Philippine Art During Colonial Periods PDF

CONTEMPORARY PHILIPPINE ARTS FROM THE REGIONS Pinaripad Norte, Aglipay, Quirino [email protected] 09271401138 www.facebook.com/Pinaripad-National-High-School  CONTEMPORARY PHILIPPINE ARTS FROM...

CONTEMPORARY PHILIPPINE ARTS FROM THE REGIONS Pinaripad Norte, Aglipay, Quirino [email protected] 09271401138 www.facebook.com/Pinaripad-National-High-School  CONTEMPORARY PHILIPPINE ARTS FROM THE REGIONS Identify the periods in the history of the Philippines which greatly influenced Philippine Art and Culture; Understand how history impacts a nation’s life and culture; Analyze the art works and contributions of early Filipinos to Philippine culture and society; and Assess Filipino artistry as they have unfolded in history. Pinaripad Norte, Aglipay, Quirino [email protected] 09271401138 www.facebook.com/Pinaripad-National-High-School  CONTEMPORARY PHILIPPINE ARTS FROM THE REGIONS Pre-Colonial Hispanic Philippines American Japanese Occupation (Before 1521) (1521-1898) (1898-1939) (1940-1945) Pinaripad Norte, Aglipay, Quirino [email protected] 09271401138 www.facebook.com/Pinaripad-National-High-School  CONTEMPORARY PHILIPPINE ARTS FROM THE REGIONS  These are reflections by which the natives of these islands have expressed their culture and civilization. Pinaripad Norte, Aglipay, Quirino [email protected] 09271401138 www.facebook.com/Pinaripad-National-High-School  CONTEMPORARY PHILIPPINE ARTS FROM THE REGIONS  Our pre-colonial, ethnic literature is a rich repository of ideals and cultural practices evident in folk speeches, folk songs, folk narratives and indigenous rituals as well as dances that show our ties with our Southeast Asian neighbors. Pinaripad Norte, Aglipay, Quirino [email protected] 09271401138 www.facebook.com/Pinaripad-National-High-School  CONTEMPORARY PHILIPPINE ARTS FROM THE REGIONS FOLK SPEECHES PROVERBS OR APHORISMS FOLK SONGS FOLK NARRATIVES Pinaripad Norte, Aglipay, Quirino [email protected] 09271401138 www.facebook.com/Pinaripad-National-High-School  CONTEMPORARY PHILIPPINE ARTS FROM THE REGIONS FOLK SPEECHES  These are the riddles which has the talinghaga or metaphor as described in two different objects and therefore test the keen analytical ability of the listener as the tigmo in Cebuano, bugtong in Tagalog, paktakon in Ilongo and patototdon in Bicol. Pinaripad Norte, Aglipay, Quirino [email protected] 09271401138 www.facebook.com/Pinaripad-National-High-School  CONTEMPORARY PHILIPPINE ARTS FROM THE REGIONS PROVERBS OR APHORISMS  These encapsulate the rules of conduct and community beliefs which instill values though short verses with rhyme that is full of wisdom. Such is the tanaga, which has insights and lessons on life according to life experiences. From Panay are basahanon and daragilon and daraida from Bukidnon.  CONTEMPORARY PHILIPPINE ARTS FROM THE REGIONS FOLK SONGS  This is a folk lyric expressing the relationships, lessons about aspirations of people in the community.  Often they are repetitive, sonorous, didactic as well as naive. Pinaripad Norte, Aglipay, Quirino [email protected] 09271401138 www.facebook.com/Pinaripad-National-High-School  CONTEMPORARY PHILIPPINE ARTS FROM THE REGIONS FOLK SONGS  Most exemplified are childrens’ songs from Maguindanao known as the Ida-ida, tulang pambata from Tagalog region and cansiones para abbing from among the Ibanag, the lullabies or Ili-ili from Ilo-ilo; harana or serenade from Cebu and the ambahan among Mangyans.  CONTEMPORARY PHILIPPINE ARTS FROM THE REGIONS FOLK SONGS  They also include work songs depicting livelihood such as the kalusan from the Ivatan, the soliranin which is a Tagalog rowing song or the Kalinga rice-pounding song known as mambayu. Pinaripad Norte, Aglipay, Quirino [email protected] 09271401138 www.facebook.com/Pinaripad-National-High-School  CONTEMPORARY PHILIPPINE ARTS FROM THE REGIONS FOLK NARRATIVES  These are the epics and folk tales such as legends which explains origin of the world, places, animals and other creations.  Fables are narratives about the origin of animals relating lessons or morals. Pinaripad Norte, Aglipay, Quirino [email protected] 09271401138 www.facebook.com/Pinaripad-National-High-School  CONTEMPORARY PHILIPPINE ARTS FROM THE REGIONS FOLK NARRATIVES  Epics on the other hand include the Darangen from Maranao, Hudhud from Ifugao; and Ulahingan from Manobo.  These epics narrates about heroic deeds and unusual events while embodying the beliefs, customs, norms and ideals in a certain community. Pinaripad Norte, Aglipay, Quirino [email protected] 09271401138 www.facebook.com/Pinaripad-National-High-School  CONTEMPORARY PHILIPPINE ARTS FROM THE REGIONS FOLK NARRATIVES  Most prominent among the epics are the Bi-ag ni Lam-ang from the Ilocanos; Darangen from the Maranao; Hinilawod from the Sulod; Kudaman from Palawan and the Tudbulol from the T’boli. Pinaripad Norte, Aglipay, Quirino [email protected] 09271401138 www.facebook.com/Pinaripad-National-High-School  CONTEMPORARY PHILIPPINE ARTS FROM THE REGIONS POTTERY JEWELRY MAKING WEAVING DANCES SCULPTURE Pinaripad Norte, Aglipay, Quirino [email protected] 09271401138 www.facebook.com/Pinaripad-National-High-School  CONTEMPORARY PHILIPPINE ARTS FROM THE REGIONS POTTERY The ThisManunggul is one of the Jarmost ancient which wasarts during thein excavated pre-colonial Palawan Philippines. during the 8th century BC and reflects a high degree of artistry. Pinaripad Norte, Aglipay, Quirino [email protected] 09271401138 www.facebook.com/Pinaripad-National-High-School  CONTEMPORARY PHILIPPINE ARTS FROM THE REGIONS WEAVING  Similar tradition Cordillera is evident of the North in the Ilocos provinces produces textiles andand even in Mindanao blankets withamong a backthe T’boli of Cotabato strap loom through for daily weaving of abaca cloth needs as the as well as‘tnalak’ for doneinthrough use the process their rituals and of Pinaripad Norte, Aglipay, Quirino [email protected] tie-dye. rites. religious 09271401138 www.facebook.com/Pinaripad-National-High-School  CONTEMPORARY PHILIPPINE ARTS FROM THE REGIONS SCULPTURE  Carving in the Cordilleras focus on the Anito figures called the bulul, which they believe has their ancestral Pinaripad Norte, Aglipay, Quirino [email protected] spirits and gods. 09271401138 www.facebook.com/Pinaripad-National-High-School  CONTEMPORARY PHILIPPINE ARTS FROM THE REGIONS SCULPTURE  In the south, the Maranao and Tausug have their okir which are ornate curvilinear designs carved in woods such as sarimanok which is a bird painted in multi-color and the pako rabong which is a fern with a broad base.  CONTEMPORARY PHILIPPINE ARTS FROM THE REGIONS JEWELRY MAKING  Communities from the Cordillera have the ling-ling-o which signifies fertility.  The T’boli wear the most splendid ornaments made of brass such as multicolored beads for neckpieces, earrings, bracelets and anklets.  CONTEMPORARY PHILIPPINE ARTS FROM THE REGIONS DANCES  These are performed during special occasions such as birth, baptism, circumcision, puberty rites, courtship, weddings, during illness and death. Pinaripad Norte, Aglipay, Quirino [email protected] 09271401138 www.facebook.com/Pinaripad-National-High-School  CONTEMPORARY PHILIPPINE ARTS FROM THE REGIONS DANCES  Tribal activities also require such art and include hunting, fishing, rice planting, harvest time and engagement in tribal wars. Pinaripad Norte, Aglipay, Quirino [email protected] 09271401138 www.facebook.com/Pinaripad-National-High-School  CONTEMPORARY PHILIPPINE ARTS FROM THE REGIONS DANCES  During these rituals a mandadawak, bayok, catalonan or babaylan enters a trance while the shaman offers sacrifices.  Among the Tagbanua of Palawan ritual is performed by dancing and shaking both hands with the ugsang or palm leaves.  CONTEMPORARY PHILIPPINE ARTS FROM THE REGIONS DANCES  Similar to this are the tribal dances of the Aetas of Zambales which are considered proto-dramas and are playful imitations of animal movement such as the monkey or fish.  CONTEMPORARY PHILIPPINE ARTS FROM THE REGIONS DANCES  In Mandanao, the hawk dances performed by the Higaonon as well as the monkey and butterfly dances of the Tausug and Samal in Sulu. Pinaripad Norte, Aglipay, Quirino [email protected] 09271401138 www.facebook.com/Pinaripad-National-High-School  CONTEMPORARY PHILIPPINE ARTS FROM THE REGIONS  The coming of the Spaniards marked the beginning of cultural transformation through the use of the ‘Sword and the Cross’.  But the most fleeting strategy was the utilization of Christianity to maintain the submission of the natives for more than 300 years to the Spanish crown.  CONTEMPORARY PHILIPPINE ARTS FROM THE REGIONS POETRY  Lyrics or Narrative  Landinos or interpreters translate Spanish verses into Tagalog and were used in Catechisms. Examples:  Dalit  Pasyon  Awit and Korido  CONTEMPORARY PHILIPPINE ARTS FROM THE REGIONS PROSE  Religious narrative prose consists of those written to prescribe proper behavior.  They were channels for instruction in the Catholic faith and for colonization of the students in all Catholic schools. Examples:  Manual de Urbanidad (Conduct Book)  Pagsusulat ng Dalawang Binibini (Urbana at Feliza)  CONTEMPORARY PHILIPPINE ARTS FROM THE REGIONS SCULPTURE AND ARCHITECTURE  These art forms were manifested through the building of churches in every town and plaza all over the archipelago.  It exhibited the combination of indigenous design and European classical or baroque.  This was evident in the stone carvings on the facade of the Miag-ao Church in Ilo-ilo.  CONTEMPORARY PHILIPPINE ARTS FROM THE REGIONS SCULPTURE AND ARCHITECTURE  Silver ornaments found in the altars as well as for the Carrozas or floats which carried the images of Santos in procession.  Santos or holy statues are carved and crafted following European aesthetic canons and church supervision.  CONTEMPORARY PHILIPPINE ARTS FROM THE REGIONS SCULPTURE AND ARCHITECTURE  The grandest achievements in this manner are the retablos or altar pieces which are the centerpiece of the churches.  Similar to this is the one found at the San Agustin Church in Intramuros carved in 1617 by Juan de los Santos from San Pablo, Laguna.  CONTEMPORARY PHILIPPINE ARTS FROM THE REGIONS PAINTING  The focus of painting during Spanish rule were the religious icons, saints and religious scenes were evident in the stone walls and ceilings of the churches, monastries, schools, chapels, ‘conventos’ or Firar residences.  CONTEMPORARY PHILIPPINE ARTS FROM THE REGIONS  The coming of the Americans marked profound changes in Philippine arts a the introduction of public education brought forth literacy and the further Westernization of the Filipinos.  CONTEMPORARY PHILIPPINE ARTS FROM THE REGIONS  The development of the free verse, modern short story and the critical essay which were written in English.  It’s influence was greatly carried out through the educational system which imposed English as the medium of instruction.  Jose Garcia Villa, a National Artist posited his idea, “art for art’s sake” which inspired other Filipino writers to use the vernacular or native languages published in the Liwayway and Bisaya, Hiligayon and Bannawag.  CONTEMPORARY PHILIPPINE ARTS FROM THE REGIONS  This became a hallmark of modern poetry through the writing of ‘Like the Molave’ by Rafael Zulueta da Costain, 1940 which topped all other entries in the Commonwealth Literary Contest.  CONTEMPORARY PHILIPPINE ARTS FROM THE REGIONS  These were written in English and have proliferated as literature was infused with American pop culture.  Realist tradition was promoted by Lope K. Santos through the Banaag at Sikat in 1906, Francisco Laksamana’s Anino ng Kahapon, 1906 and Ilaw sa Hilaga in 1946.  CONTEMPORARY PHILIPPINE ARTS FROM THE REGIONS  Essays as an offshoot flourished which were formal, informal and even humorous as promoted by the likes of Carlos P. Romulo, Jorge Bocobo, etc.  These essays embarked on the social, political and economic realities of those times.  CONTEMPORARY PHILIPPINE ARTS FROM THE REGIONS THEATER  The American Colonial traditions highly influenced Philippine theater as seen in the ‘Bodabil’ which was introduced in the 1920s from the U.S. Vaudeville is a comedy skit with songs and dances showcasing anything that is popular in America.  CONTEMPORARY PHILIPPINE ARTS FROM THE REGIONS VISUAL ARTS  In the visual arts illustrations and cartoons for the American-controlled textbooks and publications became a necessity for the distribution in the public schools.  Advertising and commercial designs, and landscapes became in demand.  CONTEMPORARY PHILIPPINE ARTS FROM THE REGIONS SCULPTURE  In this art form, Guillermo Tolentino who earned his education from Rome and his student Napoleon Abueva became significantly prominent.  His personal preference is wood, mainly narra and molave.  They also worked with various types of metal – brass, bronze, and aluminum.  CONTEMPORARY PHILIPPINE ARTS FROM THE REGIONS PAINTING  Modernism was introduced by Amorsolo and Edades in this form of art, the first Filipino painters who have captures bright sparkling colors and the bursting sunlight in their artworks.  Most paintings depict rural life of working men and women, either farming or fishing.  CONTEMPORARY PHILIPPINE ARTS FROM THE REGIONS  The coming of the Japanese in 1941 to 1945 curtailed the further proliferation of the English language as it was prohibited by the government.  CONTEMPORARY PHILIPPINE ARTS FROM THE REGIONS  In poetry, the usual theme was about love of country, rural life, religion and arts.  Haiku which a poem of free-verse  Tanaga that is short but with rhyme and measure  CONTEMPORARY PHILIPPINE ARTS FROM THE REGIONS  This literary form became progressive during the Japanese Occupation.  Narciso Reyes’ Lupang Tinubuan; Liwayway Arceo’s Uhaw at Tigang na Lupa and NVM Gonzales’ Lunsod, Nayon at Dagat- Dagatan.  CONTEMPORARY PHILIPPINE ARTS FROM THE REGIONS  Some journalists, however, who were known for their writings in English are Leon Ma.Guerrero, Raul Manglapuz and Carlos Bulosan.  CONTEMPORARY PHILIPPINE ARTS FROM THE REGIONS  The most prominent writers include as well Rafael Zulueta da Costa who wrote “Like the Molave”; Juan Laya on “His Native Soil” and President Manuel L. Quezon’s autobiography “The Good Fight.”  CONTEMPORARY PHILIPPINE ARTS FROM THE REGIONS THE DRAMA  This experienced setbacks as most movie houses showing American films became venues for stage shows.  It was during this time that the ‘Dramatic Philippines was established by Francisco Soc Rodrigo, Alberto Concio, and Narciso Pimentel.  Some playwriters include Jose Ma. Hernandez and Julian Cruz Balmaceda.  CONTEMPORARY PHILIPPINE ARTS FROM THE REGIONS MUSIC  Japanese music was imposed and heard in radio broadcasts.  These were also taught in public schools despite inattention of the Filipino students.  CONTEMPORARY PHILIPPINE ARTS FROM THE REGIONS PAINTINGS  These art forms were used to produce materials for propaganda.  Leaflets, flyers and posters which were graphically designed to carrying propaganda slogans sending messages pushing for cooperation between Japanese and Japan; the imposition of Nihonggo and warding off American influences.  CONTEMPORARY PHILIPPINE ARTS FROM THE REGIONS PAINTINGS  Botong’s Art was depicted through fluid lines and brilliant colors such as the ‘First Mass at Limasawa’ while Ocampo’s ‘Flagellants’ which fused the figures of penitence and Lent with images of the war.  CONTEMPORARY PHILIPPINE ARTS FROM THE REGIONS PAINTINGS  Vicente Alvarez Dizon’s A Day Begins while some brought out national identity such as that of Emilio G. Santiago’s Christmas Eve that brings about Nostalgia about peace and others depicting the atrocities of war through Demetrio Diego’s Capas.  CONTEMPORARY PHILIPPINE ARTS FROM THE REGIONS DIRECTION: Explain the impact of the following colonizers to our culture. 1. Spanish Colonizers 2. American Colonizers 3. Japanese Colonizers  CONTEMPORARY PHILIPPINE ARTS FROM THE REGIONS DIRECTION: Read and follow the direction well. Step 1. Research on any visual art work during the Japanese Colonization of the Philippines; Step 2. Write an essay about how that particular art work reflect the condition of the people during that time; Step 3. Present and discuss in the class.  CONTEMPORARY PHILIPPINE ARTS FROM THE REGIONS DIRECTION: Follow the steps to determine the changes that arts have undergone during the course of Philippine History.. Step 1. Choose a specific art work during the pre- colonial Philippines. Step 2. Choose a similar art work from the present. Step 3. Discuss with your row mates the changes in Filipino art.