Lecture 1.pdf

Introduction to System Development Environment Created by: Fraih Alhamdhawi  Introduction Earlier applications that used computers Airline Reservations were business applications, such as Airline Reservation Sys...

Introduction to System Development Environment Created by: Fraih Alhamdhawi  Introduction Earlier applications that used computers Airline Reservations were business applications, such as Airline Reservation Systems, Keeping records of transactions in an organization such as a bank, super markets etc.. or In Keeping records of Stock an warehouse to keep records of stocks. Keeping records of transactions  System  This term is derived from a Greek word system a which means an organized relationship among functioning units and components.  A collection of components that work together to realize some objective forms a system.  Basically there are three major components in every system, namely input, processing and output. Input Output Processing  Information Systems Introduction People Computers are now becoming part of virtually every activity in organization. Data Interface Their use has gradually expanded and now computers are increasingly used for Information everyday activities. such as human resources System management (HRM), production Process Technology An information system (IS) is an arrangement of people, data, processes, communications, and information Network technology that interact to support and improve day-to-day operations in a business, as well as support the problem- solving and decision-making needs of management and users.  Information Systems Decision Support Systems (DSS) Transaction Process System (TPS) Expert Systems (ES) Office Automation Systems (OAS) Type of Information Systems Executive Support Systems (ESS) Knowledge Work Systems (KWS) Group Decision Support Systems Management Information Systems (MIS) (GDSS) Computer-Supported Collaborative Work Systems (CSCWS)  Information Systems A systems analyst may be involved with any or all Strategic Level of these systems at each organization level Higher Level Knowledge Level Operational Level  Information Systems Transaction Process Systems (TPS): are Information systems that capture and process data about business transactions Or we can say Its is a program or software that processes all transactions that go in and of a business or a company. Eliminates the tedium of necessary operational transactions and reduces the time once required to perform them manually. TPS are boundary-spanning systems that permit the organization to interact with external environments. It is essential to the day-to-day operations of business that Transaction processing systems function smoothly and without interruption. Transaction Process Information Capture data  Information Systems Office Automation Systems (OAS): Systems that support wide range of business office activities. Knowledge Level These activities provide for improved work flow and communication between workers Supports data workers who share information, but do not usually create new knowledge Designed to support NOTE: Individuals ((Personal Information Systems)) OAS refers to Workgroups ((Work group Information Systems)) computer machinery and OAS: software used to digitally Support wide range of business office activities create, collect, Provide facilities for improved work flow and store, communication between workers manipulate, and Workers may not be located in the same office. relay office information.  Information Systems Knowledge Work System (KWS): Supports professional workers such as scientists, engineers, and doctors by Knowledge Level aiding them in their efforts to create new knowledge and by allowing them to contribute it to the organization or to society at large Examples: – Computer-aided design systems, – Virtual reality systems, – Investment workstations  Information Systems Management Information System (MIS): Provides Information needed to mange organization MIS is an information system application that provides for management Higher Level oriented reporting on -predefined schedule and appear in a prearranged format. - Support management functions of organization. - TPS are a subset of management information systems. MIS includes a wider spectrum which includes decision analysis and decision making.  Information Systems Decision Support System (DSS) Provides its user with decision-oriented information whenever decision making situation arises. Higher Level Sometimes called executive information system. Analysis of possible decision that will affect the decision Types of Support Simulation of possible solutions and their likely results. Identification of problems or decision making opportunities Identification of possible solutions and decisions access to information needed to solve a problem or make a decision  Information Systems Decision Support System (DSS) tools include: Higher Level Spreadsheets- PC-Database Custom Statistical (MS Excel) Management reporting tools Analysis Systems- (MS programs access)  Information Systems Expert System (ES): An expert system is a programmed decision making information system that: Higher Level It capture and reproduces the knowledge and expertise of a decision maker and Simulates the “thinking” of the expert. Artificial Intelligent (AI): Technology that captures stores, and provides access to the reasoning of the experts.  Information Systems Executive Support System (ESS): Helps executives by providing graphics to make unstructured strategic decisions by providing graphics and communication support technologies in accessible places. Examples: drill-down analysis, status access Strategic Level Group Decision Support System (GDSS) Aids in group collaboration permitting group members to interact with electronic support such as polling, questionnaires, brainstorming, and scenario creation. Can be used to minimize negative group behaviors – lack of participation, domination by vocal group members, and “group think” decision making. Examples: email, Lotus Notes Computer-Supported Collaborative Work System (CSCWS) is a more general term of GDSS, may include software support called “groupware” for team collaboration via network computers. Example: video conferencing, Web survey system  Information Technology Introduction Information Technology is an arrangement of computer technology and Telecommunication technology. IT – It is a term that describes the combination of computer technology consisting of hardware and software with Telecommunication technology consisting of data ,image and voice networks.  Stakeholder Stakeholder is any person who has an interest in an information system. System Users or clients Information System Development Consultants System Owners Teams usually consists of these 7 Stakeholders: stakeholder System Vendors Designer System System Analysts Builders  Stakeholder System Owner System Users System System Builders Venders System Analysts or clients Designer They pay for the system to be built and Use the system to maintained. Design the system to Technical specialists Sell Hardware, Software, People who understand perform or support the meet the users both business and They set the priorities involved with Construct, and services to business work to be completed. computing. for the system and requirements. test and deliver the Define the business determines the policies Information System into requirements and for its use. performance expectations operation. for the system to be built. They also may be system user  Stakeholder System Analyst Systems Analysis: understanding and specifying in detail what an information system should do Qualities of the Systems Analyst: - Problem solver What does a systems analyst - views the analysis of problems as a Identify the problem challenge and enjoys devising workable solutions Analyze and understand the problem - Communicator - Need enough computer experience to Identify the solution requirements program, to understand the capabilities of do? Identify alternative solutions computers, glean information requirements from users, and communicate what is Design and implement the best solution needed to programmers. - Strong personal and professional ethics Evaluate the result - Self-disciplined and self-motivated - must be able to coordinate other people as well as innumerable project resources  Stakeholder System Analyst System Design: specifying in detail how the parts of an information system should be implemented Systems System analysis and design focus Processes on three main things: Technology  Project Team Business Analyst Focuses on business issues surround the System Project Team Specialization System Analyst Focuses on IS issues surround the System Focuses on technical issues surrounding the ways the system Infrastructure analyst will interact with the organization's technical infrastructure Change management Focuses on the people and management issues surrounding the analyst system installation Highly experienced systems analyst and Ensures that the project Project Manager is completed on time and within budget  Why Need for Systems Analysis and Design Installing a system without proper planning leads to great user dissatisfaction and frequently causes the system to fall into disuse Lends structure to the analysis and design of information systems A series of processes systematically undertaken to improve a business through the use of computerized information systems  Roles of the Systems Analyst The analyst must be able to work with people of all descriptions and be experienced in working with computers Three primary roles: Consultant (from outside): a fresh perspective that other people in an organization do not possess, but …… Supporting Expert (inside): expertise concerning computer hardware and software and their uses in the business Serves as a resource for those who are working on and managing other projects Agent of change: a catalyst for change, develops a plan for change, and works with others in facilitating that change.  Thank You Created by: Fraih Alhamdhawi