Lesson #2 - Freud for Thought PDF

PSYCHOLOGY Lesson #2 Freud for Thought  Learning Goals I will be able to explain key contributions in psychodynamic theory. I will be able to explain the key ideas of some psychodynamic theories. I will be able to demonstrate and recognize psychodynamic theories in human behavior...

PSYCHOLOGY Lesson #2 Freud for Thought  Learning Goals I will be able to explain key contributions in psychodynamic theory. I will be able to explain the key ideas of some psychodynamic theories. I will be able to demonstrate and recognize psychodynamic theories in human behavior. Curriculum expectations C1 & C2 Main Schools of Thought in Psychology Functionalis Structuralism Behaviourism m Gestalt Humanistic Psychoanalys psychology psychology is PSYCHODYNAMIC THEORY SIGMUND FREUD SCHOOL OF THOUGHT: PSYCHOANALYSIS Free association Are any of these terms' familiar to you? Psychoanalysis If so, which ones? Unconscious Preconscious Id Terminolog Ego Superego y Psychosexual stages Oedipus Complex Identification and fixation  Free ◦ Helps to explore the unconscious by allowing individuals to share whatever comes to mind. Association No censorship or filtering. Psychoanalys ◦ Explores the interaction between the conscious and the unconscious mind. The is goal is to help resolve unconscious conflicts. Unconsciou ◦ Part of the mind that contains thoughts, memories and desires that are not w/in our s conscious awareness.  ◦ A layer between the conscious and the Preconsciou unconscious mind. It acts as a filter, allowing certain thoughts to become conscious while s keeping others out.  ◦ The primitive component of personality Id (instinctual) ◦ Seeks immediate gratification  ◦ Seeks to satisfy the id in socially acceptable Ego ways. Responsible for decision making and problem solving.  ◦ Moral compass- stives for perfection and Superego judges our actions. Leads to feelings of pride or guilt.  ◦ Stages children pass through as they Psychosexu develop. Each stage is characterized by the al Stages focus on libido (sexual energy) Oedipus ◦ A child’s feelings of desire for the opposite parent and the jealousy and rivalry toward Complex the same sex parent. Identificatio ◦ Identification- assimilating certain aspects of another person into their own personality n and ◦ Fixation: obsessive fixation on a particular Fixation stage of psychosexual development.  Sigmund Freud (1856-1939) The founder of psychoanalytic theory He believed our early childhood experiences, usually involving our relationships with our parents and family, are stored in our unconscious mind, particularly anything that is unresolved While we are normally unaware of these memories, they can have a powerful influence over how we function Schools of Psychology ◦ Psychoanalytic Theory– Sigmund Freud ◦ The mind is divided into two parts: conscious and the unconscious ◦ We are aware of our conscious mind, but unaware of its unconscious part ◦ Our unconscious mind influences our personality and behaviour greatly 3 Techniques to Discover the Unconscious Technique Definition Free association Clients talked about any thoughts or images that enter their head; the assumption is that this kind of free-flowing uncensored talking will provide clues to unconscious material. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=juEeUg0groU&ab_channe l=Dr.SeanSullivan Dream Based on the assumption that dreams contain underlying, interpretation hidden meanings and symbols that provide clues to unconscious thoughts and desires. Freud distinguished between the dreams obvious story or plot, called manifest content, and the dream’s hidden or disguised meanings or symbols, called latent content. Slips of the tongue Freudian Slips: are mistakes or slips of the tongue that we make in everyday speech; such mistakes which are often embarrassing, are thought to reflect unconscious thoughts or wishes. MYTH OR FACT? I NEVER DREAM! Dreams ◦ Dream myth: “I never dream” – Yes you do! Every night, in fact. When people say this what they mean to say is “I don’t remember my dreams” Myth Buster: Science has evidence to support that we all enter REM sleep, and that dreams occurs in REM sleep, all data points to us dreaming consistently. Some of us, however, remember more than others. https://www.psychologytoday.com/blog/drea m-catcher/201204/people-who-do-not-drea m Freud and Dreams ◦ Freud believed that dreams expressed unconscious desires and acted as part of wish-fulfillment ◦ Any ungratified needs were expressed through dreams as wish fulfillment ◦ He often analyzed dreams to reveal what a patient’s real issues were ◦ He also identified lucid dreams where the patient is aware of the fact that he or she is dreaming DISCUSSION: What DREAMS repeated dreams have you had in your life?  1. Chased/pursued 2. Sexual experiences 3. Falling 4. School, teachers, studying Common 5. Arriving too late 6. On the verge of falling Dreams 7. A person alive is now dead 8. Trying again and again 9. Flying 10. Physically attacked 11. Frozen with Fright Crash Course on Freud Id, Ego & Superego ID EGO SUPEREGO Meeting Basic Needs Dealing With Reality Adding Morals The id is the most basic The ego deals with reality, The superego develops part of the personality. It trying to meet the desires last, and is based on also represents our most of the id in a way that is morals and judgments animalistic urges, like the socially about right and desire for food and sex. acceptable in the world. wrong. Even though the The id seeks instant This may mean delaying superego and the ego may gratification for our wants gratification and helping to reach the same decision and needs. If these needs get rid of the tension the id about something, the or wants are not met, a feels if a desire is not met superego's reason for that person can become tense, right away. The ego decision is based more on anxious,or angry. recognizes that other moral values, while the people have needs and ego's decision is based wants too, and being more on what others will selfish isn't good in the think or what the long run. consequences of an action could be on the individual. Scenarios ◦ Sally was thirsty. Rather than waiting for the server to refill her glass of water, she reached across the table and drank from Mr. Smith's water glass, much to his surprise. ◦ A hungry baby cried until he was fed. ◦ A toddler who wanted another helping of dessert whined incessantly until she was given another serving. ◦ In line at the salad bar, Amy was so hungry that she shoved a handful of croutons in her mouth as she waited for the line to move. ◦ Bart was stuck in traffic. He just wanted his vehicle to move! Enraged at the situation, Bart pulled his car onto the shoulder and sped forward, not caring that he was clipping people's side mirrors as he tried to get ahead of the cars in front of him. ◦ Sally was thirsty. However, she knew that her server would be back soon to refill her water glass, so she waited until then to get a drink, even though she just wanted to drink from Mr. Smith's glass.  Scenarios ◦ In line at the salad bar, Amy really wanted to shove a handful of croutons into her mouth. However, since her boss was there, she decided to wait another minute or two until she sat down to eat. ◦ Mary really wanted to borrow her mom's necklace but knew her mom would be angry if she took it without asking, so she asked her mom if she could wear it. ◦ Hillary was so sweaty after her workout that she wanted to change her clothes right there by the car. However, she knew the other people around her would not approve, so she waited until she was in the restroom to change. ◦ Tim really wanted to slug Mark for what he had just said. However, Tim knew if he hit Mark, he would be kicked off the baseball team, and since he loved baseball, he unclenched his fists and walked away. ◦ Sarah knew she could steal the supplies from work, and no one would know about it. However, she knew that stealing was wrong, so she decided not to take anything even though she would probably never get caught. ◦ The cashier only charged the couple for one meal even though they had eaten two. They could have gotten away with only paying for one, but they pointed out the cashier's mistake and offered to pay for both meals. They wanted to be honest, and they knew that the restaurant owner and employees needed to make a living. Disagreements? Freud believed that often there is little to no disagreement between the goals of the id and superego. However, when disagreement occurs Freud theorized that the ego works to find compromise between the goals of the id and superego. This compromise is found by the ego using what Freud described as mental processes or defense mechanisms. Defense Mechanisms Defense mechanisms are Freudian processes that operate at unconscious levels and that use self-deception or untrue explanations to protect the ego from being overwhelmed by anxiety. Anxiety: an uncomfortable feeling that results from inner conflicts between the primitive desires of the id and moral goals of the superego. ACTIVITY With a partner or on your own, complete the defense mechanisms worksheet.  Analysis of his patients’ histories convinced Freud that personality forms during life’s first few years. 5 Repeatedly, his patients' symptoms seemed rooted in unresolved conflicts Psychosexual from early childhood. Stages He concluded that children pass through a series of psychosexual stages, during which the id’s pleasure-seeking energies focus on distinct pleasure- sensitive areas of the body called erogenous zones.  5 Psychosexual Stages Stage Description Oral (0-18 months) Pleasure centers on the mouth--sucking, biting, chewing Anal (18-36 months) Pleasure focuses on bowel and bladder elimination; coping with demands for control Phallic (3-6 years) Pleasure zone is the genitals; coping with incestuous sexual feelings Latency (6 years- Dormant sexual feelings puberty) Genital (puberty- Maturation of sexual interests onward) Freud’s Followers and Critics Karen Horney: never a follower of Freud strongly objected to his view that women were dependent, vain, and submissive because of biological forces and childhood sexual experiences. She especially took issue with Freud’s idea that penis envy affected girls’ development. Horney insisted that the major influence on personality development can be found in child-parent social interaction. Freud’s Followers and Critics Alfred Adler: like Jung was originally a friend and follower of Freud’s but he disagreed with his theory that humans are governed by biological and sexual urges. Adler believed that the main factors influencing a child’s development were sibling influences and child-rearing practices. Adler proposed that humans are motivated by social urges and that each person is a social being with a unique personality. In contrast to Freud’s emphasis on unconscious forces that influence our behaviors, Adler suggested that we are aware of our motives and goals and have the capacity to guide and plan our futures. Freud’s Followers and Critics Carl Jung: Jung originally a close friend and follower of Freud disagreed with Freud's emphasis on the sex drive. Jung believed the collective unconscious-and not sex-to be the basic force in the development of personality. The collective unconscious, according to Jung, consists of ancient memory traces and symbols that are passed on by birth and are shared by all peoples in all cultures. Click on the link to read more about Sigmund Freud including; More about Sigmund Biography Freud Sigmund Freud: Theory & Theories and Contributions Contribution to Psycholo gy (simplypsychology.org ) Sigmund Freuds patients Freud’s Followers Critical Evaluation  In groups of 3 ◦ Create a drama skit that illustrates the Collaborativ ideas of the id, ego and superego ◦ Skit will be performed for the class e Activity ◦ The class will try to guess which character represents which idea (id, ego, and superego)