Oral Physiology and Occlusion Lecture Notes PDF

Oral physiology and Occlusion Oral – mouth Physiology – study how the mouth/ oral cavity works Occlusion – contact between the upper and lower teeth when they come together  Introduction to Oral Physiology Stomatognathic System- relating to jaw and mouth ( teeth and associated soft...

Oral physiology and Occlusion Oral – mouth Physiology – study how the mouth/ oral cavity works Occlusion – contact between the upper and lower teeth when they come together  Introduction to Oral Physiology Stomatognathic System- relating to jaw and mouth ( teeth and associated soft tissue) ANATOMY OF ORAL CAVITY AND THE JAWS 1.Lips 2.Cheeks 3. Oral Vestibule 4. Palate 5. Floor of the mouth 6. Maxillary Bones 7. Maxillary Sinus 8. Bones contributing hard palate 9. Mandible  ANATOMY OF ORAL CAVITY AND THE JAWS 1. LIPS Vermillion – red portion of the lips Vermillion Border – it represent the transition area from mucosal tissue to skin Boundaries: Laterally: Nasolabial grooves –the upper lip separate from the cheeks Labiomental groove – groove separates the lower lip from chin Philtrum – vertical groove from the base of the nose and the border of the upper lip Labial Commissures- the corner of the lips.  ANATOMY OF ORAL CAVITY AND THE JAWS CLASSIFICATION OF LIPS 1.a COMPETENT LIPS – lips are slight in contact when musculature is relaxed. 1.b INCOMPETENT LIPS – short lips which do not form a lip seal in relaxed state. Lip seal can be achieve by contraction of oral muscle. Patient may have normal lips but fail to form lip seal due to proclined incisor.  ANATOMY OF ORAL CAVITY AND THE JAWS 2. CHEEKS – it extends intraorally from labial commisures to the ridge of the mucosa overlying the ascending ramus of the mandible. - its mucosa is non keratinized and is tightly adherent to buccinator muscle. - the parotid ducts drains into the cheek opposite to the maxillary second molar.  ANATOMY OF ORAL CAVITY AND THE JAWS 3. ORAL VESTIBULE - is the space anterior to the teeth and behind the lips and cheeks *Oral cavity proper = behind the teeth  ANATOMY OF ORAL CAVITY AND THE JAWS 4. PALATE – forms the roof of the mouth and separates the oral cavity to nasal cavity. 4.a. Hard Palate – immovable anterior part 4.b. Soft Palate – movable soft posterior part ANATOMY OF ORAL CAVITY AND THE JAWS 4. PALATE 4.c. Incisive papilla – oval midline mucosa elevation of the anterior part of the palate, immediately found behind maxillary incisors which covers the nasopalatine nerve as they emerge from incisive fossa.  ANATOMY OF ORAL CAVITY AND THE JAWS 4.d. Palatine Raphe 4.e. Palatine Rugae Physiologically the palatal rugae are involved in the oral swallowing and help to progress the relationship between food and the taste receptors In complete dentures, Palatal rugae plays a very important role in phonetics. The absence of rugae impedes proper articulation due to the lack of tactile sense  ANATOMY OF ORAL CAVITY AND THE JAWS SOFT PALATE AREA 4.f. TONSILS - are lymph nodes in the back of the mouth and top of the throat. They help to filter out bacteria and other germs to prevent infection in the body. 4.g. UVULA - primary purpose of your uvula is to secrete saliva to moisten your mouth and throat. But it also aids in eating and drinking.  ANATOMY OF ORAL CAVITY AND THE JAWS 5. FLOOR OF THE MOUTH - a horseshoe-shaped region above the mylohyoid muscles and beneath the movable part of the tongue. - In the midline, near the base of the tongue, the lingual frenum extends on to the inferior surface of the tongue. -The sublingual papilla, onto which the submandibular salivary ducts open, is centrally positioned at the base of the tongue.  ANATOMY OF ORAL CAVITY AND THE JAWS 6. MAXILLARY BONES - it consist of frontal, zygomatic, alveolar and palatine processes, and an orbital plate. -The body of the maxilla forms the skeleton of the anterior part of the cheek. - The posterior convexity of the body is the maxillary tuberosity and it has several small foramina for the passage of the posterior superior alveolar nerves (PSAN).  ANATOMY OF ORAL CAVITY AND THE JAWS 6. MAXILLARY BONES The orbital plate forms the floor of the orbit and below the orbital rim lies the infra-orbital foramen (through which the infra-orbital branch of the maxillary nerve emerges).( infra orbital nerve= all anterior teeth to bicuspid)  ANATOMY OF ORAL CAVITY AND THE JAWS Alveolar process of the maxilla – Alveolar bone- is the thickened ridge of bone that contains the tooth sockets on bones that bear teeth (maxilla and mandible). On the maxilla, the alveolar process is a ridge on the inferior surface. It makes up the thickest part of the maxilla.  ANATOMY OF ORAL CAVITY AND THE JAWS 7. MAXILLARY SINUS Different Sinuses: 1. Frontal 2. Ethmoidal 3. Maxillary 4. Sphenoidal FUNCTIONS ARE: 1. Lightening the weight of the head 2. Humidifying and heating inhaled air, 3. Increasing the resonance (quality) of speech 4. Serving as a crumple zone to protect vital structures in the event of facial trauma  ANATOMY OF ORAL CAVITY AND THE JAWS 7. MAXILLARY SINUS - maxillary sinus (antrum) is situated in the body of the maxilla. - It is pyramidal in shape.  ANATOMY OF ORAL CAVITY AND THE JAWS 7. MAXILLARY SINUS BOUNDARIES -The base (medial wall)forms part of the lateral wall of the nose. -The apex extends into the zygomatic process of the maxilla. - The roof of the sinus is part of the floor of the orbit - The floor of the sinus is formed by the alveolar process and part of the palatine process of the maxilla.  ANATOMY OF ORAL CAVITY AND THE JAWS The Maxillary sinus is innervated by the infra-orbital nerve and the superior alveolar branches of the maxillary nerve. Anterior Superior Alveolar Nerve (ASAN) ( anterior teeth to canine) Middle Superior Alveolar Nerve (MSAN ( premolars) Wheelers Dental Anatomy and occlusion 10th edition Posterior Superior Alveolar Nerve (PSAN ) molar)  ANATOMY OF ORAL CAVITY AND THE JAWS 8. BONES CONTRIBUTING THE HARD PALATE - Four major bones contributing to the hard palate are the palatine processes of the maxillae and the horizontal plates of the palatine bones.  ANATOMY OF ORAL CAVITY AND THE JAWS 9. MANDIBLE -The mandible consists of a horizontal body and two vertical rami. - The body of the mandible carries the mandibular teeth and their associated alveolar processes. 9.a. Mental protuberance constitutes the chin. 9.b. Above the mental protuberance lies a shallow depression termed the incisive fossa.  ANATOMY OF ORAL CAVITY AND THE JAWS 9. MANDIBLE 9.c. MENTAL FORAMEN - Midway in the height of the body of the mandible, related to the premolar teeth, through which pass the mental branches of the Inferior Alveolar Nerve (IAN). 9.d. ALVEOLAR PROCESS OF THE MANDIBLE 9.e. EXTERNAL OBLIQUE RIDGE - The junction of the alveolus and ramus  ANATOMY OF ORAL CAVITY AND THE JAWS 9. MANDIBLE 9.f. CORONOID PROCESS - provides attachment for the temporalis muscle. 9.g. CONDYLAR PROCESS - has a neck supporting an articular surface, which fits into the mandibular fossa of the temporal bone to form the temporomandibular joint.  ANATOMY OF ORAL CAVITY AND THE JAWS 9. MANDIBLE 9.h. Digastric fossa – it can found close to the midline, on the inferior surface of the mandibular body, this is where anterior bellies of Digastric muscle found.  ANATOMY OF ORAL CAVITY AND THE JAWS 9. MANDIBLE 9.i. Genial Spines/tubercle- it can be found above the above the digastric fossae and it serve as attachments for the geniohyoid muscles and the genioglossus muscles. GENIO- Chin  Reference: Master Dentistry Volume Three oral biology By B.K.B. Berkovitz