Lecture 2: Social Ecological Model PDF

PHST3030: Social and behavioral sciences in public health LECTURE 2: SOCIAL ECOLOGICAL MODEL  What is social ecological model  The Social Ecological Model (SEM) takes into consideration the individual, and their affiliations to people, organizations, and their comm...

PHST3030: Social and behavioral sciences in public health LECTURE 2: SOCIAL ECOLOGICAL MODEL  What is social ecological model  The Social Ecological Model (SEM) takes into consideration the individual, and their affiliations to people, organizations, and their community at large to be effective  This model considers the complex interplay between individual, relationship, community, and societal factors  There are five stages to this model  What is special about SEM  SEM is used to better understand  human behavior, and  its interactions with the social and physical environments, and  the effect of policy decisions made by government and organizations  The SEM is a framework put in place in order to understand the multifaceted levels within a society and how individuals and the environment interact within a social system  Let’s watch a video  Video link What are your thoughts on this?  SEM and public health  The Social-Ecological Model is broad in scope  Each level overlaps with other levels  This signifies how the best public health strategies are those that encompass and target a wide range of perspectives  A public health organization may struggle to promote healthy habits in a community if it does not consider how other factors play into the behavior of the community  Levels/stages of SEM  Individual  Interpersonal  Community  Organizational  Policy or Enabling environment  Level one - Individual  At the center or base is the individual level of internal determinants of behavior, such as knowledge, attitudes, beliefs, and skills  An individual’s various traits and identities make up this level  These characteristics have the capacity to influence how a person behaves  Age, education level, sexual orientation and economic status are some other important attributes  These factors are important to consider when constructing  Level two - interpersonal  The interpersonal level comprises the external influences of family and friends, the individual’s physician  The relationships and social networks that a person takes part in also have great potential to impact behaviors  Social norms, social identity and role definition, form and operate at this level and can influence lifestyle and health care choices  Using therapy or intervention, one can promote healthy relationships at this interval  Level three - community  This level is the collective network of individuals, businesses, institutions and organizations  It focuses on the networks between organizations and institutions that make up the greater community  These associations include businesses, media, advocacy groups, and functions of the “built environment”  It is important to understand the community  Level four - organizational  This level considers the rules and policies that guide and support behavior, including healthy behavior  For instance, workplace, schools and social organizations can aggregate interpersonal associations and impact behavior  Organizations are instrumental in the development of behaviors as they often enforce behavior- determining regulations and restrictions  This influence is significant when it comes to communicating information about safe health practices  Level five – policy / Enabling environment  This last level describes the authoritative decisions made by a local, state, or federal governing body that can influence all the other levels  These policies have the potential to impact large numbers of people  For example, federal, state, local or tribal government officials can support chronic disease prevention and control through laws, ordinances, regulations or proclamations  do it yourself  Think through the problems below for each of the levels of SEM and possible strategies:  Domestic Violence Against Women  Childhood obesity  Substance abuse  Depression  Covid-19