Lecture 4 Ergonomics PDF

CHAPTER 4 ERGONOMETRICS ARCH 140 | Human Factors & the Built Environment 241 SEMESTER Ms. Wafa Alghamdi (Coordinator) | Ms Mariola Fernandez ARCH 140 | Human Factors & the Built Environment CHAPTER 4 ERGONOMETRICS CHAPTER 4: Ergonometric Contents...

CHAPTER 4 ERGONOMETRICS ARCH 140 | Human Factors & the Built Environment 241 SEMESTER Ms. Wafa Alghamdi (Coordinator) | Ms Mariola Fernandez ARCH 140 | Human Factors & the Built Environment CHAPTER 4 ERGONOMETRICS CHAPTER 4: Ergonometric Contents Introduction to Ergonomics Definition of Ergonomics Purpose and importance of Ergonomics Data Collection for the design process Ergonomics and Design Relationship between Anthropometrics & Ergonomics Health and Safety Issues 1 ARCH 140 | Human Factors & the Built Environment CHAPTER 4 ERGONOMETRICS Introduction Consider the adaptation of products to people based upon their psychological and physiological capacities and limitations. 2 ARCH 140 | Human Factors & the Built Environment CHAPTER 4 ERGONOMETRICS Defining Ergonomics It is the study of the interaction between people and machines and the factors that affect the interaction. 5 ARCH 140 | Human Factors & the Built Environment CHAPTER 4 ERGONOMETRICS Ergonomics purpose is to improve human-machine interaction and performance. Injuries and accidents may decrease with proper instruction on proper use of equipment and the human & machine relationship. Examples: Improve productivity, avoid fatigue, avoid accidents & injuries. Examples of accidents related to poor relationship between an operator and the objects or environment. 3 ARCH 140 | Human Factors & the Built Environment CHAPTER 4 ERGONOMETRICS Ergonomics Data collection will require: A Programming phase of the design process when the designer pay particular attention to individual needs related to ergonomics. A Schematic development phase, data collected inform the preliminary design and selection of products. A Design development phase, appropriate products are selected to serve ergonomic needs 4 ARCH 140 | Human Factors & the Built Environment CHAPTER 4 ERGONOMETRICS Ergonomics & Design If ergonomics are not considered in designing Machines.. ( i.e. computer keyboards, laptops, tablets, cell phones) They can cause injury due to repetitive motion & be potentially restricting As new products are designed, it is important to continually make improvements using ergonomics. 6 ARCH 140 | Human Factors & the Built Environment CHAPTER 4 ERGONOMETRICS Ergonomics & Design The Chair Over the centuries chairs were designed for different purposes Centuries ago in Mesopotamia The height of the chair could indicate the status of the user. Higher height equalled higher status, and sometimes high enough to require a footstool. Centuries ago during Renaissance The Chauffeuse was a wooden chair with lower seat height, designed especially for women taking care of children. 10  WASSILY CHAIR – BAUHAUS - XX CENTURY The Wassily Chair, also known as the Model B3 chair, was designed by Marcel Breuer in 1925–1926 while he was the head of the cabinet-making workshop at the Bauhaus, in Dessau, Germany. The Chair ARCH 140 | Human Factors & the Built Environment CHAPTER 4 ERGONOMETRICS Ergonomics & Design The Chair During mid 1900’s Chairs were designed with visible structure Burrer Wassily chair allows the sitter to recline using the leather to form the human body. Today Chairs are designed with a fixed seat height (49.5-53.3cm) which fit the average person and to accommodate wider variety of sizes, office chairs have been designed to provide adjustability (39.4-52.1 cm) 11 ARCH 140 | Human Factors & the Built Environment CHAPTER 4 ERGONOMETRICS Relationship between Anthropometrics & Ergonomics 1. Body dimensions vary among individuals—even those of the same height. 2. The ability to comfortably work relates to an appropriate match between these body dimensions and access to the task. 3. The amount of time in which the task is to be performed can affect the comfort and well-being of the person. 12 ARCH 140 | Human Factors & the Built Environment CHAPTER 4 ERGONOMETRICS Relationship between Anthropometrics & Ergonomics Furniture, Fixture, Equipment and Ergonomics in the Workspace It must be designed for a variety of tasks and be adjustable to each individual. 13 ARCH 140 | Human Factors & the Built Environment CHAPTER 4 ERGONOMETRICS Relationship between Anthropometrics & Ergonomics Furniture, Fixture, Equipment All varied heights of family members should be considered. Some counter areas and products such as microwaves should and Ergonomics in the Kitchen be accessible to all family members including children. 14 ARCH 140 | Human Factors & the Built Environment CHAPTER 4 ERGONOMETRICS Anthropometrics & Ergonomics video 1 https://youtu.be/dU_zyDYZiew 14 ARCH 140 | Human Factors & the Built Environment CHAPTER 4 ERGONOMETRICS Health & Safety Issues Bad design → pain → injury Body movement includes muscle movement & blood flow. When they are compromised , the nervous system sends to the brain signals which we sense as pain. As a reaction, muscle is tightened and flow is restricted & nerves are pinched. Leads to Muscuskeletal disorders (MSD) Ex. Lower back pain, shoulder pain. 15 ARCH 140 | Human Factors & the Built Environment CHAPTER 4 ERGONOMETRICS Health & Safety Issues Industrial Safety Safety & Health Policy Analysts & Researchers should: Inform workers of possible hazards associated with work Promote safer work practices Asses & improve workplace safety Identify new areas of safety research 16 ARCH 140 | Human Factors & the Built Environment CHAPTER 4 ERGONOMETRICS Health & Safety Issues Ergonomic Injuries are caused by: Improper lifting or using of the extremities Tasks with repetitive movement Usually, injury doesn’t occur in the beginning but occurs later on. Then, Injury may require surgery or physical therapy. 17 ARCH 140 | Human Factors & the Built Environment CHAPTER 4 ERGONOMETRICS Health & Safety Issues Greatest risk factor is: ▪ Repetitive motion ▪ Forceful actions ▪ Or the body in awkward positions 18 ARCH 140 | Human Factors & the Built Environment CHAPTER 4 ERGONOMETRICS Health & Safety Issues Common injuries: ▪Lower back injury signified with lower back pain which is the most common ▪Spinal column problem causes back pain, usually caused by improper lifting (bending of the waist) also caused by poor posture. Also caused by staying one position for long periods. ▪Back & neck pain, caused by sitting for long periods particularly on a computer. ▪Carpal tunnel syndrome of hands caused by repeatedly working with the wrist bent, or rapid rates of repetitive use, not resting of hands & wrest, forceful move symptoms manifest as deadness or weakness in the hand. 17 ARCH 140 | Human Factors & the Built Environment CHAPTER 4 ERGONOMETRICS Health & Safety Issues Prevention The level of risk depends on the intensity, frequency, and duration of the exposure to these conditions. By worker … Doing some desk exercises or stretches … as well as moving around periodically… may reduce neck and back strain caused by poor posture.. Insisting on ergonomically designed products. By designers … They are concerned with alleviating this issue in their designs.. Changing the workspace to fit the worker rather than making the worker try to fit the workspace creates an ergonomically designed work environment. 5 Ways to Avoid Pain and Injury from Improper Sitting and Standing ▪ Know the warning signs of back pain caused by poor ergonomics and posture. ▪ Adjust your chair and computer monitor. ▪ Keep the body (e.g., back, neck, head, and eyes) in alignment. ▪ Sitting in the same position for any length of time causes fatigue. ▪ Take advantage of the chair’s features. ▪ Use posture-friendly props and ergonomic office chairs. ▪ Get up and move periodically. ▪ Use exercise to help prevent injury and promote good posture. ▪ Wear supportive footwear when standing. ▪ Remember good posture and ergonomics when in motion. ▪ Create ergonomic physical environments and workspaces, such as for sitting in an office chair at a computer. ▪ Avoid overprotecting posture. ARCH 140 | Human Factors & the Built Environment CHAPTER 4 ERGONOMETRICS Health & Safety Issues Indoor Air Quality Providing occupants with good indoor air quality through appropriate materials & design practices is another aspect of an ergonomically designed environment. ARCH 140 | Human Factors & the Built Environment CHAPTER 4 ERGONOMETRICS Health & Safety Issues For example specifying low- or no-VOC paints limits or eliminates chemical emission, and hard-surface flooring such as tile is easy to clean with non-chemical cleaners… 5 Watch videos: 2 https://youtu.be/LAKlmdMHpdE 3 https://youtu.be/XPigt7jWEvU Reference Textbooks: Human Factors in the Built Environment Human Dimension and Interior Space Linda L. Nussbaumer Julius Panero and Martin Zelnik 13