Anatomy Introduction PDF

ANAPHY INTRO TO ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY ANATOMY “Ana” means Apart “Tomy” means To cut Gross Anatomy - Macroscopic Anatomy - Seen by the naked eye Microscopic Anatomy - Aided by the microscope PHYSIOLOGY “Physio” means Nature “Ology” means Study Chemistry...

ANAPHY INTRO TO ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY ANATOMY “Ana” means Apart “Tomy” means To cut Gross Anatomy - Macroscopic Anatomy - Seen by the naked eye Microscopic Anatomy - Aided by the microscope PHYSIOLOGY “Physio” means Nature “Ology” means Study Chemistry and Physics Function 2 MAJOR GOALS OF PHYSIOLOGY Body’s response to stimuli Maintaining homeostasis LEVELS OF ORGANIZATION OF THE HUMAN BODY Chemical level (Atoms to Molecule) Cellular level (Cells) Tissue level (Tissues) Organ level (Organs) Organ System level (Organs System) Organism (Human Organism) INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM It waterproofs the body and protects deeper tissues from injury Produces vitamin d (7am to 9 am) Forms the external body covering Excretes salts in perspiration and helps regulate body temperature. Location of the cutaneous receptors (pain, pressure, etc.), sweat and oil glands Senses changes in the body Stores fat and provides insulation ANAPHY INTRO TO ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY SKELETAL SYSTEM Protects and supports body organs Provides a framework that the skeletal muscles use to cause movement Blood cells are formed with bones Stores minerals in the form of calcium Site of blood cell formation (hematopoiesis) MUSCULAR SYSTEM Body Movements Maintains posture Produces body heat NERVOUS SYSTEM Activates muscle and glands Main control system of the body Fast acting control system of the body Responses to the environment (fight/flight response) ENDOCRINE SYSTEM Gland secrete hormones that regulate processes such as growth, reproduction and nutrient use of the body cells. CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM Blood transport which carries oxygen, co2 nutrients, wastes, etc. The heart pumps blood LYMPHATIC SYSTEM Picks up fluid leaked from blood vessels and returns it to blood Houses of WBC for immunity Involves basophils, eosinophils, neutrophils Disposes of debris RESPIRATORY SYSTEM Gas exchange Keeps blood constantly supplied with oxygen and removes co2 The nasal passages, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, and lungs DIGESTIVE SYSTEM Breakdown of foods into absorbable nutrients that enter the blood for distribution to body cells; indigestible foodstuffs are eliminated as feces. Small intestine: contains villi which aids in digestion and absorption of nutrients needed by the body ANAPHY INTRO TO ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY URINARY SYSTEM Removes foreign substances from the blood and lymph REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM Production of offspring Secretes hormones Testes produce sperm and male sex hormones; ducts and glands aid in delivery of viable sperm to the female reproductive tract. Ovaries produce eggs and female sex hormones; remaining structures serve as sites for fertilization and development of the fetus. Mammary glands of female breasts CHARACTERISTICS OF LIFE Maintaining Boundaries Movement Responsiveness Digestion Metabolism Excretion Reproduction Growth BASIC HUMAN NEEDS TO SURVIVE Nutrients Oxygen Water Stable Body Temperature Atmospheric Pressure COMPONENTS OF HOMEOSTASIS CONTROL SYSTEM 1) Receptors Responds to environmental changes via to stimulus (change in environment) 2) Afferent pathway Delivers the information from the receptors to the control center 3) Control Center Gives out the response Maintains and analyzes information 4) Efferent pathway Delivers the response from the control Center to the effector 5) Effector Response to stimulus ANAPHY INTRO TO ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY ANATOMICAL TERMINOLOGY (Greek or Latin derivative) PREFIX - Descriptive - location, number, quantity, size, color, etc. ROOT WORD - Subject - body part or system SUFFIX- Meaning - disease, disorder, condition, procedure, process specialty, test, etc. ANATOMICAL POSITION Stand erect Head and eyes directed forward Upper limbs at the side Palms facing forward Feet slightly apart and facing forward ANAPHY INTRO TO ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY ANAPHY INTRO TO ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY BODY REGIONS AXIAL - Head - Neck - Trunk APPENDICULAR - Upper Extremities - Lower Extremities - ANAPHY INTRO TO ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY SAGITTAL PLANE Top to Bottom and Front to Back Right to Left sections Median Sagittal Plane Parasagittal Plane FRONTAL PLANE Coronal Plane Top to Bottom and Right to Left Front (anterior) and Back (posterior) sections HORIZONTAL PLANE Axial / Transverse plane Right to Left and Front to Back Top (superior) and Bottom (inferior) sections ANAPHY INTRO TO ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY BODY CAVITIES Dorsal Cavity - Cranial Cavity - Vertebral Cavity Ventral Cavity Thoracic Cavity - Pleural Cavity - Pericardial Cavity Abdomino-Pelvic Cavity - Abdominal Cavity - Pelvic Cavity