HR OPS BUILDING OVERVIEWS 51-56.pdf

SECTION TOPICS First Generation High-Rises Third Generation High-Rises Tubular Second Generation High-Rises Fourth Generation High-Rises Third Generation High-Rises SECTION OBJECTIVES Discuss and identify first generation high-rise building traits Discuss and identify third generation high-ris...

SECTION TOPICS First Generation High-Rises Third Generation High-Rises Tubular Second Generation High-Rises Fourth Generation High-Rises Third Generation High-Rises SECTION OBJECTIVES Discuss and identify first generation high-rise building traits Discuss and identify third generation high-rise tubular building traits Discuss and identify second generation high-rise building traits Discuss and identify fourth generation high-rise building traits Discuss and identify third generation high-rise building traits Second Edition 01/11/22 43 OVERVIEW First Generation high-rises were constructed from the 1860s-1920s Consisted of extremely heavy load-bearing exterior walls Constructed of brick or stone Many buildings had cast iron facades Many had unprotected cast iron columns and wrought iron beams Floors during this time were constructed of wood and were generally the weak links for these types of buildings, which lead to many collapses Vertical openings were generally unprotected (stairwells, elevators, and light wells) The Hayden Building (photo on left) located at 16 East Broad Street was completed in 1901. The building is 13 stories tall and is currently undergoing renovations from a developer. The Wyandotte Building (photo on right) located at 21 West Broad Street was completed in 1898; it first skyscraper. The Monadnock Building (photo on left) in Chicago is 16 stories tall and is considered the tallest load bearing structure in the world. The walls at the base of the structure are up to six feet thick to handle the load of the entire building. The photo on the right shows an example of the wrought iron stairs that were often used inside these structures. Second Edition 01/11/22 44 OVERVIEW Second Generation high-rises were constructed during the 1930s-1940s Also called Pre-World War II Construction Start of protected steel frame construction Began using fire resistive assemblies, shaft enclosures, more compartmentalization, and non-combustible materials Masonry enclosures for all metal structural members Vertical shafts were enclosed in masonry and tile Floors were concrete over brick or hollow tile arches Floor areas were small and subdivided due to a need for close access to natural light and ventilation 50 West Broad Street (photo below) was originally opened as the American Insurance Union Citadel and is now known as the LeVeque Tower. The 47-story building was completed in 1927 and was the fifth tallest building in the world at the time. 65 South Front Street was originally called the Ohio Departments Building; it is now called the Thomas J. Moyer Ohio Judicial Center. This 14-story high-rise serves as the home of the Ohio Supreme Court; a full architectural renovation was completed in 2004 restoring the building to much of its former glory. Second Edition 01/11/22 45 OVERVIEW Third Generation high-rises were constructed from 1945-1965 Known as Post-World War II Construction Lighter weight construction with fire resistive coating applied Steel frame work with core type construction (Center Core) Floors are made of corrugated metal with poured concrete over top Exterior curtain walls of glass or some type of stone The use of HVAC systems creates a sealed building Ventilation of these types of high-rises is extremely difficult if not impossible, requiring the use of the HVAC system and positive pressure a major role in smoke movement 100 East Broad Street was completed in 1964, originally opening as Bank One Tower. The 25-story tower is now owned by Chase Banking Co. and is called the Chase Tower. The building utilizes a curtain wall facade system. 88 East Broad Street is the Key Bank Building. The building was completed in 1963 with a total of 20 floors, and it is currently the 23rd tallest building in Columbus. Second Edition 01/11/22 46 OVERVIEW The ability to construct super tall buildings (100 stories and higher) began from 1965present as new construction styles and technologies became available Examples of this construction style would be the Sears Tower in Chicago and the World Trade Center in New York City The Sears Tower in Chicago, now known as the Willis Tower, is a bundled tubular construction Columns run along the outside of the tube and connect back to the core The strongest parts of the building are on the outside The exterior framing of the buildings is designed to be strong enough to resist lateral loading, allowing the interior of the building to be framed for gravity loads An overview of the bundled tubular construction Second Edition 01/11/22 47 OVERVIEW Fourth generation high-rises have begun and are considered Post 9/11 Construction (2001-present) The Freedom Tower in New York City at the site of the World Trade Center is an example of this new style of high-rise These buildings feature a more robust style of construction The center core walls are reinforced concrete up to six feet thick Movement away from light weight steel bar joist construction Has more heavily fortified stairway and elevator enclosures designed to resist smoke, fires, explosions, and collapses, creating more refuge areas for occupants Stayed Mast and Buttressed Core are two examples of these next generation construction styles Second Edition 01/11/22 48