Lecture 2 - Anatomical Directions, Planes, Axes PDF

KINE 2320 Kinesiological Anatomy Anatomical terms Anatomical Planes and Axis Anatomical position o Most widely used & accurate for all aspects of the body o Standing in an upright posture o Facing straight ahead o Feet parallel and close o Palms facing forward Anatom...

KINE 2320 Kinesiological Anatomy Anatomical terms Anatomical Planes and Axis Anatomical position o Most widely used & accurate for all aspects of the body o Standing in an upright posture o Facing straight ahead o Feet parallel and close o Palms facing forward Anatomical directional terminology o Anterior (ventral) o In front or in the front part o Posterior (dorsal) o Behind, in back, or in the rear Anatomical directional terminology o Dorsal o Relating to the back or posterior/upper surface o Palmar/plantar Palmar Dorsal o Relating to the palm or bottom http://www.footeducation.com/images/fpi/fpi-plantar.png http://www.footeducation.com/images/fpi/fpi-dorsal.png Plantar Dorsal surface o “volar” Anatomical directional terminology o Lateral o on or to the side, outside o Medial o Relating to the middle or center o Median o Relating to the middle or center Anatomical directional terminology o Inferior (infra) o below in relation to another structure; caudal o Caudal o Superior (supra) o above in relation to another structure; higher, cephalic o Cephalic * Latin for Anatomists Anatomical directional terminology Anatomical directional terminology Combined Direction Terminology o Anterolateral o Anteromedial o Posteromedial o Posterosuperior Anatomical directional terminology Combined Direction Terminology o Inferolateral o Inferomedial o Superolateral o Superomedial  Anatomical directional terminology o Distal o situated away from the trunk, or away from the point of origin o Proximal o Nearest the trunk or the point of origin **Usually associated with the limbs  Anatomical directional terminology o Contralateral o Relating to the opposite side o Ipsilateral o On the same side o Bilateral o Both right and left sides Anatomical directional terminology o Superficial o Near the surface o Deep o Away from or below the surface Anatomical directional terminology o Prone o The body lying face downward o Stomach lying o Supine o Lying on the back; face upward position of the body o Spine lying  Body regions o Axial o Cephalic (Head) o Cranium & Face o Cervical (Neck) o Trunk o Thoracic (Thorax) o Dorsal (Back) o Abdominal (Abdomen) o Pelvic (Pelvis) o Peripheral o Upper limbs o Shoulder, arm, forearm, & hand o Lower limbs o Thigh, leg, & foot Planes of Motion o Imaginary two-dimensional surface through which a limb or body segment is moved o Motion through a plane revolves around an axis Cardinal Planes of Motion o Frontal (Coronal) o Sagittal o Transverse (Horizontal) Axes of rotation o For movement to occur in a plane, it must turn or rotate about an axis as referred to previously o The axes are named in relation to their orientation Cardinal Planes & Axes of Rotation ◼ Planes: ◼ Axes ◼ Frontal (Coronal) ◼ Anterioposterior ◼ Sagittal ◼ Mediolateral ◼ Transverse ◼ Longitudinal Axes of rotation o Medial-lateral axis o Runs medial/lateral at a right angle to sagittal plane of motion o Flexion, extension movements o Anterior-posterior (AP) axis o Runs anterior/posterior at a right angle to frontal plane of motion o Abduction, adduction movements o Longitudinal, Vertical, or long axis o Runs superior/inferior at a right angle to transverse plane of motion o Axial rotation, internal rotation, external rotation