Lecture 12 Healthcare Delivery System PDF

Concept of Nursing (NUR 104) Lecture 12 College of Nursing, PNU 1 Objectives: Identify the classifications of healthcare systems. Determine the types of healthcare delivery services. Describe the major categories of service provided by the healthcare delivery system....

Concept of Nursing (NUR 104) Lecture 12 College of Nursing, PNU 1 Objectives: Identify the classifications of healthcare systems. Determine the types of healthcare delivery services. Describe the major categories of service provided by the healthcare delivery system. Identify the types of healthcare settings. List the factors affecting healthcare delivery. College of Nursing, PNU 2 A health system is the sum total of all the organizations, institutions, and resources whose primary purpose is to improve health. (World Health Organization (WHO) The healthcare system needs to provide services that are:  Responsive  Financially fair  Treating people decently. Traditionally, the primary purpose of a healthcare system was to provide care to the ill and injured. However with increasing awareness of health promotion, illness prevention, and levels of wellness, healthcare delivery services are changing, as are the roles of nurses in these areas. College of Nursing, PNU 3 Classifications of healthcare service: Primary: Involves common health problems (e.g., sore throats, diabetes, arthritis, depression, or hypertension) and preventive measures (e.g., vaccinations or mammograms). Secondary: Involves problems that require more specialized clinical expertise such as hospital care for a patient with acute renal failure. Tertiary: Involves the management of rare disorders such as cancers and congenital malformations. The complexity of care varies according to: Individual’s need. Provider’s expertise. Delivery setting. College of Nursing, PNU 4 College of Nursing, PNU 5 Major categories of healthcare services: o Health promotion and maintenance. o Illness prevention. o Diagnosis and treatment. o Rehabilitation and health restoration. College of Nursing, PNU 6 1- Health Promotion: is behavior motivated by the desire to increase the levels of health and well-being and actualize or maximize the health potential of individuals, families, groups, communities, and society. For example: health education, exercise programs, and nutrition education. 2- Illness Prevention Programs: may be directed at the client or the community including identifying risk factors for illnesses and helping people take measures to prevent these illnesses from occurring. For example: providing immunization, mammogram, vision, and hearing screening 3- Diagnosis and Treatment: modern technology has enabled the medical profession to refine methods of diagnosing illness. For example: (3-D) ultrasonography creates 3-D images of structures such as fetal faces. 4- Rehabilitations: is the holistic process of restoring ill or injured people to optimum and functional levels of wellness. For example: rehabilitation programs forof Nursing, College stroke PNU or severe burns. 7 Types of healthcare settings: The public sector: includes official (governmental) agencies, voluntary agencies, and nonprofit agencies. At the national level, the Ministry of Health is administratively responsible for health care services delivered to the public. At the local level, a state department of health coordinates the activities of local health units. Voluntary and nonprofit agencies provide education to the general public and health care providers. These agencies are funded in a variety of ways including individual or donations. The private sector: The recipient of care directly pays the providers for services as they are provided. Health Care in Saudi Arabia:  Ministry of Health  Ministry of Defense and Aviation  National Guards  Ministry of Interior  Specialized Hospitals (KFSH)  University hospitals (Ministry of Education) College of Nursing, PNU 8 Factors affecting healthcare delivery: 1. Economics (Cost of Health Care): Paying for health care services is becoming a greater problem. The healthcare delivery system is very much affected by a country’s total economic status. The major reasons for cost increases are as follows:  Existing equipment and facilities.  The total population is growing especially the elderly.  Increase awareness that health is everyone’s right.  The cost of prescription drugs is rising. 2. Access to Health Care Services:  It is estimated that millions of people have no health insurance.  Lack of health insurance is related to low income.  On the other hand, low income is responsible for many infectious and chronic diseases. College of Nursing, PNU 9 Factors affecting healthcare delivery: 3. The homeless and the poor:  Poor physical environment and increased susceptibility to infection.  Inadequate rest, sleep, privacy, and nutrition.  Poor access to facilities for personnel hygiene.  Lack of social support.  Difficulty in adherence to treatment plan. 4. Quality of Health Care:  The inappropriate use of resources can be traced to several causative factors such as increased consumption of resources based on the belief that more is better.  Lack of access to and continuity of services results also in the misuse of acute care services. College of Nursing, PNU 10 References: Black, B, (2017). Professional Nursing: Concept & Challenges. 8th edition. USA: Saunders Publishing. The World Health Organization (WHO): retrieved from http://www.who.int/topics/health_systems/qa/en/ College of Nursing, PNU 11  Prepared by Miss. Hadil Ahmad Al Miglati Miss. Ohoud Ali Al Howaish Dr. Waad Hassan Ali Dr. Shorok Hamed Alahmedi College of Nursing, PNU 12