Medicinal Plants Lecture 6 PDF

 E  Foams with water forming froth.  Cause haemolysis of RBCs.  Causes irritation of eyes and nose.  Should not be injected due to its haemolytic effect.  Used externally as antidandruff or in shampoos.  E.g. saponaria Saponins Complex substances with astringent taste used...

 E  Foams with water forming froth.  Cause haemolysis of RBCs.  Causes irritation of eyes and nose.  Should not be injected due to its haemolytic effect.  Used externally as antidandruff or in shampoos.  E.g. saponaria Saponins Complex substances with astringent taste used as 1. Haemostatic. 2. Treatment of burns (ppt protein of wound forming a protective coat). 3. Antidote treatment for alkaloid and heavy metals poisoning. 4. Tanning of leather. 5. Preparation of ink. A- Hydrolysable tannins B- Condensed tannins (pyrogallol) (catechol) 1- FeCl3 blue-black 1-FeCl3 green colour colour 2-Bromine water no ppt 2-Bromine water ppt. 3-Hydrolysed by acids or 3- Hydrolysed into red enzymes into gallic and insoluble phlobaphene giving ellagic acid. the drug the red colour. 4- e.g., Galls, clove 4-e.g., Henna leaves  Gallic acid Gallitannin  Ellagic acid Ellagitannin Phlobaphene Catechol Basic nitrogenous compounds of biological origin, producing a physiological effect.  Insol. in water.  Analgesic and narcotic = morphine and codeine  CNS stimulant = caffeine and strychnine  Mydriatic = atropine  Myotic = pilocarpine  Antihistaminic = ephedrine  Smooth muscles relaxant = atropine  Essential oils are secreted by oil glands or glandular hairs.  Hydrocarbons or oxygenated compounds like esters, aldehydes, ketones, acids... Uses: 1- flavour e.g., oil of lemon 2- carminative and antiseptic e.g., oil of clove.  Tested by: 1-Suddan III (red colour) 2-Chlorophyl and Alkanna tincture (green colour) volatile oil classes  Difference between volatile and fixed oils Property Volatile oils Fixed oils Volatilization at Volatile Non-volatile room temperature Solubility Soluble in organic solvents Limited solubility and alcohol in organic solvents. Stain on filter Don’t leave permanent stain Leave a paper on filter paper permanent stain on filter paper Action of air and On standing they resenify On standing they light in storage (convert to resin) rancid Composition Mixtures of hydrocarbons Glyceryl esters (mostly terpenes) and their of fatty acids oxygenated compounds Nutritive value Non nutritive nutritive Soap formation Negative positive