Lecture 7 (Dusting powders) - Medicinal Plants - 2023/2024

Medicinal plants 2023/2024 Lecture 7 Dr. Amal F. Soliman Associate Professors of Pharmacognosy  ‫أجزاء المنهج‬ ❑ Anatomy (Lectures 1, 2, 3, 4, 5,6) Today's lecture ❑ Dusting powders (Lecture 7) ❑ Taxonomy ❑ Physiology ❑ Introduc...

Medicinal plants 2023/2024 Lecture 7 Dr. Amal F. Soliman Associate Professors of Pharmacognosy  ‫أجزاء المنهج‬ ❑ Anatomy (Lectures 1, 2, 3, 4, 5,6) Today's lecture ❑ Dusting powders (Lecture 7) ❑ Taxonomy ❑ Physiology ❑ Introduction to Pharmacognosy  Dusting Powders ▪ Crude drugs occurring naturally in the powder form. Dusting powders from plant origin: Starch Lycopodium Kamala Dusting powder from mineral origin: Kieselguhr Talc Kaolin, China clay, Kaolinite Prepared (Precipitated) dusting powders: Precipitated Chalk Precipitated Sulphur  Starch ▪ Starch occurs in irregular, angular or as a white powder. ▪ It is odorless and almost tasteless. ▪ It is insoluble in cold water but forms a colloidal solution on boiling with about 15 times its weight of water, the solution forming a translucent jelly on cooling. ▪ Simply starch is a form of water insoluble glucose polymer. Starch granules contain two carbohydrate, amylopectin (branched) and amylose (unbranched, linear). Amylopectin is less water-soluble fraction, which gives the more viscous solution and constitutes over 80% of most starches. ▪ Starch can be hydrolyzed by mineral acids into glucose and by -amylase into maltose.  Potato starch Wheat starch Solanum tuberosum F. Solanaceae Triticum Vulgare F. Graminea wheat starch Maize starch Rice starch Zea mays F. Graminea Oryza Sativa F. Graminea Uses ▪ In a mucilage form, it is used as skin emollient. ▪ Antidote in treatment of iodine poisoning. ▪ Tablet disintegrant. ▪ A lubricant for surgeons' gloves. ▪ Production of glucose.  Lycopodium ▪ Lycopodium consists of the ripe spores of the common clubmoss, Lycopodium clavatum L. (Lycopodiaceae) ▪ Lycopodium is a pale yellow, fine, extremely mobile powder without odor or taste. It floats on water without being wetted. Blown into a flame, it burns instantly with a brilliant flash. The spores are very resistant to pressure and unaffected by dilute acids and alkalis. ▪ Active Constituents: Lycopodium spores contain fixed oil (50%). The drug also contains phytosterin, alkaloid (lycopodine) together with traces of nicotine. ▪ Uses: ▪ As dusting powder and in manufacture of medicated snuffs and pills. ▪ Employed as a standard reference in quantitative microscopy. ▪ Disorders of chest and urinary passage, in rheumatism, cramps and varices, antiseptic, in diseases of lungs and kidneys. ▪ In manufacture of fireworks.  Kamala ▪ Kamala consists of the trichomes, and glands separated from the fruits of Mallotus philippinensis (Euphorbiaceae), a tree found in India and Pakistan. ▪ It occurs as a dull reddish-brown powder without odor or taste. ▪ Kamala consists of glands and trichomes. The glands are of sub-globular shape and are filled with a deep red resin, secreted by several club-shaped cells radiating from a common center. ▪ Active Constituents: Anthelmintic phloroglucinol derivatives (rottlerin and isorottlerin). Resins (65%). ▪ Uses: Treatment of tapeworm infestation. Treating poultry. Under microscope  Kieselguhr ▪ Siliceous earthy mater consisting of the siliceous walls of fossil diatoms (unicellular plant belonging to numbers of families of Bacillariophyceae). ▪ The pure kieselguhr consists almost of SiO2, whereas the crude product contains about 65-90% of SiO2, together with organic matter, clay, iron oxide and about 5-15% water. ▪ Uses ✓ As a filter aid for purification of oils, syrups, etc. ✓ As a microbial filter (Briefed filter) for the purpose of sterilization. ✓ Employed as inactive support of chromatography. ✓ Employed as face powder and pills. ✓ In manufacture of soap, tooth paste and polishing powder. ✓ In manufacture of dynamite (as it absorbs nitroglycerin). Under microscope  Talc ▪ Talc is the purified hydrated magnesium silicate occurring as massive, foliated structure. The mineral is white (pure form) or in the less pure form with grayish or greenish tint (due to presence of iron oxide) and has a pearly luster. When rubbed on the skin, it has a feeling of greasiness ▪ Uses: ✓ As a filter aid in purification and clarification of cloudy fluids. Under microscope ✓ In coating and dusting of pills to prevent adhesion. ✓ As lubricant for massaging and some sports. ✓ In tablet manufacture.  Kaolin, China clay, Kaolinite 250px-KaoliniteUSGOV ▪ Kaolin is a pure variety of clay produced by the weathering and decomposition of the felspar of granite. It is almost pure hydrated aluminum silicate. The yellow tints of some kaolin samples are usually due of the presence of traces of iron. ▪ Uses: ✓ Mainly in the manufacture of pottery and ceramics. ✓ As filter and clarifying agent. ✓ As a medicinal agent for the relief of certain gastric and intestinal affections such as diarrhea due to bacterial toxins.  Precipitated Chalk ▪ It is prepared by the reaction of calcium chloride and sodium carbonate. The temperature and time of reaction determine the sizes and shapes of chalk particles and hence its commercial types (extra light, light, medium and heavy). ▪ Uses: ✓ In manufacture of dentifrice (heavy type is preferred). ✓ As antacid, alone or mixed with other soothing components (light type is preferred).  Sulphur ▪ Precipitated sulfur is prepared by addition of hydrochloric acid to a solution of calcium sulfide and thiosulphate, which has been made by boiling together sulfur and lime in water. ▪ Uses: ✓ Sulfur is a mild antiseptic and parasiticide and has been widely employed in the treatment of acne vulgaris and scabies in the form of lotion or cream. Match (Letters from A-H can be used more than one time). 1. A standard reference in quantitative microscopy. A. Starch 2. Heavy type is widely applied in manufacture of dentifrice. B. Lycopodium 3. Mild antiseptic and parasiticide and widely employed for acne vulgaris. C. Kamala D. Kieselguhr 4. A medicinal agent for diarrhea due to bacterial toxins. E. Talc 5. A purified hydrated magnesium silicate. F. Kaolin G. Chalk 6. It occurs as a dull reddish-brown powder without odor or taste. H. Sulphur 7. Water-insoluble glucose polymer, reacts positively with Iodine solution. 8. Treatment of tapeworm infestation. 9. It acts as antacid, alone or mixed with other soothing components. 10. It is almost pure aluminum silicate. 11. It is used in the manufacture of pottery and ceramics. 12. A lubricant for massaging and some sports.