Lecture 1: Art as a Humanistic Discipline PDF

LECTURE 1 Art as a Humanistic Discipline Prepared by Dr. Allan C. Orate DR. ALLAN C. UE. DR. ALLAN C. DR. ALLAN ORATE, UE C. ...

LECTURE 1 Art as a Humanistic Discipline Prepared by Dr. Allan C. Orate DR. ALLAN C. UE. DR. ALLAN C. DR. ALLAN ORATE, UE C.  OBJECTIV a. Distinguish the humanities and the ES sciences as fields of learning. b. Survey the place of the humanities in the history of Western civilization. c. Relate the Western concept of humanities with the Filipino notion of personhood or pagkatao. d. Examine the history of art as a humanistic discipline. e. Compare and contrast the concepts of art according to Western thought and Filipino thought. f. Discover the Filipino identity DR. through ALLAN C. the UE. DR. ALLAN C.arts. ORATE, UE  READING 1.1. Panofsky, Erwin (1955). “The S History of Art as a Humanistic Discipline ” in Meaning in the Visual Arts. Australia: Penguin Books, 1955. pp. 1-25. 1.2. Covar, Prospero (1992). Kaalamang Bayang Dalumat ng Pagkataong Pilipino”, in http://www.journals. upd.edu. ph/index. php/djwf/article/viewFile/ 49 50/4459. 1.2. De Leon, FelipeDR. (2015). ALLAN C. UE. DR. “Defining ALLAN C. the Filipino ORATE, Through the UE Arts,”  VIDEOS 1.1. “Laura Morelli (2014). “Is there a difference between art and craft?” In https://www.you tube.com/watch? v=tVdw60eCnJI 1.2 “Xiao Time: Damian Domingo, Ama ng PHL Painting at unang pormal na gurong Filipino ng sining sa Pinas” (2014) in https://www.you tube.com/watch?v=3i8muLe9vss. 1.3. ANC-NCCA (2015). “Dayaw: Inukit, Hinulma, Nilikha (Iconic Symbols of the Indigenous)” EpisodesDR.3.ALLAN In C. https://www.you tube.com/wat ch?v=8KlO ORATE, UE UE. DR. ALLAN C. LECTURE S 1.1. Art as a Humanistic Discipline 1.2. The Humanities in Western Civilization 1.3. The Humanities and the Filipino Personhood (Pagkatao) DR. ALLAN C. UE. DR. ALLAN C. ORATE, UE  LECTURE 1.1 Art as a Humanistic Discipline DR. ALLAN C. UE. DR. ALLAN C. DR. ALLAN ORATE, UE C.  FRAMEWORKS AND PERSPECTIVES FIELDS OF LEARNING HUMANITI Science ES s Langua Histor Philosop ge y ART hy Art ART Creation APPRECIAT Artist ION C. DR. ALLAN UE. DR. ALLAN C. Practice Spectator ORATE, UE  THE TWO GENERAL FIELDS OF LEARNING THE THE SCIENCES HUMANITIE S Deals with Deals with natural, human physical phenomena phenomena UE. DR. ALLAN C. DR. ALLAN C.  PARADIGM FOR LEARNING IN THE SCIENCES SUBJECT- OBJECT-KNOWN KNOWER SCIENTIFIC METHOD “The scientist learns about things in the world.” UE. DR. ALLAN C. DR. ALLAN C.  PARADIGM FOR LEARNING IN THE HUMANITIES SUBJECT-KNOWER = OBJECT-KNOWN REFLEXIVE METHOD “The humanist learns about the self.” UE. DR. ALLAN C.  THE BASIC QUESTION IN THE HUMANITIES “Who am I?” UE. DR. ALLAN C.  THINKERS WHOSE THOUGHTS WERE THE BASIS OF METHOD IN THE HUMANITIES SOCRATES 469-399 BC “Know thyself.” WISDOM “Withdraw into yourself truth dwells in the inner man.” AUGUSTINE, 354-430 AD UE. DR. ALLAN C. DR. ALLAN C.  THE THE SCIENCES HUMANITIE S KNOWLEDGE WISDOM The scientist The humanist DR. ALLAN C. becomes a becomes a ORATE, UE LEARNED WISE MAN. MAN. UE. DR. ALLAN C.  THALES OF MILETUS (620-546 BC) A scientist tends to know everything about the world that he forgets to know anything about UE. DR. ALLAN C.  Who am I? What is the basic answer to this question? UE. DR. ALLAN C.  Who am I? “I am a human being.” UE. DR. ALLAN C.  “HUMANITI ES” DR. ALLAN C. UE. DR. ALLAN C. DR. ALLAN ORATE, UE C.  LECTURE 1.2 The Humanities in Western Civilization DR. ALLAN C. UE. DR. ALLAN C. DR. ALLAN ORATE, UE C.  Panofsky, “Art as a Humanistic Discipline” “HUMANITIES” LATIN ENGLISH humanitas “humanity” Gods in the state of divinitas perfection in heaven People in the state humanit of culture in as civilized society Savages in the barbarit state of nature for UE. DR. ALLAN C.  THE PLACE OF HUMANITIES IN THE HISTORY OF WESTERN CIVILIZATION ANCIENT COSMOCENTRIC VIEW HUM PROTAGORAS: Man is the measure of all 800 BC ANIT things. IES GEOCENTRISM: Man is at the center of the THEOCENTRIC VIEW universe. MEDIEVAL SCHOLASTICISM: Man is created in the 300 AD image of God Man is at the center of creation. RENAISSA ANTHROPOCENTRIC VIEW HUM HUMANISM: Nothing is more wonderfulANIT 1400 NCE than man. IES MODERN SCIENTIFIC-TECHNOCENTRIC VIEW Man is a part of nature. 1600 ECLECTIC VIEW HUM POSTMODE Man is a piece of everything. ANIT 1960 RN UE. DR. ALLAN C. DR. ALLAN C. IES  ANCIENT IMAGE OF COSMOCENT RICMAN: GEOCENTRIC THEORY Earth (Man) is the center of the universe. Ptolemy (100-170 AD) UE. DR. ALLAN C. Almagest DR. ALLAN C.  MEDIEVAL IMAGE OF THEOCENTRIC MAN Man is created by God. Escorial Beatus, Illuminated Manuscript, 10th Century UE. DR. ALLAN C. DR. ALLAN C.  RENAISSANCE IMAGE OF MAN: ANTROPOCEN TRIC MAN: Measure of all things Leonardo da Vinci Vitruvian Man, 1490 UE. DR. ALLAN C. DR. ALLAN C.  RENAISSANCE IMAGE OF ANTHROPOCENTRIC MAN The image of man is the image of God. Man is the measure of God. Michelangelo, UE. DR. ALLAN C. The Creation of Man (Sistine Chapel  MODERN IMAGE OF SCIENTIFIC-TECHNOCENTRIC MAN The scientist is detached observer of the objectified man. Rembrandt, UE. DR. ALLAN C. The Anatomy Lesson of Dr. Turf, 1642 Medio Cruz, Poleteismo, from Kulo Exhibit 2011 INSTALLATION ART POSTMODERN IMAGE OF ECLECTIC MAN UE. DR. ALLAN C.  HUMANISTIC DISCIPLINES HISTORY Human events happening in the world LANGUAGE Written and oral forms of human communication PHILOSOPHY Human reason concerning reality ART Admiration (ART APPRECIATION) of human- made objects and the human creativity (ART DR. ALLAN C. CREATION) UE. by which these objects DR. ALLAN C. ORATE,are UE made  ETYMOLOGY Professiona l& LATI ENGLIS Academic FINE N H Artist ART Architect ars “art” Skillful Sculptor production MAJOR or performance ART LIBERAL ARTARTIST ART SERVILE ARTARTISA CRAFT N MINOR Stone ART Cutter UE. DR. C. DR. ALLAN ALLAN ORATE, C.  WESTERN CONCEPT ART ACADEMIC Only schooled people are artists ELITIST Meant for the higher social class HIERARCHI Liberal art and servile art, high and low art, CAL major art and minor art or craft, fine art and practical art, folk art, indigenous art, popular art UE. DR. ALLAN C. DR. ALLAN C.  WESTERN CLASSIFICATION OF THE ARTS MAJOR ART Made by artists and primarily concerned with the form of beauty MINOR ART OR CRAFT Made by artisans and concerned with functionality and usefulness of human-made objects (artifacts) UE. DR. ALLAN C.  THE SEVEN MAJOR ARTS IN WESTERN CIVILIZATION Visual PAINTING SCULPTURE ARCHITECTUR E Performi MUSIC ng DANCE DRAMA Linguisti LITERATURE DR. ALLAN C. UE. DR. ALLAN C. c ORATE, UE  MINOR ARTS: CRAFT Ceramics Weaving Sewing Handicraft Carpentry Masonry Stone Cutting Gardening Cooking UE. DR. ALLAN C. Video  Michelangelo, Painting in the Ceiling of Sistine Chapel 1508-1512 Made by the artist and the artisans, but only UE. DR. ALLAN C. the artist  LECTURE 1.3 The Humanities and the Filipino Personhood (Pagkatao) DR. ALLAN C. UE. DR. ALLAN C. DR. ALLAN ORATE, UE C.  “HUMANITIES” LATIN humanitas ENGLISH “humanities” FILIPINO “pagpapakatao ? ” Mula sa “pagkatao” UE. DR. ALLAN C. “tao” DR. ALLAN C.  COVAR’S FILIPINO ANTHROPOLOGY KATAUHA PAGKAT N AO Biological: Cultural: Born as a human Becoming a human beingbeing Act of being human Process of becoming “personality” human “Madaling maging tao; mahirap “personhood” magpakatao.” “PAGPAPAKATAO” The process by which one becomes a human beingDR. ALLAN C. UE. DR. ALLAN C.  FILIPINO PERSONHOOD How does a human being become a Filipino? Manunggul Jar, 890- 710 BC, Tabon Cave, Palawan DR. ALLAN C. UE. DR. ALLAN C. ORATE, UE  Both came THE JAR AND THE from clay FILIPINO LAB PERSONHOOD AS LABAS LOOB ulo isip LOO dibdib damdamin B LALIM LALI kaluluwa budhi M UE. DR. ALLAN C. DR. ALLAN C.  LABAS NG PAGKATAO Katawan (Physical) kulay ng balat (maputi, maitim) tindig (matangkad, LOOB NG andak) ilong (matangos, pango) PAGKATAO dibdib (malapad, malaki) Kalooban (Intellectual, isip (matalino) Emotional ugali, and asal (mabuti) Moral) LALIM NG PAGKATAO Kaluluwa anito (banal) (Espiritual) UE. DR. ALLAN C. DR. ALLAN C.  NON-DUALISTIC RELATION OF TERMS LABAS LOOB malapad ng matalino salubongnoo ang matapang o malagkitkilay ang galit umiibig tingin maduming masamang bibig magsalita LALIM DR. ALLAN C. malinis ang matuwid ang ORATE, UE kaluluwa UE. DR. ALLAN C. budhi  NON-DUALISTIC RELATION IN FILIPINO PSYCHOLOGY LABAS LOOB hipo dama pigil timpi tawa tuwa saya ligaya DR. ALLAN C. UE. DR. ALLAN C.  THE “HUMANITIES” IN FILIPINO CONCEPT “PAGPAPAKATAO” The process how a human being becomes a Filipino FILIPIN ART O In the study of Humanities, as Pagpapakatao, the students would UE. discover DR. ALLAN C. and realize their C. DR. ALLAN  Filipe del Leon Jr. (2011) “Defining the Filipino through the Arts” CULTURAL IDENTITY “The worldview and values, beliefs systems, knowledge, skills and practices, core principles and ideas shared by.a society” FILIPIN O “Cultural identity is a sine qua non for becoming active in the world… a source of social empowerment. Rob a people of their identity and they become passive, lost, UE. DR. ALLAN C. DR. ALLAN C.  “The first objective of a colonizing power is to erase the cultural memory of the conquered people, to induce a collective amnesia about their past and supplant it with the culture of the colonizers. In this lie the roots of Filipino derivativeness and inferiority complex vis-a-vis the West.” Pre-Colonial Had our own cultural Period identity (Before Our identity destroyed by 1500’s) Colonial colonizers: Westernization Period of Filipino Culture making (1500-1950) us alienated from our own Post-Colonial Reclamation, affirmation and Period definition of our identify in UE. DR. ALLAN (1950C. our own terms DR. ALLAN C.  FILIPINO WESTER CULTURE N (Subordinat CULTUR FORMSed)OF ALIENATION CAUSED E BY WESTERNIZATION OF (Standa FILIPINO CULTURE rd) 1.Alienation from Community 2.Alienation from Our Sources of Cultural Energy: Thinking in Borrowed Forms and the Economics of Dependency 3.Alienation from Our Race: The Doña Victorina Syndrome: 4.Alienation from the Indigenous: Denigrating the Local UE. DR. ALLAN C. 5.Alienation from the Land DR. ALLAN C. Based on the picture illustrations, how do you explain “madaling maging tao;mahirap magpakatao”?  FILIPINO OTHER CULTURE CULTUR (Standard) ES Some Recommendations for Developing a Filipino and Humanistic Perspective 1.Heightening social consciousness and sense of responsibility to the nation. 2.Promoting people participation, local genius, and cultural diversity. 3.Promoting the local but thinking national or global: human communities, not the state, are the ultimate actors in the development process 4.Integrating the arts to social and cultural DR. ALLAN C. as lucid mirrors of DR. UE. phenomena ALLAN C. social  THE COMMUNAL CHARACTER OF PHILIPPINE TRADITIONAL CULTURES AS REFLECTED IN THE ARTS 1.Integration of the arts with other values and functions 2.Unity of the arts 3.Art is integrated with everyday life and not regarded as a separate activity. 4.Equality of opportunity for participation in the artistic and creative process. 5.Flexibility of material, technical, and formal requirements 6.Use of available resources for artistic creation 7.Emphasis on the creative process rather UE. DR. ALLAN C.than the finished product DR. ALLAN C.  FILIPI ARTS NO BECOMING FILIPINO THROUGH THE ARTS: The Process of Pagpapakatao “The arts can provide us the most vivid images of social relations and cultural values. They are perhaps the most lucid symbols of a people’s quality of being or consciousness. Contemplating DR. ALLAN C. the arts UE. DR. ALLAN C. is like reflecting on the ORATE, UE  LECTURE 1.4 The Filipino Concept of Art DR. ALLAN C. UE. DR. ALLAN C. DR. ALLAN ORATE, UE C.  Western Concept ART Academic Only schooled people are Elitist artists Meant for the higher social Hierarchicaclass High and low art, major art l and craft fine and practical art, folk, indigenous Filipino Concept ART Has no such Western UE. DR. ALLAN C. distinctions DR. ALLAN C.  Son of Chinese immigrants DAMIAN converted to Christianity, but DOMINGO thought to be a noble Spanish descent by the (1796-1834) Spaniards so that they commissioned him to paint Engaged by a merchant to paint, in miniaturismo style, albums of people wearing their daily costumes Had a vision of making art more accessible to the Filipinos (Indios) Founded the first Art School in the Philippines Escuela FATHER Dibujo y Pintura in Tondo Video OF Manila in 1821 1.2. PHILIPPI His patron was Sociedad UE. DR. ALLAN C. Economica de los Amigos Domingo, Tipos del Pais, Water color of Filipinos in native costumes UE. DR. ALLAN C.  JUAN LUNA (1857- 1899) Bachelor of Arts Degree, Ateneo Municipal de Manila. Enrolled in Academy of Fine Arts, Manila ACADEMIC Went to Europe in 1877, and studied in WESTERNI Escuela de Bellas Artes de San Fernando ZED Won gold medal in Exposicion Nacional FILIPINO de Bellas Artes in 1884 for Spoliarium PAINTER Commissioned by Spanish government to do paintings like La Batalla de Lepanto and El Pacto de Sangre UE. DR. ALLAN C. Arrested for murdering his wife and  Juan Luna, Spoliarium, 1884, Gold Medal, Exposicion Nacional NEOCLASSICAL STYLE UE. DR. ALLAN C. Felix R. Hidalgo, Las Virgines Cristiana espuestas al population, 1884, UE. DR. ALLAN C.  “…. In the history of mankind there are names which in themselves signify RIZAL’S an achievement…. To such belong the names of Luna and Hidalgo: their SPEECH splendor illuminates two extremes of the globe-the Orient and the Occident, Spain and the Philippines. As I utter them, I seem to see two luminous arches that rise from either region to blend there on high…to unite two peoples with eternal bonds; two peoples whom the seas and space vainly separate; two peoples among whom do not germinate the seeds of disunion blindly sown by men and their despotism. Luna and Hidalgo are the pride of Spain as of the Winning the exposition had proven that Philippines-though Filipinos born in the were equal with the Spaniards, so Philippines, thatmight they the Filipinos have been deserve the recognition born inof Spain, other for people in the genius has no world with equal dignity and respect. genius DR. ALLAN C. UE. DR. ALLAN C. country; bursts forth  Luna, España y Filipinas 1886 Philippi Wester ne n Art Art One positive way of looking at Filipino identity in the arts is to see Philippine Art as integrated in Western Art, and these two traditions are uniting and harmonizing with one another. UE. DR. ALLAN C.  Tolentino Bonifacio Monument 1933 NEOCLASSICISM UE. DR. ALLAN C.  Amorsolo, Planting Rice ROMANTIC REALISM RENAISSANCE ART IMPRESSIONISM UE. DR. ALLAN C. Manansala , Marketsce ne TRANSPAR ENT CUBISM UE. DR. ALLAN C.  Lamaroza Ecology Series 1978 SURREALI SM UE. DR. ALLAN C.  Joya Karate ACTION PAINTING ABSTRACT EXPRESSIO NISM UE. DR. ALLAN C.  Albor, Upward Duality COLOR FIELD PAINTI NG UE. DR. ALLAN C.  Tinalak, Tiboli Art UE. DR. ALLAN C.  Basey, Art of Colorful Mats from Samar-Leyte UE. DR. ALLAN C.  Pastillas Wrapper Art of Pampanga and Bulacan UE. DR. ALLAN C. Vinta Badjao Art UE. DR. ALLAN C.  Sarimanok Design Maranao Art UE. DR. ALLAN C.  Okir, Maranao Art UE. DR. ALLAN C.  Torogan, Maranao Art UE. DR. ALLAN C.  Maranao Brassware Art UE. DR. ALLAN C.  Burnay Jars of Ilocos UE. DR. ALLAN C.  PASIKING Ifugao Native Backpack UE. DR. ALLAN C.  Ling Ling O, Art of the Cordillera Group UE. DR. ALLAN C.  Bulul, Igorot Art UE. DR. ALLAN C.  COLORFUL ART OF THE PAROL Lanterns made of capiz shells with twikling light design UE. DR. ALLAN C. UE. DR. ALLAN C. PAHIYAS, ART OF LUCBAN QUEZON  Taka Art of Paete, Laguna UE. DR. ALLAN C.  JEEPN EY ART UE. DR. ALLAN C. UE.THE COLORFUL DR. ALLAN C. ART OF THE PHILIPPINE KALESA UE. DR.THE COLORFUL ALLAN C. ART OF TRICYCLE DESIGN UE. COLORFUL DR. ALLAN C. PHILIPPINE ICE CREAM CART UE.Laji of the DR. ALLAN C. Ivatan is literature and  Pasyon UE. DR. ALLANis C. literature, and pabasa is  Senakulo UE. DR. ALLAN C. is a theater art.  “daya w” Binisaya word that means good, valuable, superior or beautiful Video 1.3. UE. DR. ALLAN C.  “The principle of cultural identity does not mean that cultures cannot be criticized. If all cultures on earth are to survive, most of them have to change some of their beliefs and practices in order to become compatible with one another” (Felipe, 2011). FILIPIN IDENTI WESTE O TY RN The Philippine culture has to be dynamic in its relation with other cultures in the world. By harmonizing the Western and the Filipino concepts of art and its practice, a truly Philippine identity in the arts would emerge out of UE. DR. ALLAN the C. DR. ALLAN shared cultural universe, not C.  ACTIVITY AND ASSESMENT DR. ALLAN C. UE. DR. ALLAN C. DR. ALLAN ORATE, UE C.  ACTIVITY AND ASSESMENT a. Individual activity: Along the sidewalks or local shops, find a native Philippine product (work of art) such as basket, bracelet, hut, rags, textile, sandals, etc. b. Make a documentation of the artifact: Where did you buy it? How much? What is its local name? What is it made of? Its color, size? Other information? c. Write a one-paragraph essay answering the question: How does the product or artifact express the Filipino concept of art? DR. ALLAN C. UE. DR. ALLAN C. ORATE, UE  RUBRICS FOR ACTIVITY 1 Needs Excellent Good Fair Improveme CRITERIA (10-12 (7-9 points) (4-6 points) nt points) (1-3) Some Many There is no Documentation elements are elements are Documenta documentati of the artifact lacking in the lacking in the tion on is complete. documentation documentatio at all. n The essay The essay A large part of The essay Content answers the partially the essay does not and question answers the incorrectly answer the Substance completely and question answer the question at correctly. correctly. question. all. There are The essay The essay The essay is many has many Language abides with all understood mistakes in mistakes in and the rules of although there language, and language, Comprehen language, and are some DR. ALLAN C. the essay is and it is UE. sion DR. ALLANitC. is easily mistakes in ORATE, UE hard to totally not