PCM Reflection and Self-Regulation Lecture (PDF)

Level 1 - Semester 1 PCM LECTURE (3) REFLECTION AND SELF REGULATION DR ZIAD MAHANA  FAMILY MEDICINE Gynecology - 1 0 Reflection and self R...

Level 1 - Semester 1 PCM LECTURE (3) REFLECTION AND SELF REGULATION DR ZIAD MAHANA  FAMILY MEDICINE Gynecology - 1 0 Reflection and self Regulation reflection Definition D EFINITION S  R EFLECTION → A metacognitive** process: ▪ That occurs before - during - & after situations. ▪ With the purpose of developing greater understanding of both the self①& the situation②. ▪ So that future action can be informed by this understanding. **Metacognition: Thinking about thinking (the awareness & understanding of one's own thought processes)  R EFLECTION IN THE EDUCATION CONTEXT : A process in which thoughts are ‘TURNED BACK’ so that they can be interpreted or analyzed. Benefits of reflection ❶ ⮅ Self-awareness → Enables students to explore into their values, beliefs, and emotions. ❷ Improve decision making skills → Through reflection you can… ① Analyze your decisions. ② Find ways to improve them. ❸ Encourage Empathy → Reflective practice encourages students to… ① Consider the patient's perspective. ② Fostering empathy. ③ Promoting patient-centered care. Dr. Ziad Mahana 1  PCM LECTURE - 3 ❹ Improve communication: when you reflect on your actions, you see where you may need to improve in your interactions with others. ❺ Improve critical thinking. ❻ Enhance lifelong learning: As students continuously seek opportunities for self-improvement & professional development. Models of reflection ' “A WIDELY USED MODEL”  IT PROVIDES A FRAMEWORK FOR INDIVIDUALS TO… ① Critically analyze their experiences. IMPORTANCE ② Explore their thoughts & feelings. ③ Identify areas for improvement.  THE GIBBS REFLECTIVE CYCLE CONSISTS OF 6 STAGES: STAGES Dr. Ziad Mahana 2  PCM LECTURE - 3 WHAT TO DO IN THIS STAGE CONSIDER You provide a detailed description of the experience you ① The people involved. ❶ Description are reflecting upon. ② Any relevant background information. Reflect on your thoughts & emotions during the How the event made you feel ❷ Feelings experience. “Pay attention to both positive & negative emotions” ① You critically analyze the experience. ❸ Evaluation What worked well & what didn’t work well ② Evaluate its positive & negative aspects. ① Reflect on the situation. ① The reasons behind your actions. ❹ Analysis ② Try to make sense of it. ② Any underlying factors that may have contributed to the outcome. ① Draw conclusions from your analysis. ❺ Conclusion What you could have done differently ② Identify key lessons learned from the experience. ① Determine what actions you will take Action ② Set goals for personal development & improvement. ❻ ---- Plan ③ Make a plan for implementing these changes in your future practice. Dr. Ziad Mahana 3  PCM LECTURE - 3 Methods of Reflection THIS METHOD INVOLVES ROLE OF THIS METHOD Written Writing a reflective journal or diary Used to document your experiences Reflection  This method encourages… Group Engaging in reflective discussions with peers or colleagues ▪ Exchanging feedback. Reflection ▪ Learning from each other's experiences.  Helps students to… Mentorship & Regular feedback from mentors & supervisors ▪ Reflect on their performance. feedback ▪ Identify areas for improvement.  This method allows for Portfolio Using a portfolio or collection of evidence ▪ the documentation of achievements, experiences, Reflection “That reflect on one's learning & professional development” and reflections over time Dr. Ziad Mahana 4  PCM LECTURE - 3 BaRriers to reflection  Medical professionals often have busy schedules ❶ Time limitations → Leaving little time for reflection  Medical professionals may fear being judged or criticized by peers or ❷ Fear of judgement supervisors when reflecting on their experiences - When? → While reflecting on difficult experiences. ❸ Emotional discomfort - Impact → Can bring up emotions such as guilt, shame, or anxiety.  which can act as barriers to engaging in reflection.  If medical professionals do not see reflection being modeled by their ❹ Lack of role models superiors or colleagues → they may be less likely to engage in reflective practices themselves. some situations Situation 1 During a practical session, you were tasked with performing a medical procedure for the 1st time  Describe the situation. ▪ I was assigned to perform a medical procedure “Intravenous (IV) line” for the first time. ▪ Under the supervision of a healthcare professional.  What happened?. ▪ I followed the necessary steps. ❶ Description ▪ But encountered challenges & had difficulty successfully completing the procedure.  Who was involved?. ▪ Me. ▪ The healthcare professional. ▪ Potentially other team members. Dr. Ziad Mahana 5  PCM LECTURE - 3  How did you feel during the situation?. ▪ Initially, I felt a mix of excitement & nervousness about performing the procedure. ❷ Feelings  What were your emotions?. ▪ As I encountered challenges & struggled to complete the procedure. ▪ I started feeling disappointed in myself.  What was positive about the situation?. ▪ I had the opportunity to gain hands-on experience and practice the procedure. ❸ Evaluation  What was negative about the situation?. ▪ I faced challenges and were unable to successfully complete the procedure as desired.  What sense can you make of the situation? ▪ I realized that…  Performing medical procedures requires practice. ❹ Analysis  It is normal to encounter challenges & make mistakes along the way.  What were the contributing factors?. ▪ Limited experience① and the complexity of the procedure② may have contributed to the challenges faced.  What else could you have done?. ▪ I could have asked for additional guidance from the healthcare professional during the procedure. ❺ Conclusion  What are the potential implications for future practice?. ▪ This experience highlighted the importance of… ① Continuous learning. ② Seeking guidance. ③ Practicing regularly.  What steps will you take to address the situation in the future?. ▪ I will seek additional support when learning new procedures. ❻ Action Plan ▪ Practice regularly. ▪ Engage in continuous learning → To improve my skills. Dr. Ziad Mahana 6  PCM LECTURE - 3 Situation 2 You successfully diagnosed a rare condition in a patient.  What happened?. ▪ I successfully diagnosed a rare condition in a patient by… ❶ Description ① Recognizing the atypical symptoms. ② Asking for appropriate investigations.  How did you feel during the situation?. ▪ I felt… ❷ Feelings ① Proud. ② Accomplished. ③ Validated in my clinical skills & ability to make accurate diagnoses.  What was good and bad about the situation?. ▪ The situation… ① Highlighted the importance of clinical reasoning & critical thinking. ❸ Evaluation ② Revealed the need for  Continued learning To provide optimal  Staying updated on rare conditions care  What sense can you make of the situation?. ▪ The incident emphasized the significance of… ❹ Analysis ① Thorough assessment. ② Considering differential diagnoses. ③ Asking for appropriate investigations to achieve accurate diagnoses.  What else could you have done?. ▪ Share my experience with my peers. ❺ Conclusion ▪ Present the case during clinical discussions. To enhance learning & promote awareness of rare conditions care. Dr. Ziad Mahana 7  PCM LECTURE - 3  What will you do differently in the future?. ▪ I will continue to develop my clinical skills. ❻ Action Plan ▪ Stay updated on medical knowledge. ▪ Actively contribute to the learning environment by sharing my experiences & cases. self regulation D EFINITION OF SELF - REGULATION ① Monitor ① Thoughts The ability of individuals to ② Control their ② Emotions to achieve desired goals ③ Adapt ③ Behaviors self-regulation & reflection  Self-regulation is closely related to reflection  As learners must be able to reflect on their own performance → In order to identify areas for improvement. The Role of reflection & self-regulation “In medical education” (Both essential skills for learners)  As it allows learners to ① Take control of their own learning & progress. ② Regulate their own behavior ③ Identify areas where they need improvement & take steps to address those areas. By reflecting on their actions & outcomes Dr. Ziad Mahana 8  PCM LECTURE - 3 importance of self-regulation  Self-regulation drives healthcare professionals to… Continuous ❶ Learning & ① Engage in lifelong learning. Improvement ② Continuous professional development.  Self-regulation equips students with ability to adapt to new challenges ❷ Adaptability & changes in healthcare practices.  Self-regulation enhance commitment to patient care & safety, Patient care &  As students… ❸ safety ① Actively monitor their performance. ② Take steps to ensure competence.  Self-regulation contributes to well-being → As self-regulated learners are more likely to… ① Manage their time effectively. ❹ Well-being ② Prioritize self-care. ③ Maintain a healthy work-life balance. ④ Promoting overall well-being. Phases of self-regulation Dr. Ziad Mahana 9  PCM LECTURE - 3 The 3 Phases of Self-Regulation  This is the phase where learners: ① Set goals. FORETHOUGHT ❶ ② Make a plan. PHASE ③ Gather the resources they need. ④ Determine their motivation.  This is the phase where learners: ① Take action & Do the task towards their goal. PERFORMANCE ❷ ② Use their plan & Put in effort to complete the task. PHASE ③ Monitor their progress. ④ Make adjustments to their strategies  This is the phase where learners: ① Learners reflect on their performance. SELF- ② Evaluate their progress towards their goals. ❸ REFLECTION PHASE ③ Assess their strengths & weaknesses. ④ Identify areas for improvement. ⑤ Consider strategies to enhance their future learning. Take Home Message REFLECTION SELF-REGULATION Both are essential for personal growth & achieving goals  Allows us to  Helps us ▪ Gain self-awareness ▪ Control & adjust our thoughts, ▪ Learn from experiences emotions, & behaviors.  By combining these practices ▪ We create a cycle of continuous improvement. ▪ & Increase our chances of success. Dr. Ziad Mahana 10