Introduction To Medical Terminology Lecture 1 PDF

INTRODUCTION TO MEDICAL TERMINOLOGY Lecture 1 English Language Cente King Khalid University 2024 ✓Know what is medical terminology ✓ Know the characteristics of medical terminology ✓Understand basic principles of medical wor...

INTRODUCTION TO MEDICAL TERMINOLOGY Lecture 1 English Language Cente King Khalid University 2024 ✓Know what is medical terminology ✓ Know the characteristics of medical terminology ✓Understand basic principles of medical word building. ✓Practice understanding medical terms.  What is Medical terminology? A spec ial voc a bular y use d by he a lt h c a re professiona ls for effec t ive a nd a c c ura te c om munica tion. B a se d m a inly on G re e k a nd L a t in wo rds, it s c o nsist ent a nd unifo r m t hroug hout t he wor ld. I t is a lso effic ient; a lt ho ug h so m e o f t he t e r m s a re lo ng , t hey o ft e n re duce a n e nt ire phr a se t o a sing le wo rd. The one-word gastroduodenostomy stands for “a communication between the stomach and the first part of the small intestine”  What is Medical terminology? The medical vocabular y is vast and learning it may seem like learning the entire vocabular y of a foreign language. It is always expanding. The task seems overwhelming, but there are methods that can aid in learning and remembering words and can even help in making informed guesses regarding the meanings of unfamiliar words. Most medical terms can be divided into component par ts —roots, prefixes, and suffixes —that maintain the same meaning whenever they appear. By learning these meanings, you can analyze and remember many words  Word Parts 1) Word root : t h e f u n d ame ntal u n i t o f e ac h m e d i c al wo rd. T h i s e st ab lish es t h e b asi c m e an i ng of t h e wo rd an d i s t h e p ar t t o w h i c h m o d i f ying p re f i xe s an d su f f i xes are add e d. 2) A suffix : i s a sh or t word p ar t o r se r i e s o f p ar t s add e d at t h e e n d o f a roo t t o m odi f y i t s m e an i ng., Su c h as - i t i s. 3) A pre fix : i s a sh or t word p ar t adde d b e fore a root t o m odi f y i t s m e an ing., Su ch as p re. 4) c om bining for m s: wh e n a su f f i x b e gi n ning w i t h a c o n so nant i s adde d t o a ro o t , a vowel ( u su ally an o) i s i n ser t ed b et ween t h e root an d t h e su f f i x t o ai d i n p ronunc iation. A c o m b ining vowe l m ay b e adde d b e t we e n a root an d a su f f i x.]”  PREFIXES PREFIX WHAT IT DESCRIBES EXAMPLE AN-, A- without / lack of anemia = lack of red blood cells AB- away from abnormal = away from the normal AD- near / toward adrenal gland = gland near to the kidney BI- two / both bilateral Wilm's = tumor in both kidneys DYS- difficult / painful dysfunction = not working properly ECTO- outside ectopic pregnancy = outside the uterine cavity endoscope = an instrument to look inside the body cavities or ENDO- inside organs EPI- upon epidermis = the outer layer of skin HYPER- excessive / above hyperglycaemia = excessive blood sugar levels HYPO- beneath / below hypodermic = injection below the skin INTER- between intercostal = between the ribs INTRA- within / Inside intravenous = into a vein PARA- beside, about, near parathyroid = beside the thyroid gland PERI- around pericardium = membrane around the heart PRE- before prenatal = before birth POST- after post surgical stage = stage after surgery SUB- under / below submucosa = tissue below mucus membrane SYN- together with syndrome = group of symptoms occurring together Source: Online Etymology Dictionary. 2014  PREFIXES Size Direction and location Macro (large) Hyper (fast, elevated, Micro (small) overproducing, energetic) Megalo or Megaly (abnormally Hypo (slow, low, under-producing, large) low energy Tachy (rapid) Brady (slow) Extra (outside, excess, beyond) Endo (within) Intra (within) Inter (between, together, during) Peri (about, around, surround) Trans (across, beyond, through) Source: Online Etymology Dictionary. 2014  ROOT WORDS ROOT WHAT IT DESCRIBES EXAMPLE BLAST- germ, immature cell blastoma = a cancer made of immature cells CARCINO- cancer carcinogenic = cancer causing CARDIO- heart cardiotoxicity = toxicity to the heart CYTO- cell cytotoxic = toxic to the cell DERMA- skin dermatitis = inflammation of the skin HISTIO- tissue histology = study of tissue HEPATI- liver hepatoblastoma = liver cancer MALIGN- bad harmful malignant = growing, spreading NEPHRO- kidney nephrotoxic = harmful to the kidneys NEURO- nerves neuroblast = an immature nerve cell ONCO- mass tumor oncology = the study of cancer OSTEO- bone/bony tissue osteosarcoma = bone cancer PAED- child pediatric oncology = study of childhood cancer SARCO- tissue sarcoma = tumor of bone, muscle, or connective tissue TOXO- poison toxicology = study of poisons Source: Online Etymology Dictionary. 2014  FREQUENT ROOT WORDS Oste(o) Bone Myo Muscle Neuro Nerves Derm Skin Angi(o) Blood vessels Ven(o) or Phleb(o) Veins Cardio Heart Rhino Nose Neph Kidney Source: Online Etymology Dictionary. 2014  FREQUENT ROOT WORDS Cranio Skull Opthalmo or oculo Eye Oto Ear Thromb(o) Blood clot Hepato Liver Mamm(o) Breast Colo Large intestine Gastro Stomach Ileo Small intestine Thorac(o) Chest Pneumo or pleuro Lung Source: Online Etymology Dictionary. 2014  SUFFIX SUFFIX WHAT IT DESCRIBES EXAMPLE -AEMIA condition of blood leukemia = cancer of blood cells -ECTOMY excision / removal nephrectomy = excision of a kidney -ITIS inflammation hepatitis = inflammation of the liver -OLOGY study / science of cytology = the study of cells -OMA tumor retinoblastoma = tumor of the eye -PATHY disease neuropathy = disease of the nervous system -OSIS disease /condition necrosis = dying cells Source: Penguin Prof Pages. 2014 OTHER COMMON ROOTS AND SUFFIXES Tests and Procedures Echo- Using ultrasonic waves Electro- Using electricity - ectomy Removal of - gram Picture - graph(y) Process of making an image - otomy Making a cut in - scopy Using an instrument for viewing - stomy Create an opening Source: Penguin Prof Pages. 2014  REFERENCES Dictionary.com Unabridged. (2015). http://dictionary.reference.com/. Online Etymology Dictionary. (2014). http://dictionary.reference.com/. Penguin Prof Pages. [ThePenguinProf]. (2011). Medical Terminology [Video file]. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3fiEszFPRE8&feature=youtu.be. The American Heritage Science Dictionary. (2015). http://dictionary.reference.com/. The American Heritage Stedman’s Medical Dictionary. (2015). http://dictionary.reference.com/.  CARDIOLOGY Prefix: None Root: Cardio Suffix: -logy The study of the heart  HYPERPROLACTINEMIA Prefix: Hyper- Root: prolectin Suffix: -emia Condition of raised prolactin level in the blood.  APPENDICITIS Prefix: None Root: Appendic Suffix: -itis The inflammation of the appendix.  GASTROINTESTINAL Prefix: None Root: Gastr\o + itestin Suffix: -al Relating to both the stomach & intestine  ANESTHESIA Prefix: an- Root: esthes Suffix: -ia Loss of sensation  MUSCULOSKELETAL MUSCULOSKELETAL Prefix: Non Root: muscul\o + skelet Suffix: -al Related to muscles and skeleton