there are two important traditions of indigenous group to remember; in the north is CORDILLERA and in the south is the MARANAO-TAUSUG. PRE-CONQUEST  PRE-CONQUEST E. Performing Arts Ritual activities to mark certain milestones or daily life events of Filipinos are performed by mimetic actions. PRE-CONQUEST  PRE-CONQUEST F. Musical Instruments It can be classified into four categories a. Ideophones- produce sounds by vibrating the instruments by itself. b. Aerophones- blown instruments c. Chordophones- produce sounds by vibrating its strings. d. Membranophones- produce sounds by vibrating its head usually made from animal skin. SPANISH COLONIAL TRADITION (1521- 1898) materials for Art served as instructional propagating the Catholic faith during the Spanish Colonial period. Friars supervise the practice of art, and artists usually have to copy Western models. Church usually built with imposing scale. Several art form also emerged during this time such as the taka, parol and palaspas. SPANISH COLONIAL TRADITION (1521- 1898) Printing was also introduced in the Philippines in the 16 century with th the first printed book, Doctrina Christiana using woodcut technique. Doctrina Christiana, 1953 SPANISH COLONIAL TRADITION (1521- The first scientific 1898)map of the Philippines called “Carta Hydrographica y Chorographica de las Yslas Filipinas” was also produced. “Aquatic and Regional Map of the Philippine Islands” Pedro Murillo Velarde map of the Philippines 1734 SPANISH COLONIAL TRADITION (1521- Catholic liturgical 1898)music was introduced in 1972. Western secular music such as habanera, dansa, polka and marcha were introduced to the Philippines. These influenced the development of balitaw and kundiman. SPANISH COLONIAL TRADITION (1521- Kundiman is a1898) sentimental and melancholic love song. Pasyon and pabasa emerged outside Manila. Pabasa is chanting of the Christ’s passion in an improvised melody. Senakulo is being performed during Lenten season. KUNDIMAN PASYON AND PABASA SENAKULO  AMERICAN COLONIAL PERIOD (1946- 1969) The American Colonial government was founded in the Philippines following the end of Spanish-American war upon the signing of the Treaty of Paris in 1898. American conquered the Philippines through education, and a new system of governance. In 1909, UP School of Fine Arts opened and integrated commercial arts in the  AMERICAN COLONIAL PERIOD (1946- The Americans established 1969) the University of the Philippines in 1908. The School of Fine Arts was established in 1909 with Fabian dela Rosa as its first Dean. Fernando Amorsolo, being a faculty member and subsequently as the Dean of the U.P. School of Fine Arts from 1952 to 1955.  AMERICAN COLONIAL PERIOD (1946- The Americans 1969) became new patrons of the art. Landscape, genre and still life were popular among the new patrons. Landscape painting especially ones that feature exotic Philippine sceneries, were popular travel souvenirs. Portrait of an old Lady, 1941 Mango pickers, 1936  JAPANESE OCCUPATION AND POST-WAR PERIOD Print materials such as posters, leaflets, and comics that conveyed Japanese propaganda were distributed to the public. Propagandas suggested the Philippines and Japan cooperation, rejection of Western influences etc. were circulated. The Japanese formed the so-called Greater Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere. POST-WAR TO CONTEMPORARY During the Martial Law, the concept of Bagong Lipunan of President Ferdinand Marcos gave rise to a modern arts and culture program.  POST-WAR TO CONTEMPORARY The pursuit for change and rebirth of a new society was expressed in songs, such as in Bagong Pagsilang by Levi Celerio and Felipe Padilla de Leon.  POST-WAR TO CONTEMPORARY In the 60’s and 70’s artists started experimenting with new techniques, art forms, and concepts. Social Realism or “SR” is a form of protest art that emerged as a response to the sociopolitical issues during the years between 70’s and 80’s. PATAY GUTOM BY NEIL DOLORICON Thank You!