Lecture 2 Columns Distribution PDF

Mousl university2nd semester : Building Construction Architecture department2 IraqDate : xx / xx / xxxx Layout of Columns Columns distribution in skeleton systems Building Construction 2 Assistant Teacher. :...

Mousl university2nd semester : Building Construction Architecture department2 IraqDate : xx / xx / xxxx Layout of Columns Columns distribution in skeleton systems Building Construction 2 Assistant Teacher. : Adil Khalil  Layout of Columns Columns distribution in skeleton system It means the methods of columns distribution in building and calculate amount of reinforcement in skeleton system Columns are distributed in skeleton buildings in different ways and private systems , completely different from the system of load-bearing walls. In the load bearing walls system the amount of reinforcement differs from one space to others ,where it depend on the dimensions of space that want to cover. But in skeleton system is different. It is depend on which kind of layout of columns is used. What are the layout of columns? Columns are distributed in the layout construction in axes to fixed in both directions, for sit the beams on it directly. Columns distribution Foundations and priorities of the distribution of columns on the architectural charts are: 1 - Determine the type and shape of the required columns (square, rectangular, circular,...) in coordination with the architect and commensurate with the design of the project. 2. The columns should preferably be at the intersection of the walls, thus reducing secondary bridges. 3 - Columns should be as much as possible on one line and follow a certain axis for ease of implementation and reduce the error in implementation. 4. The columns are oriented in the long direction with the long distance in the bridge so as not to interfere with the architectural design and the location of the doors, windows and other. 5 - prefer put a column in each corner of the building. 6- The distance between the columns should be economic (3-7) meters, so that the balance between the cost of the project underground and above the ground is balanced. That is, if the distance between columns decreases the number of columns and bases and therefore the cost below the ground, Iron will increase when bridge distances are large, so balance must be taken into account. 7. The sides of the (stairs) should be lined with columns. 8. When an elevator is installed, a shear walls is built on both sides of the elevator. At least, if the reinforced walls of the elevator at the end of the building, a shear walls must be constructed on the opposite side to achieve reasonable damage to the building. 9. Column positions must conform to all architectural schemes. for example it does not appear inside a room, on any floor.  Types of layout Columns in skeleton system 1. Equal distances in both directions: In this case, Columns distributed in both directions longitudinal and Accidental in equal distances. It is the easier layout, in design and planning. due the similar spaces are created. in a construct design , we design one space , to be applied it to other spaces. 2. Different distances in both directions When you follow this kind of layout construction. That means we have layout construction columns at different distances between two direction. This distribution will be obtain a rectangle spaces. all spaces have same area for all , therefore it have same construct design (amount of reinforcement). 3. Different distances in one direction In this layout construction, columns are distributed at different distances between the centers in the same direction. It is more complicated than Type I, II, because the difference space distance that means that each space is different from the construction of the adjoining space as a result of the difference in distance between the columns centers. that will obtain an increase in the depth of the beams and the amount of reinforcement used the ceilings, in addition to the difficulty in planning process of this kind. Sometimes reinforced concrete walls (Shear Walls) use in the skeleton system of buildings, which is distribute it in the form of a particular and Harmonic system with the columns distribution. Also the integration between the columns and shear walls in buildings can use If the design need for it to go create special buildings.