Psychology Test
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Questions and Answers

Which branch of psychology focuses on treating individuals with mental illnesses?

  • Sports Psychology
  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Clinical Psychology (correct)
  • Forensic Psychology

    • Psychologists focus on the study of groups and societal behaviors.

    False

    Match the following branches of psychology with their primary focus:

    Forensic Psychology = Legal issues and criminal behavior Sports Psychology = Performance enhancement in sports Counseling Psychology = Guiding individuals through personal issues Developmental Psychology = Human growth and changes over time

    As a manager, you must interview high school students for a job opening using questions given to you by the head office. Which goal of psychology does this represent?

    <p>Predict</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Researchers identify a gene that predisposes individuals to obesity. Which goal of psychology does this represent?

    <p>Predict</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Developmental psychology studies human development from conception to death.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of cognitive psychology?

    <p>Mental processes such as perception, language, and memory.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following scenarios is an example of the goal of 'control' in psychology?

    <p>A daycare worker has developed a teaching program that increases each child's self-esteem.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following scenarios is an example of the goal of 'describe' in psychology?

    <p>Surveys show that young women who graduate from college earn as much money per year as men who graduate from high school.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a branch of psychology?

    <p>Financial Psychology</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Freud, what does the term 'unconscious' refer to in psychology?

    <p>The part of the mind that contains thoughts, memories, and desires that we are not aware of.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Freud, what is the primary function of the 'ego' ?

    <p>The ego is responsible for mediating between the desires of the 'id' and the moral constraints of the 'superego'.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'archetype' refer to in Jungian psychology?

    <p>A pattern of behavior.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The personal unconscious contains only repressed memories and does not influence behavior.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the three main systems that make up Carl Jung's psyche?

    <p>Ego, personal unconscious, collective unconscious</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following terms with their definitions related to Jung's theory:

    <p>Ego = Represents the conscious mind. Archetype = Pattern of behavior. Personal unconscious = Contains repressed memories. Collective unconscious = Inherited knowledge across generations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the focus of behaviorists?

    <p>They believe behavior is influenced by environmental stimuli.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Behaviorism emphasizes the importance of observable behaviors over subjective phenomena.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of operant conditioning in behaviorism?

    <p>Operant conditioning involves reinforcing or punishing behaviors to influence their occurrence.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following behavioral concepts with their definitions:

    <p>Stimulus = An event or object that elicits a response Positive Reinforcement = Adding a desirable stimulus to increase a behavior Negative Reinforcement = Removing an aversive stimulus to increase a behavior Extinction = The gradual reduction of a learned response</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary requirement for moving to higher levels of Maslow's hierarchy of needs?

    <p>Fulfillment of physiological needs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Self-actualized individuals report fewer peak experiences compared to those with unmet deficiency needs.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for Carl Rogers' idea of total acceptance toward another person?

    <p>unconditional positive regard</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs consists of five tiers, with __________ needs at the bottom.

    <p>biological</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the characteristics of self-actualized individuals with their descriptions:

    <p>Perceive reality accurately = Have an accurate understanding of the world Independent and autonomous = Function without relying on others Deep relationships with few = Prefer meaningful interactions over many superficial ones Focus on accomplishing goals = Concentrate on achieving their personal objectives</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of Albert Bandura's Social-cognitive Theory?

    <p>The relationship between behavior and learned experiences</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Elizabeth Loftus found that memories can be easily manipulated, leading to the formation of false memories.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the main observation from Bandura's Bobo Doll Experiment?

    <p>Children imitated aggressive behaviors after watching an adult act aggressively.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Cognitive psychology studies the processes of the brain involved in __________.

    <p>learning</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the psychologist with their primary area of study:

    <p>Albert Bandura = Social-cognitive Theory Elizabeth Loftus = Memory and false memories Bobo Doll Experiment = Learning through imitation Cognitive Psychology = Mental processes of the brain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a guideline for conducting ethical research according to the American Psychological Association?

    <p>Maximize deception to ensure accurate results</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Participants in a psychological study must be informed about what risks their participation may involve.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of debriefing participants at the end of a research study?

    <p>To reveal the true aims of the study and any deception used.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the ethical principles with their definitions:

    <p>Informed Consent = Participants must be aware of what the study involves Confidentiality = Data must be kept private and anonymous Debriefing = Participants are informed of the study’s true purpose after completion Right to Withdraw = Participants can leave the study at any time</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the frontal lobe?

    <p>It organizes responses to complex problems and houses working memory.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The __________ is the largest brain structure in humans and accounts for about two-thirds of the brain's mass.

    <p>Cerebrum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the brain structures with their primary functions:

    <p>Amygdala = Emotional reactions such as anger and fear Cerebellum = Skilled and coordinated movement Brain Stem = Basic survival functions Cerebrum = Consciousness and reasoning</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Introverts are generally described as outgoing and energetic.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the four functional types of personality created by Carl Jung?

    <p>Thinking, Feeling, Sensation, Intuition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the Big Five trait dimensions with their descriptions:

    <p>Openness = Imaginative/independent vs. Practical/conforming Extroversion = Outgoing/energetic vs. Shy/reserved Neuroticism = Anxious/insecure vs. Calm/secure Agreeableness = Friendly/helpful vs. Cold/unkind</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term describes the random errors in gene replication that may result in changes to an individual’s genetic code?

    <p>Mutation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Identical twins are also known as dizygotic twins.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The genetic material that makes up chromosomes is called _____ and contains the genetic information.

    <p>DNA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following concepts with their definitions:

    <p>Heritability = The degree to which traits are inherited Genes = Biochemical units of heredity Environment = All nongenetic influences affecting behavior Predisposition = The possibility of something happening through genetic code</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Lombroso believed that physical features such as long arms and large teeth could predict criminal behavior.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the three body shapes identified by William Sheldon?

    <p>Endomorphic, Ectomorphic, Mesomorphic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to William Sheldon, body types can be linked to personality traits. Match the body type to the corresponding personality trait:

    <p>Endomorphic = Sociable and relaxed Ectomorphic = Introverted and restrained Mesomorphic = Aggressive and adventurous</p> Signup and view all the answers

    All psychopaths are criminals.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary distinction between a psychopath and a sociopath?

    <p>Psychopathy is thought to be more innate, while sociopathy is caused by social or environmental factors.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following traits with their descriptions:

    <p>Glibness = Superficial charm Impulsivity = Proneness to act without planning Conning = Manipulative behavior for personal gain Lack of empathy = Inability to understand others' feelings</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Learning Goals

    • Students will understand the evolution of psychology (its history).
    • Students will be able to explain what psychology is and its goals.
    • Students will explain what psychologists and psychiatrists do.
    • Students will explain why psychology is studied.
    • This aligns with curriculum expectations C1 & C2.

    Terminology

    • Psychologist
    • Psychiatrist
    • Clinical psychology
    • Forensic psychology
    • Sports psychology
    • Counseling
    • Social psychology
    • School psychology
    • Cognitive psychology
    • Developmental psychology

    KWL Chart

    • K (What I Know): Blank space for students to fill in what they know about psychology.
    • W (What I Want to Know): Blank space for students to write questions about psychology.
    • L (What I Have Learned): Blank space for students to note what they've learned after the lesson.

    Psychology Focus

    • Psychologists focus on the individual and their experiences, rather than societal or cultural influences.

    Branches of Psychology

    • Experimental Psychology: Conducts experiments to understand how individuals react in various situations.
    • Clinical Psychology: Creates programs to treat individuals with mental illnesses and disorders.
      • Psychologists and psychiatrists work with patients experiencing anxiety and depression.
      • They utilize the DSM-V (a diagnostic manual) to identify illnesses/disorders.
    • Counseling Psychology: Focuses on everyday problems and challenges.
    • Developmental Psychology: Studies how human beings change over their lifespan.
    • Social Psychology: Examines how people interact and are influenced by social groups.
    • Biological Psychology: Focuses on the physiological underpinnings of behavior.
    • Cognitive Psychology: Looks at the processes behind thoughts, memory, and language.
    • Educational Psychology: Investigates factors affecting learning and teaching.
    • School Psychology: Provides assessment and intervention services for students within the educational system.
    • Forensic Psychology: Applies psychological principles within the legal system.
    • Sports Psychology: Enhances athletic performance and well-being by using psychology.
    • Personality Psychology: Studies personality traits that differ among individuals.

    Introduction to Psychology

    • This is the first episode, introducing the discipline.

    Introduction to the Discipline of Psychology

    • This slide depicts various people.

    Goals of Psychology Worksheet

    • Students work in small groups to complete a worksheet on the psychological goals (describe, explain, predict, control).
    • The worksheet includes scenarios, and students identify each scenario's relevant goal.

    What Psychologists Do

    • Psychologists study how and why humans act the way they do.
    • Instead of focusing on cultures or societies, psychologists focus on individuals and their personal experiences, influencing their actions and thoughts.

    What a Psychologist Does (More Detail)

    • Psychologists assess and diagnose issues in thinking, feeling, and behavior.
    • Psychologists help people manage and overcome problems through various treatments.
    • Specific issues addressed include: fears, problems in learning and memory, the psychological impact of physical illnesses (e.g., diabetes, heart disease, chronic pain, stroke), concerns related to terminal illness, addictions, stress, frustration, relationship problems, eating disorders, brain injuries, and dementia.
    • Psychologists often use a variety of psychological treatments (psychotherapies).
    • They work in diverse settings such as hospitals, rehabilitation centers, community clinics, private practices, correctional facilities, schools, and universities.
    • Psychologists may use tests to understand a person's thoughts, mood, and behavior.
    • In many regions, only psychologists, physicians, and nurse practitioners are qualified to make mental health diagnoses. There are variations in licensing requirements across Canada.

    Psychologists at Work (Subfields and Activities)

    • All the subfields previously listed are included (clinical psychology, counseling psychology, etc.), with their respective activities. This section should also detail that psychologists work in diverse settings/situations (hospitals, schools, etc.).

    10 Ways Psychology Can Change Your Life

    • Psychology can help you improve communication, build better relationships, build self-confidence, and enrich your career.

    Thoughts and Exit Card

    • Students reflect on new, surprising aspects and topics they'd like to learn more about.
    • The exit card includes questions focused on psychology's goals (describe, explain, predict, control), psychologist tasks, psychology's impact on daily life, desired areas of study, and specific curiosities.

    Studying That Suits You

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    Related Documents

    Lesson #1 Introduction to Psychology PDF
    Goals of Psychology Handout Answers PDF
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    Psychology Lesson #2 PDF
    Carl Jung and Archetypes PDF
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    Humanistic Psychology PDF
    Cognitive Psychology PDF
    Ethics in Psychological Research PDF
    Your Brain and What It Does PDF
    What Is Personality? HSP 3U PDF
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    Description

    This quiz covers the evolution of psychology, its definition, and the roles of psychologists and psychiatrists. Students will explore the various branches of psychology and why the field is important. Engage with insightful questions to deepen your understanding of this fascinating discipline.

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