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Questions and Answers
What does the third level of the SEM focus on?
Which aspect is emphasized at the organizational level of the SEM?
Which level of the SEM is capable of influencing all other levels through policy-making?
What is a primary focus of community level interventions?
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How do organizations influence health behaviors according to the SEM?
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Which of the following is NOT considered a part of the community level in SEM?
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What type of strategies can be used at the level of policy/enabling environment?
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An example of an intervention at the community level could include:
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What does the Social Ecological Model primarily focus on?
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Which of the following is NOT a level of the Social Ecological Model?
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What aspect does the SEM emphasize as crucial for public health strategies?
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Which is an example of an individual-level factor in the SEM?
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How does the SEM model view the influence of policies?
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What role do interpersonal factors play in the SEM?
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In the SEM, which stage encompasses external influencers such as friends and family?
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What is a key feature of the overlap between levels in the SEM?
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Study Notes
The Social Ecological Model (SEM)
- The SEM views individuals within their social context, including their interactions with people, organizations and communities
- The SEM highlights the interdependence of individual, relationship, community, and societal factors
- It helps to understand human behavior and how it’s influenced by the social and physical environments
Levels of the SEM
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Individual: This level considers internal factors like knowledge, attitudes, beliefs, and skills
- Age, education level, sexual orientation, and economic status are important individual factors
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Interpersonal: External factors like family, friends, and physicians influence behavior at this level
- Social norms, identity and role definition shape individual choices and behavior
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Community: This is about the networks of individuals, businesses, and organizations within a community
- It includes businesses, media, advocacy groups, and the built environment
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Organizational: This level focuses on the rules and policies of organizations that promote or discourage healthy behavior
- Workplace, schools, and social organizations
- Organizations enforce rules that influence behavior
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Policy/Enabling Environment: This level involves governmental laws, regulations, and policies that can shape all other levels
- Laws can impact disease prevention and control
Applying the SEM
- The SEM is a framework for addressing public health issues by targeting interventions at multiple levels
- This model can be applied to understand and address various public health challenges, including:
- Domestic Violence Against Women
- Childhood Obesity
- Substance Abuse
- Depression
- COVID-19
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