Concepts of Health and Wellness Lecture PDF

UNIT 1B CONCEPTS OF HEALTH AND WELLNESS Mr. L Maqina LEARNING OUTCOMES!!! o Discuss the general goals that good health aims to achieve o Define the terms Health, Health Promotion, Exercise, Illness, Illness prevention, chronic disease, disease/illness treatment, time dependent aging and Li...

UNIT 1B CONCEPTS OF HEALTH AND WELLNESS Mr. L Maqina LEARNING OUTCOMES!!! o Discuss the general goals that good health aims to achieve o Define the terms Health, Health Promotion, Exercise, Illness, Illness prevention, chronic disease, disease/illness treatment, time dependent aging and Lifestyle in relation to human life. o Distinguish between structured and incidental daily physical activity/exercise through the use of examples o Discuss the concept of total fitness o Describe the dependency of wellness on good physical fitness. o Use examples of common educational strategies to reach health targets o Discuss the various coaching strategies used in the 5 stages of readiness in behavioral change o Identify the positive and negative variable affecting the readiness for behavioral change.  HEALTH GOALS(5) GOOD HEALTH AIMS TO ACHIEVE: Increase Increase the quality of life Increase Increase in physical activity levels Decrease in the incidence or retard the effects of Decrease hypokinetic disease Improve the health, wellness, and fitness of the Improve population Reduce Reduce the consumption of alcohol and cigarette abuse  Wellness is the integration of all aspects of health and fitness – mental, social, emotional, spiritual and physical THE Wellness will expand your CONCEPT capacity to work effectively and to make significant OF contributions to society WELLNES Wellness reflects a sense of well being about life as well as S one’s ability to function effectively Wellness as opposed to illness is sometimes described as a positive component of good health  PRESENCE or ILLNESS ABSENCE OF WELLNESS DISEASE HEALTH FITNESS FREEDOM FROM REVOLVES DISEASE AROUND Eg. Normal BP, optimal EXERCISE AND cardiovascular health, ACTIVE Ideal lipid profile, stress LIFESTYLE management, no smoking, ideal BMI ASSESMENT OF ASSESSMENT OF HEALTH BY FITNESS BY MEDICAL DOCTOR BIOKINETICIST COMPONENTS OF COMPONENTS OF ASSESSMENT INCLUDES ASSESSMENT  A medical history INCLUDES  Coronary risk factor analysis  Muscular endurance  A physical examination  Flexibility  Blood Tests  Body composition  Medical clearance for exercise  Muscular strength  Cardio-respiratory fitness EXERCISE IMPACTS ON HEALTH (Coopoo, 2000) AND PHYSICAL CONDITION  Health is the optimal well being that contributes to quality of life THE CONCEPT OF It is more than just the freedom of disease, HEALTH though freedom from illness is important to good health Optimal health includes high level mental, social, emotional, spiritual and physical fitness within the limits of one’s heredity, personal disabilities and environmental influences  ILLNESS AND LIFESTYLES Illness is the feeling and/or symptoms Lifestyles are associated with a patterns of behavior disease or or ways an individual circumstances that typically lives upset homeostasis  Hypo – means “under” or “too little” and “kinetic” means “movement or activity” THE CONCEPT Hypokinetic means lack of OF activity and or too little HYPOKINETIC activity DISEASE Examples of such conditions include heart disease, low back pain, adult onset diabetes, obesity etc  Exercise means human movement or physical activity THE CONCEPT The term includes OF formal (organised) – dance, games walking EXERCISE etc, and less formal activities In general large muscle activities rather than more specific muscle movement and relatively non taxing of small muscle groups  STRUCTURED AND INCIDENTAL DAILY ACTIVITY Structured exercise Daily incidental exercise Accumulating 30 FITT exercise- min of exercise on most days based programme Regularly using stairs, Structured, incidental walking for supervised chores, the dog, to strength training the bus or train at a programme, e.g. brisk pace 40 min X 3 times per week Physical activity through household chores, gardening, house maintenance Organised sports team participation – soccer Engaging in match cultural THE Physical fitness It consists of Although the CONCEPT OF is the body’s health- related development of ability to fitness, skill physical fitness function related fitness is the result of efficiently and and many things, PHYSICAL effectively performance related fitness optimal fitness is not possible without regular exercise FITNESS Performance Health related related fitness fitness benefits refers to fitness from a that is needed physically for maximal active lifestyle performance and relates to health  TOTAL FITNESS Total fitness Emotional Spiritual Physical Moral Social Health related Performance fitness Related fitness NB to sport, NB to all military & industry Related primarily Related to to athletic ability Functional health i.e. motor fitness For the improvement For the of/& maintenance enhancement of of health sport performance  HEALTH RELATED FITNESS COMPONENTS Morphological Components Cardiorespiratory Components Body mass Aerobic power index Heart and lung Body Bone function Blood pressure and composition density heart rate Muscular Components Metabolic and Motor Components Power Agility, balance Strengt and co-ordination h Glucose tolerance, Muscul insulin sensitivity, ar lipid profiles endura OPTIMAL HEALTH IS A COMBINATION OF: HEALTH AND WELLNESS HEALTH PROMOTION IS IMPORTANT ! DISEASE DISEASE/ DEATH PREVENTION ILLNESS  Health promotion is the science and art of helping people change their lifestyle to move toward a state of optimal health. Optimal health is defined as a balance of physical, emotional, social, spiritual, and intellectual health. HEALTH Lifestyle change can be facilitated PROMOTI through a combination of efforts to ON enhance awareness, change behaviour and create environments that support good health practices. Of the three, supportive environments will probably have the greatest impact in producing lasting change American Journal of Health Promotion, 1989,3,3,5 HEALTH RESPONSE Definition: Health related Is a change (improvement) in a performance set of specific measures of responses include: health or health related biological or performance measures Range of Health related motion biological measures include: Muscula Change s in r HDL-C endura aerobic capacit blood pressure, nce y cholesterol glucose or bone density  The principal goal of health is the increase in “healthy span of life” INCREASING THE SPAN OF The life expectancy is now at 72.98 HEALTHY years, but the average person can LIFE – expect to have 62 years of healthy life – GOAL OF the remaining years are characterized as HEALTH dysfunctional or lacking the wellness component Increasing the quality of life of all ages is important – “It is not important to add years to life, but rather life to the years”  Can assist a person to enjoy leisure time GOOD Can help an individual work more effectively and efficiently PHYSICAL FITNESS Is important to health promotion and feeling well IS IMPORTANT TO WELLNESS Is essential for effective living BECAUSE: May help you function safely and can assist in meeting unexpected emergencies, assist with fire or flood victims or changing a tyre  Disease/Illness Prevention – Altering lifestyles and environmental factors with the intent of preventing or reducing the risk of various illnesses and diseases Chronic disease – A disease or illness that is associated with lifestyle or environmental factors as opposed to DEFINITI infectious diseases ONS Disease/Illness Treatment – altering lifestyles and use of medical procedures to aid in rehabilitation or reduction in symptoms or debilitation from disease or illness Time dependent aging – the loss of function resulting from growing older METHODS TO ACHIEVE HEALTH TARGETS Target Result Preventa Reduce the risk for and tive incidence of CVD health Reduce risk for and musculoskeletal incidence of injury and illness Medical Improve efficiency of consumer health care utilization ism Improve self management of chronic illness  COMMON EDUCATIONAL STRATEGIES Strateg Description ies Topics such as stress Semina management rs Low back education, weight Phone-based management Phone based Classes programmes in Compute education Inter r- net based Self- Combining written help materials with materi audiotapesmore Becoming Individua l als prevalent  EVALUATION BASED PROGRAMME PLANNING Influenc Proce Goa ing ss ls factors measu Increase the percentage res Physical flexibility, activity – of Measure muscle exercisers physical Aerobic by 5% activity strength and fitness, levels endurance Tabac Reduce the co number non- of smokers by Skil 15% Achieve 25% Measure self ls of persons care and with chronic Percentage illness diseases in of retardation  THEMES AND OCCASIONS FOR PROMOTING HEALTH FAIRS Programme Health fair theme Occasions Month Nutrition Healthy Healthy Weights and Weight weight January control week March Nutrition Back Health month Correct May Healthy joints posture month May Arthritis month  Utilise Utilise a comprehensive approach Include on-site analysis of job stations Include and biomechanics Include Include management training BACK CARE AND Include employee educational INJURY Include programmes INITIATIVE Include Include ergonomic interventions Consid Consider on-site rehabilitation er Include ongoing education and reminder Include systems  COACHING STRATEGIES TAILORED TO SPECIFIC SATGES OF READINESS (TRANSTHEORETICAL MODEL) Stage Coaching Strategy 1. Assess personal health Assess personal priorities Precontemplation Assess readiness to act Inform client of importance, benefit, and achievement of taking action 2. Contemplation Ask open ended questions- readiness Avoid action oriented instructions- fitness class etc Assist client to understand advantages Help client identify positive role models COACHING STRATEGIES TAILORED TO SPECIFIC STAGES OF READINESS (2) Stage Coaching Strategy 3. Preparation Ask client to set goals Help client identify incentive Ask client to identify potential barriers Encourage client to act on goals 4. Action Reinforce clients good actions Encourage to track good record COACHING STRATEGIES TAILORED TO SPECIFIC STAGES OF READINESS (3) Stage Coaching Strategy 5. Reinforce clients good actions Maintenance Encourage client to review progress and revise goals Ask client to identify potential barriers Provide client with education material and handouts Encourage client to  POSITIVE AND NEGATIVE VARIABLES AFFECTING ADHERERNCE Negative Variables Positive Variables Inadequate leadership Instruction and motivation Time inconvenience Regular routine Musculoskeletal problems Freedom from injury Exercise boredom Enjoyment, variety, fun Individual commitment Group camaraderie Lack of progress awareness Progress, testing and recording Spouse and peer disapproval Spouse and peer approval Poor adherence Good adherence  Consciousness Raising - Increasing awareness about the healthy behavior. To progress through Dramatic Relief - Emotional arousal about the health the stages of change, behavior, whether positive or negative arousal. people apply cognitive, affective, Self-Reevaluation - Self reappraisal to realize the healthy and evaluative behavior is part of who they want to be. processes. 10 processes of Environmental Reevaluation - Social reappraisal to realize how their unhealthy behavior affects others. change have been identified with some processes Social Liberation - Environmental opportunities that exist to show society is supportive of the healthy behavior. being more relevant to a specific stage of change than other Self-Liberation - Commitment to change behavior based on the belief that achievement of the healthy behavior is processes. possible. These processes Helping Relationships - Finding supportive relationships result in strategies that encourage the desired change. that help people make and maintain Counter-Conditioning - Substituting healthy behaviors and change. thoughts for unhealthy behaviors and thoughts. Reinforcement Management - Rewarding the positive behavior and reducing the rewards that come from negative behavior. Stimulus Control - Re-engineering the environment to have reminders and cues that support and encourage the healthy behavior and remove those that encourage the unhealthy  REMINDER!!! QUIZ 1 24 -28 JULY 2023