Community Health Nursing 1 Midterms PDF

MIDTERMS COMMUNITY HEALTH NURSING 1 WHO o Achieve gender equality and empower all women and girls...

MIDTERMS COMMUNITY HEALTH NURSING 1 WHO o Achieve gender equality and empower all women and girls GOAL 6: Clean Water and Sanitation Millennium Development Goals o Ensure availability and sustainable management of water and sanitation for all GOAL 7: Affordable and Clean Energy o Ensure access to affordable, reliable, sustainable and modern energy for all GOAL 8: Decent Work and Economic Growth o Promote sustained, inclusive and sustainable economic growth, full and productive employment and decent work for all GOAL 9: Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure o Build resilient infrastructure, promote inclusive and sustainable industrialization and foster innovation o The United Nations Millennium Declaration, signed in GOAL 10: Reduced Inequality September 2000, commits world leaders to combat poverty, o Reduce inequality within and among countries hunger, disease, illiteracy, environmental degradation, and GOAL 11: Sustainable Cities and Communities discrimination against women. The MDGs are derived from this o Make cities and human settlements inclusive, safe, resilient and Declaration. Each MDG has targets set for 2015 and indicators sustainable to monitor progress from 1990 levels. Several of these relate GOAL 12: Responsible Consumption and Production directly to health. WHO Response o Ensure sustainable consumption and production patterns o WHO works with partners to support national efforts to achieve GOAL 13: Climate Action the health-related MDGs. WHO’s activities include: o Take urgent action to combat climate change and its impacts o setting prevention and treatment guidelines and other global GOAL 14: Life Below Water norms and standards; o Conserve and sustainably use the oceans, seas and marine o providing technical support to countries to implement resources for sustainable development GOAL 15: Life on Land guidelines; o analyzing social and economic factors and highlighting the o Protect, restore and promote sustainable use of terrestrial ecosystems, United Nations: 17 Sustainable Development Goals broader risks and opportunities for health. sustainably manage forests, combat desertification, and halt Sustainable Development Goals and reverse land degradation and halt biodiversity loss GOAL 16: Peace and Justice Strong Institutions o Promote peaceful and inclusive societies for sustainable development, provide access to justice for all and build effective, accountable and inclusive institutions at all levels GOAL 17: Partnerships to achieve the Goal o Strengthen the means of implementation and revitalize the global partnership for sustainable development. DOH PHILIPPINE HEALTHCARE DELIVERY SYSTEM 2 MAJOR PLAYERS: Composed of 2 Sectors o Private Sector United Nations: 17 Sustainable Development Goals ○ for profit and nonprofit providers GOAL 1: No Poverty ○ Largely market providers o End poverty in all its forms everywhere (eradicate extreme ○ healthcare is paid through user fees at the point of poverty currently measured as people living on less than $1.25 service a day.) o Public Sector GOAL 2: Zero Hunger ○ Largely financed through tax based system at both o End hunger, achieve food security and improved nutrition and local and national health levels where health care promote sustainable agriculture are generally given free at the point of service GOAL 3: Good Health and Well-being HEALTH CARE DELIVERY SYSTEM o Ensure healthy lives and promote well-being for all at all ages o “the totality of all policies, facilities, equipment, products, GOAL 4: Quality Education human resources and services which address the health o Ensure inclusive and equitable quality education and promote needs, problems and concerns of the people. lifelong learning opportunities for all o It is large, complex, multi-level and multi-disciplinary.” GOAL 5: Gender Equality Rebadavia, Trisha Anne I. BSN 2F 1 MIDTERMS COMMUNITY HEALTH NURSING 1 THREE STRATEGIES IN DELIVERING HEALTH SERVICES (ELEMENTS) o DOH serves as advocate in adoption of health policies, plans o Creation of Restructured Health Care Delivery System (RHCDS) and programs to address national and sectoral concerns regulated by PD 568 (1976) ↓ o Management Information Systems regulated by R.A. 3753: Vital o shall spearhead sectoral planning and policy formulation & Health Statistics Law assessment at the national and regional levels o Primary Health Care (PHC) regulated by LOI 949 (1984): Enabler and capacity builder Legalization of Implementation of PHC in the Philippine o Innovate new strategies in health: CREATION OF RHCDS ○ To improve the effectiveness in health programs o RHO (National Health Agency) or existing national agencies like ○ To initiate public health discussions on health issues PGH or specialized agencies like Heart Center for Asia, NKI and undertaking o MHO & PHO(Municipal/Provincial Health Office) ○ disseminate policy research outputs to ensure informed the public participation in policy decision o BHS & RHU (Barangay Health Station/Rural Health Unit) -making THE DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH o Exercise oversight functions and monitoring and evaluation of o Mandated as the lead agency for health national health plans, programs and policies o It has a field office in every regions and maintains specialty o Ensure the highest achievable standards of quality health care, hospitals, Regional hospitals and medical centers health promotion and health protection Administrator of specific services o It also maintains provincial health teams made up of DOH MANAGES THE FOLLOWING representatives to the local health boards and personal o Selected National Facilities & Hospitals with modern and involved in the communicable disease control, especially for advanced facilities that shall serve as national referral centers Malaria and Schistosomiasis i.e special hospitals o Other national agencies providing health care services such as o Selected hospital facilities at (tertiary and subnational levels Philippine General Hospital are also part of this sector that are referral centers for local health systems (tertiary and Devolution of health services special hospital reference laboratories , training centers, center o LOCAL HEALTH SYSTEM for health promotion and centers for disease control & ○ Run by LGUs (Local Government Unit) prevention, regulatory offices etc. o PROVINCIAL DISTRICT HOSPITALS o Administer direct services for emergent health concerns that ○ Under the Provincial Government require new complicated technologies that it deems necessary o HEALTH CENTERS/RURAL HEALTH UNITS & Barangay HEALTH for public welfare STATIONS o Administer special components of specific programs like ○ Manage by the CITY/MUNICIPAL government Tuberculosis, Schistosomiasis, HIV AIDS in as much as will LOCAL HEALTH BOARDS benefit and affect large segments of the population o In every City, province and municipality chaired by the local o Administer health emergency response services including Chief Executive referral and networking system like Trauma, Injuries, o Functions mainly to serve as advisory body to the local catastrophic events in cases of epidemic and other executive to the local and the sanggunian or local legislative widespread public danger upon the direction of the President council on health related matters and upon consultation with the concerned LGU PRIVATE SECTORS o Includes for profit and non-profit health providers Department of health o Providing health services in clinics, and hospitals, health o VISION: Filipinos are among the healthiest people in the insurance, Includes for profit and non-profit health providers SouthEast Asia by 2022 and Asia by 2040 manufacture medicines, vaccines, medical supplies, o MISSION: To lead the country in the development of a equipment and other health and nutrition products, research productive, resilient, equitable and people centered health and development, human resource development and other system health related concerns Principles to attain the vision of DOH ROLES AND FUNCTIONS OF DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH o Equity: equal health services for all-no discrimination o Leadership in health o Quality: DOH is after the quality of service not the quantity o Administrator of specific services Philosophy of DOH : “Quality is above quantity” o Enabler and capacity builder o Accessibility: DOH utilize strategies for delivery of health LEADERSHIP IN HEALTH services o DOH serves as the national policy and regulatory board 4 CONTRIBUTIONS OF PHC TO DOH & ECONOMY: ↓ o Training of Health Workers o from which NGOs , LGU’s and other members of the health o Creation of Botika sa Baryo & Botika sa Health Center sectors involved in social welfare and development will anchor o Herbal Plants their thrust and directions for health ↓ o Oresol o DOH provides leadership in the formulation, monitoring and evaluation of the national policies, plans and programs ↓ Rebadavia, Trisha Anne I. BSN 2F 2 MIDTERMS COMMUNITY HEALTH NURSING 1 A. 3 Levels of Training: ○ S: Sambong o Grassroot/Village Includes Barangay Health Volunteers (BHV) ○ A: Akapulko ○ N: Niyog-niyogan and Barangay Health Workers (BHW) ○ T: Tsaang Gubat o Intermediate - these are professionals including the 8 ○ A: Ampalaya members of the PHWs First Line ○ L: Lagundi o First Line Personnel - the specialist ○ U: Ulasimang Bato ○ B: Bawang B. CREATION OF “BOTIKA SA BARYO & BOTIKA SA HEALTH CENTER” ○ B: Bayabas o RA 6675: Generics Act of 1988: Implementing “Oplan Walang ○ Y: Yerba Buena Reseta Program”-solution to the absence of a medical officer who prescribed the medicines so PHN are given the responsibility to prescribe generic medicines and “Walong 10 DOH Approved Herbal Medicine Wastong Gamot Program”- available generics in “Botika sa Baryo” & Health Center o Father of Generics Act: Dr. Alfredo Bengzon HERBAL MEDICINE 8 COMMONLY AVAILABLE GENERICS (CARIPPON) o As part of primary health care and because of the increasing Co Trimoxazole cost of drugs, the use of locally available medicinal plants and o it’s a combination of 2 generics of drugs which is antibacterial herbs in the Philippine backyard and field have been found to Trimethoprim(TMP) be effective in the treatment of common ailments as attested o Has a bacteriostatic action that stops/inhibits multiplication of to by the National Science Development Board, other bacteria For GUT, GIT & URTI (TMP combined with SMX) government and private agencies/ persons engaged in Sulfamethoxazole (SMX) research. o Has bactericidal action that kills bacteria o The DOH is advocating the use of the following ten herbal o For GUT, GIT, URTI & Skin Infections plants. Amoxicillin/Ampicillin REPUBLIC ACT 8423 o An antibacterial drug that comes from the Penicillin family o Otherwise known as TAMA (TRADITIONAL AND ALTERNATIVE o Effect is generally bacteriostatic (when source of infection is MEDICINE ACT OF 1997) bacterial) o An act creating the Philippine Institute of Traditional and o These 2 drugs provide the least sensitivity reaction (rashes & Alternative Health Care (PITAHC) to accelerate the GI) and the adverse effect of other antibiotics is anaphylactic development of traditional and alternative health care in the shock Philippines, providing for a traditional and alternative health TB DRUGS care development fund and for other purposes. o Rifampicin (RIF) 10 HERBAL MEDICINES APPROVED BY THE DOH o Isoniazid (INH) 1. Sambong 2. Akapulko o Pyrazinamide (PZA) 3. Niyog-niyogan o Ethambutol 4. Tsaang Gubat o Streptomycin 5. Ampalaya Paracetamol 6. Lagundi o Has an analgesic & anti-pyretic effect Acetyl Salicylic Acid 7. Ulasimang Bato (ASA) or Aspirin is never kept in the “Botika” because of its 8. Bawang effects: 9. Bayabas ○ Anticoagulant-highly dangerous to Dengue patients 10. Yerba Buena that’s why it’s not available in “Botika” & Health Reminders on the Use of Herbal Medicine Center o Avoid the use of insecticides as these may leave poison on plants. Oresol o In the preparation of herbal medicine, use a clay pot and o a management for diarrhea to prevent dehydration under the remove cover while boiling at low heat. Control of Diarrheal Diseases (CDD) Program o Use only the part of the plant being advocated. Nifedipine o Follow an accurate dose of suggested preparation. o An anti-hypertensive drug o Use only one kind of herbal plant for each type of symptoms or o According to DOH, 16% of population belonging to 25 years old sickness. & above in the community are hypertensive o Use only half the dosage prescribed for fresh parts like leaves when using dried parts. C. HERBAL PLANTS o Decoctions lose potency after some time. Dispose of o RA 8423: Alternative Traditional Medicine Law a program where decoctions after one day. To keep fresh during the day, keep patient may opt to use herbal plants especially for drugs that lukewarm in a flask or thermos. are not available in dosage form or patients has no financial o Leaves, fruits, flowers or nuts must be mature before harvesting. means to buy the drug Traditional Medicine: Less medicinal substances are found on young parts. o Use of herbal plants Rebadavia, Trisha Anne I. BSN 2F 3 MIDTERMS COMMUNITY HEALTH NURSING 1 o Stop giving the herbal medication in case untoward reaction USES: such as allergy occurs. o Diarrhea o If signs and symptoms are not relieved after 2 or 3 doses of o Stomach ache herbal medication, consult a doctor PREPARATION: o Boil the following amount of chopped leaves in 2 glasses of SAMBONG water for 15 minutes or until the amount of water goes down to 1 o A plant that reaches 1 ½ to 3 meters in height with rough hairy glass. Cool and strain. leaves. o Wash leaves and chop. Boil chopped leaves in 1 glass of water o Young plants around the mother plant may be separated when for 15 minutes. Cool and filter/strain and drink. they have three or more leaves. o Scientific Name: Blumea balsamifera AMPALAYA o Bitter Gourd or Bitter melon USES: o A climbing vine with tendrils that grow up to 20 cm long. o Anti-edema o Leaves are heart shaped, which are 5 to 10 cm in diameter. o Diuretic o Fruits have ribbed and wrinkled surfaces that are fleshy green o Anti-urolithiasis with pointed ends at length and have a bitter taste. PREPARATION: o Scientific Name: Momordica charantia o Boil chopped leaves in water for 15 minutes until one glassful USES: remains. Cool and strain. Divide decoction into 3 parts. Drink o Lowers blood sugar levels one part 3 times a day. o Diabetes Mellitus (Mild-non insulin dependent) o NOTE: Sambong is not a medicine for kidney infection PREPARATION: o Gather and wash young leaves very well. Chop. Boil 6 AKAPULKO tablespoons in two glassfuls of water for 15 minutes under low o Ringworm Bush fire. Do not cover the pot. Cool and strain. Take one third cup 3 o Bayas-bayasan times a day after meals. o This plant is about 1 to 2 meters tall o The leaves are embraced with 8 to 20 oblong elliptical shaped LAGUNDI leaflets o 5 Leaved-Chaste Tree o It has flowers with oblong sepals o A shrub growing wild in vacant lots and waste land. o Scientific Name: Cassia alata o Matured branches are planted. USES: o The flowers are blue and bell shaped. o Anti-fungal: Tinea Flava, Ringworm, Athlete ’s Foot and Scabies o The small fruits turn black when ripe. It is better to collect the PREPARATION: leaves when they are in bloom. o Fresh, matured leaves are pounded. o Scientific Name: Vitex negundo o Apply as a soap to the affected part 1 to 2 times a day. USES: o Asthma and cough NIYUG-NIYOGAN o Fever, Dysentery, Colds & Pain o Chinese Honey Suckle o Skin diseases and wounds o A vine which bears tiny fruits and grows wild in backyards. o Headache o The seeds must come from mature, dried but newly opened o Rheumatism, sprain, contusions, insect bites. fruits. o Aromatic bath for sick patients o Propagated through stem cuttings about 20 cm in height. PREPARATION: o Scientific Name: Quisqualis indica L. o For Asthma, cough and fever, boil chopped raw fruits or leaves USES: in 2 glasses of water left for 15 minutes until the water is left in o Anti-helmintic (used to expel parasitic worms.) only 1 glass (decoction). Strain. PREPARATION: o For Dysentery, colds and pain, boil a handful of leaves and o Seeds of niyug-niyogan are eaten raw two hours before the flowers in water to produce a glass full of decoction 3 times a patient’s last meal of the day. day. o Adults may take 10 seeds; children 4 to 7 years of age may eat o For skin diseases (dermatitis, scabies, ulcer, eczema) and up to four seeds only; ages 8 to 9 may take six seeds and seven wounds, prepare a decoction of the leaves. Wash and clean the seeds may be eaten by children 10 to 12 years old. skin/wound with the decoction. o Not to be given to children below four years old. o For headache, crushed leaves may be applied on the forehead. o For rheumatism, sprain, contusions and insect bites, pound the TSAANG GUBAT leaves and apply on the affected part. o Forest Tea or Wild Tea o A shrub with small, shiny nice-looking leaves that grows in wild uncultivated areas and forests. o Scientific Name: Carmona retusa Rebadavia, Trisha Anne I. BSN 2F 4 MIDTERMS COMMUNITY HEALTH NURSING 1 ULASIMANG BATO USES: o Silver bush or Shiny bush o For pain in different parts of the body as head ache, stomach o Pansit-pansitan ache o A weed with heart shaped leaves that grow in shady parts of o Rheumatism, arthritis and headache the garden and yard. o Cough and cold o Scientific Name: Peperomia pellucida o Swollen gums & toothache USES: o Menstrual and gas pain o Lowers uric acid (Rheumatism and Gout) o Nausea and fainting PREPARATION: o Insect bites & Pruritus o Wash the leaves well. One and a half cup leaves are boiled in PREPARATION: two glassfuls of water over low fire. Do not cover the pot. Cool o For pain in diff. parts of the body, boil chopped leaves in 2 and strain. Divide into three parts and drink each part 3 times a glasses of water for 15 minutes. Cool and strain. day a day. o For rheumatism, arthritis and headache, crush the fresh leaves PREPARATION: and squeeze sap. Massage sap on painful parts with o May also be eaten as salad. Wash the leaves well. Prepare one eucalyptus. and a half cups of leaves (not closely packed). Divide into three o For cough and cold, get about 10 fresh leaves and soak in a parts and take as salad 3 times a day. glass of hot water. Drink as tea. Acts as an expectorant. For toothache, cut fresh plants and squeeze sap. Soak a piece of BAWANG cotton in the sap and insert this in the aching tooth cavity. o Garlic Mouth should be rinsed by gargling salt solution before o A low herb and grows up to sixty cms high inserting the cotton. ○ To prepare salt solution: add 5g of table salt to one o Leaves are flat and linear glass of water. o Bulbs consist of several tubers o For Menstrual pain and gas pain, soak a handful of leaves in a o Scientific Name: Allium sativum glass of boiling water. Drink infusion. It induces menstrual flow USES: and sweating. o For hypertension Toothache Lowers cholesterol levels in the o For nausea and fainting, crush leaves and apply at the nostrils blood of the patient. PREPARATION: o For insect bites, crush leaves and apply juice on affected part o May be fried, roasted, soaked in vinegar for 30 minutes, or or pound leaves until paste-like and rub this on the affected blanched in boiled water for 5 minutes. Take two pieces three part. times a day after meals. o For toothache, pound a small piece and apply to the affected part. o CAUTION: Take on a full stomach to prevent stomach and intestinal ulcers. BAG TECHNIQUE BAYABAS Public Health BAG o Guava o Indispensable tool that should be organize to save time & effort and to prevent cross infection & contamination o A tree about 4 to 5 meters high with tiny white flowers with BAG TECHNIQUE round or oval fruits that are eaten raw. o Bag technique: A tool making use of public health bag through o Scientific Name: Psidium guajava which the nurse, during his/her home visit, can perform nursing USES: procedures with ease and deftness, saving time and effort with o For washing wounds the end in view of rendering effective nursing care o For toothache GUIDING PRINCIPLES IN THE USE OF PUBLIC HEALTH BAG: o For diarrhea o Content PREPARATION: ○ should be prepared by the one who will make home o Warm decoction is used for gargling. visit o Freshly pounded leaves are used for toothache. Guava leaves ○ Note: BP Apparatus is kept separately from PHN bag are to be washed well and chopped. Boil for 15 minutes at low o Cleaning fire. Do not cover the pot. Cool and strain before use. ✓ The inner part of the bag should be clean & sterile ✓ Should be done every after home visit YERBA BUENA ✓ Never endorse the bag o Peppermint o Contamination ○ The less one opens the bag, the lesser chance of o A small multi branching aromatic herb. The leaves are small, contamination elliptical and with toothed margin. ○ In general, the bag is open 3x: o The stem creeps to the ground, and develops roots. ✓ Putting out materials for hand washing o Scientific Name: Mentha cordifolia ✓ Putting out materials used for nursing care ✓ Returning all what have been used Rebadavia, Trisha Anne I. BSN 2F 5 MIDTERMS COMMUNITY HEALTH NURSING 1 o Care of Communicable Case(s) 8. After the procedure, wash hands under tap water ○ should be disinfected with the use of 70% isopropyl 9. Use cotton swab moistened with spirit and wipe outside of alcohol or Lysol which should be done at the health used bottles center and not at home 10. Wait for 5 minutes Community Bag 11. Return articles to the bag o A tool by which the nurse, during her visit will enable her to 12. Fold the used newspaper with the used side inside, and perform: return to the outside pocket. ○ Nursing procedure with ease 13. Close the bag. ○ Save time and effort 14. Write a report of what was observed, what was done, instructions given. o PURPOSE NURSE’S RESPONSIBILITY: ○ The bag is needed during each home, school or industrial visit. o The bag should contain all necessary articles, supplies and ○ For inspection of the client’s like: TPR. equipment. ○ For performing certain procedure’s like, urine o The bag and its contents should be cleaned. analysis, ante- natal assessment etc. o The bag and its contents should be well protected. SUPPLY AND EQUIPMENT: o Hand washing should be done frequently. 1. Outside Pocket o The bag should be cleaned thoroughly before re- using. ○ Towel o Record the procedure after performing. ○ Soap ○ Newspaper 2. Inside the bag: A. Cotton or plastic bag with: Continuation of DOH ○ Cotton swabs Referral System ○ Bandages ○ Small dressing packets o Referral System in Levels of the Health Care: B. Instruments and equipment o "Barangay Health Station (BHS) is under the management of ○ 1 Artery forceps Rural Health Midwife (RHM) " ○ 2 dissecting forceps o Rural Health Unit (RHU) is under the management or ○ 1 Scissor supervision of PHN " Public Health Nurse (PHN) caters to 1:10,000 ○ 1 Eye dropper population, acts as managers in the implementation of the ○ 1 Solution bowel policies and activities of RHU, directly under the supervision of ○ 1 Plastic kidney basin MHO (who acts as administrator) ○ 1 Oral thermometer 4 CONTRIBUTIONS OF PHC TO DOH & ECONOMY: ○ 1 Rectal thermometer o Training of Health Workers o Creation of Botika sa Baryo & Botika sa Health Center C. Solution and drugs o Herbal Plants ○ Plastic bottle with spirit o Oresol ○ Bottle of Dettol ○ Eye ointment A. TRAINING OF HEALTH WORKERS ○ Medications D. Other 3 Levels of Training: ○ Urinalysis kit o Grassroot/Village Includes Barangay Health Volunteers (BHV) ○ Inch tape and Barangay Health Workers (BHW) - Non professionals, didn’t ○ Plastic bag undergo formal training, receive no salary but are given ○ Rectal tube or funnel incentive in the form of honorarium from the local government ○ Syringe and needle since 1993 ○ Glass slide o Intermediate - these are professionals including the 8 ○ Fetoscope members of the PHWs o First Line Personnel - the specialist PRINCIPLES FOR USING BAG-TECHNIQUE: o Prevention of contamination B. CREATION OF “BOTIKA SA BARYO & BOTIKA SA HEALTH CENTER o Protection of the caregiver o RA 6675: Generics Act of 1988: Implementing o Make articles readily accessible o “Oplan Walang Reseta Program” o Make follow-up care ○ solution to the absence of a medical officer who PROCEDURES prescribed the medicines so PHN are given the 1. Select area of work responsibility to prescribe generic medicines and 2. Spread newspaper o “Walong Wastong Gamot Program” 3. Remove hand washing material ○ available generics in “Botika sa Baryo” & Health 4. Wash hands Center 5. Remove the apron from the bag and put it on o Father of Generics Act: Dr. Alfredo Bengzo 6. Remove needed equipment 7. Close the bag Rebadavia, Trisha Anne I. BSN 2F 6 MIDTERMS COMMUNITY HEALTH NURSING 1 8 COMMONLY AVAILABLE GENERICS (CARIPPON) o Co-Trimoxazole ○ it’s a combination of 2 generics of drugs which is antibacterial Trimethoprim(TMP) ○ Has a bacteriostatic action that stops/inhibits multiplication of bacteria ○ For GUT, GIT & URTI (TMP combined with SMX) Sulfamethoxazole (SMX) ○ Has bactericidal action that kills bacteria !For GUT, GIT, URTI & Skin Infections o Amoxicillin/Ampicillin ○ An antibacterial drug that comes from the ○ Penicillin family ○ Effect is generally bacteriostatic (when source ○ of infection is bacterial) ○ These 2 drugs provide the least sensitivity reaction (rashes & GI) and the adverse effect of other antibiotics is anaphylactic shock o TB DRUGS ○ Rifampicin (RIF) ○ Isoniazid (INH) ○ Pyrazinamide (PZA) ○ Ethambutol o Paracetamol: Has an analgesic & anti-pyretic effect o Acetyl Salicylic Acid (ASA) or Aspirin is never kept in the “Botika” because of its effects: ○ Anticoagulant - highly dangerous to Dengue patients that’s why it’s not available in “Botika” & Health Center o Oresol: a management for diarrhea to prevent dehydration under the Control of Diarrheal Diseases (CDD) Program o Nifedipine ○ An anti-hypertensive drug ○ According to DOH, 16% of population belonging to 25 years old & above in the community are hypertensive Rebadavia, Trisha Anne I. BSN 2F 7