Lesson 1 Elements of Music PDF

RIZAL TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY Cities of Mandaluyong and Pasig MODULE NO. 1: INTRODUCTION TO MUSIC LESSON NO. 1: ELEMENTS OF MUSIC Elements of Music a. Rhythm (...

RIZAL TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY Cities of Mandaluyong and Pasig MODULE NO. 1: INTRODUCTION TO MUSIC LESSON NO. 1: ELEMENTS OF MUSIC Elements of Music a. Rhythm (beat, meter and tempo) b. Melody c. Harmony d. Texture e. Pitch f. Timbre g. Dynamics h. Duration i. Form Overview They say, music will not exist without sound. In this module you will explore different elements of music which is consider as the building blocks of music. You will also build knowledge on basic music techniques through a set of fun activities and by listening to several musical selections based on each element. And as a result, this will sharpen your listening skills and familiarize with musical elements and be able to identify the concepts in the music as you listen and pay attention to the sample of music. Music, Arts, Physical Education and Health 9 1  RIZAL TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY Cities of Mandaluyong and Pasig Study Guide How to Use the Module Before starting the module, I want you to focus solely in reading and answering the task prepared for you in this module and make sure to set aside all other tasks that will disturb you in doing this module. Read the instructions below to successfully achieve the objectives of this module, and don’t forget to have fun! 1. Follow carefully all the contents and instructions indicated in every page of this module. 2. Write on your notebook the concepts about the lessons. Remember! developing writing skills can help you strengthen your ability to make reasoned arguments on a variety of subjects 3. Perform all the provided activities in the module. 4. Submit on time the necessary activities and assessment to your teacher. 5. Retrieve the module once checked by your teacher and analyze conceptually the assessment and apply what you have learned. 6. Enjoy studying! Parts of the Module 1. Learning Competency – are statements that describe the knowledge or skills learners should acquire by the end of this module 2. Topic Presentation – this part is the body of the modules. It includes pictures, diagrams, and other illustrations that may help clarify the information presented including exercises and hands-on activities that the learners should engage in. 3. Guided Exercises / Learning Activities – this are set of learning activities that help the learners hone and practice the knowledge or skills they acquire in the lesson. 4. Assessment - This part evaluates the level of mastery in achieving the learning outcomes, validates the concepts, and provides more opportunities to deepen the learning. 5. Assignment - This is an optional part to reinforce or advance the student’s learning. It is relevant to the past, current, and future lessons. It includes clear instructions and Submission date of the assignment Music, Arts, Physical Education and Health 9 2  RIZAL TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY Cities of Mandaluyong and Pasig Learning Competency After studying this lesson, you should be able to: Differentiate the basic elements of music. Distinguish the musical elements of music on the given examples. Express appreciation in music as important part in our lives. Topic Presentation ELEMENTS OF MUSIC Music is one of the most difficult terms to define, perhaps because beliefs about music have changed dramatically over time just in Western culture alone. The word music comes from the Greek word (mousike), which means "(art) of the Muses". Music is a form of art that uses sound organized in time. Its medium is sound and silence. General definitions of music include common elements such as pitch (melody and harmony), rhythm (meter, tempo, and articulation), dynamics, and the qualities of timbre and texture. Music, Arts, Physical Education and Health 9 3  RIZAL TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY Cities of Mandaluyong and Pasig Importance of the Elements of Music 1. Performing/Analyzing Music – Music is a performing art. It requires a performer or a group of performers who “self‐consciously enacts music for an audience”. The performers render the composer's work, a score containing musical ideas and performance instructions, into a physical realization. Music Analysis is an understanding of the musical elements. This will enable to understand any piece of music, whether trying to perform the piece or analyze it. 2. Composing Music – is usually familiar as composition. This refer to an original piece or work of music, either vocal or instrumental, the structure of a musical piece, or to the process of creating or writing a new piece of music. People who create new compositions are called composers. Composers of primarily songs are usually called songwriters. with songs, the person who writes lyrics for a song is the lyricist. The musical elements are the composer’s toolbox. Without a clear grasp of the elements of music, the ability to write music will be seriously compromised and will not be able to reach the potential as a composer. CORE ELEMENTS OF MUSIC 1. Rhythm – the time element of music or the organization of music in time. A specific rhythm is a specific pattern in time. There are three elements of Rhythm. These includes beat, tempo, and meter. Beat - is the unit division of musical time. Just as one is aware of the body’s steady pulse, or heartbeat, even in composing, performing, or listening to music is one of a periodic succession of beats. Tempo - The pace of the fundamental beat is called tempo and the Italian term for “time”. Tempo suggest neither how slow, quick, fast or moderate the music is. Meter - organizes beats into groups. It indicates the measures or time signature. usually of two or three or usually a subdivision of 2, 3 or 4. Music, Arts, Physical Education and Health 9 4  RIZAL TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY Cities of Mandaluyong and Pasig Here are some of the common Italian musical terms and their meanings that describe Tempo: 2. Melody - is a group of pitches and rhythms which make up the main “tune” of a song or piece. The melody is one of the main indicators as to the form of a song or piece. Melodies can be described as CONJUNCT which is smooth and easy to sing or play and DISJUNCT which means disjointedly ragged or jumpy and difficult to sing or play. There are three types of Melody; Color melodies, Direction melodies and Blend melodies. Color Melodies- a melody that sound pretty. They are often made up of just one or two notes. Direction Melodies - this type of melody that go somewhere. It uses more different notes and don’t have a clear base pitch. Blends - were melodies that use both color and direction. This is the kind of melody we hear day in and out on the radio. 3. Harmony – in music, is the sound of two or more notes heard or played together simultaneously. As soon as there is more than one pitch sounding at a time, you have harmony. In such cases the ear perceives the harmony that would result if the notes had sounded together. There are descriptions often related to harmony; Dissonance and Consonance. Descriptions often related to harmony: DISSONANCE: a harsh-sounding harmonic combination CONSONANCE: a smooth-sounding harmonic combination 4. Texture – often described regarding the density, or thickness, and range, or width, between lowest and highest pitches, in relative terms as well as more specifically distinguished according to the number of voices, or parts, and the relationship between these voices. It is the way harmonies, melodies, rhythms, and timbres relate to create the overall effect of a piece of music. The four common texture types are monophonic, polyphonic, homophonic, and heterophonic. Music, Arts, Physical Education and Health 9 5  RIZAL TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY Cities of Mandaluyong and Pasig Monophonic Texture (one voice or melody)- Music with only one note sounding at a time or a single layer of sound. It has only one melodic line, with no harmony or counterpoint. There may be rhythmic accompaniment, but only one line that has specific pitches. Monophonic music can also be called monophony. It is sometimes called monody, although the term “monody” can also refer to a particular type of solo song or solo music. Homophonic Texture (voice with instrument) - can be also called Homophony. A music with two or more notes sounding at the same time or a melody with an accompaniment. Polyphonic Texture (many voices or staggard voices) – can also be called polyphony, counterpoint, or contrapuntal music. Music with two or more independent melodies sounding at the same time or more than one independent melody is occurring at the same time the music is polyphonic. Heterophonic Texture – consist of two or multiple performers playing or singing a single melody all at once, but different variations of it are being sung or played at the same time. This is also a simultaneous performance by a number of singers or musicians of two or more versions of the same melody. 5. Pitch – a term used to describe how high or low sounds are. It is the frequency of the note’s vibration (note names C, D, E, etc.). 6. Timbre – known as sound quality or tone color. It is the characteristic that allows us to distinguish the quality of a musical note or sound or tone that distinguishes different types of sound production, such as voices and musical instruments. There are several terms use to describe timbre: etc. Tone color is also the quality of the sound of human voice. There are classification of human voice or vocal range: Female Vocal Range Male Soprano Highest Voice Tenor Mezzo Soprano Medium Voice Baritone Alto Lowest Voice Bass 7. DYNAMICS – refers to the volume of a sound or note. It is the term also applied to the written or printed musical notation used to indicate dynamics. Traditionally, dynamic markings are based on Italian words. It can change suddenly or gradually (crescendo, getting louder, or decrescendo, getting softer.) Music, Arts, Physical Education and Health 9 6  RIZAL TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY Cities of Mandaluyong and Pasig Italian terms used to describe dynamic levels: piano [p] - (quiet) pianissimo [pp] - (very quiet) pianississimo [ppp] – (very very quiet) mezzo-piano [mp] - (moderately quiet) mezzo-forte [mf] - (moderately loud) forte [f] - (loud) fortissimo [ff] - (very loud) fortississimo [fff] – (very very loud) Cresendo – gradually increasing loudness Decrescendo – gradually decreasing loudness 8. Duration – the amount of time or how long or short a note, phrase, section, or composition lasts. It is also the length of time a pitch, or tone, is sounded. 9. Form - the structure of a musical composition. The term is regularly used in two senses: to denote a standard type, or genre, and to denote the procedures in a specific work. ADDITIONAL READINGS For additional reference please refer to the following articles: - https://wmich.edu/mus-gened/mus170/RockElements.pdf - http://accounts.smccd.edu/mecklerd/mus250/elements.htm - https://sites.google.com/site/basicelementsofmusic - https://cso.org/media/docents/ElementsOfMusic.pdf - https://www.liverpoolphil.com/media/232762/dr-smith-work-sheet.pdf Music, Arts, Physical Education and Health 9 7  RIZAL TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY Cities of Mandaluyong and Pasig Guided Exercises / Learning Activities Instruction will be announced by your teachers ……………. Page Break………………… Assessment Instruction will be announced by your teachers ……………. Page Break………………… Assignment Students will choose one of their favorite songs and be ready for a presentation. ……………. Page Break………………… Music, Arts, Physical Education and Health 9 8  RIZAL TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY Cities of Mandaluyong and Pasig References Basic Elements of Music. (n.d.). Sites.Google.Com. Retrieved September 15, 2020, from https://sites.google.com/site/basicelementsofmusic Elements of Music. (n.d.). Retrieved September 15, 2020, from https://cso.org/media/docents/ElementsOfMusic.pdf The Elements of Music. (n.d.). Retrieved September 15, 2020, from https://www.liverpoolphil.com/media/232762/dr-smith-work-sheet.pdf https://milnepublishing.geneseo.edu/music-and-the-child/chapter/chapter-2/ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Music https://courses.lumenlearning.com/musicappreciation_with_theory/chapter/dynamics-and- dynamics-changes/ https://courses.lumenlearning.com/musicappreciation_with_theory/chapter/monophony/ https://courses.lumenlearning.com/musicappreciation_with_theory/chapter/monophony/ https://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/guides/zs9wk2p/revision/1#:~:text=The%20tempo%20of%2 0a%20piece,BPM%2C%20or%20beats%20per%20minute.&text=Sometimes%20the%20temp o%20is https://courses.lumenlearning.com/musicappreciation_with_theory/chapter/harmony- overview/ https://www.britannica.com/art/harmony-music/Harmony-before-the-common-practice- period https://dynamicmusicroom.com/how-to-describe-melody/ https://blog.holistic-songwriting.com/2016/03/13/3-types-of-melodies-you-must-know- tech/#:~:text=Remember%20these%20key%20differences%3A,every%20one%20or https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pc4DmKyCYxs https://www.musictheoryacademy.com/how-to-read-sheet-music/the-elements-of-music/ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Musical_composition https://www.britannica.com/art/musical-composition https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Music Music, Arts, Physical Education and Health 9 9