Humanities and Arts (GED 108) PDF

LESSON 1: HUMANITIES AND ARTS GED 108- ART APPRECIATION  1 Academic disciplines that study the aspects of human society and culture WHAT IS In the Renaissance, the term contrasted HUMANITIES 2 with divinity and referred to what is now cal...

LESSON 1: HUMANITIES AND ARTS GED 108- ART APPRECIATION  1 Academic disciplines that study the aspects of human society and culture WHAT IS In the Renaissance, the term contrasted HUMANITIES 2 with divinity and referred to what is now called classics, the main area of secular study in universities at the time. ? the humanities are more frequently 3 contrasted with natural, and sometimes social sciences, as well as professional training. The humanities use methods that are primarily 4 critical, or speculative, and have a significant historical element as distinguished from the mainly empirical approaches of the natural sciences, yet, unlike the sciences, it has no central discipline. humanities include the study of ancient and modern languages, literature, philosophy, 5 history, archeology, anthropology, human geography, law, politics, religion and art.  Scholars in the humanities are "humanity scholars" or humanists. The term "humanist" also HUMANIST describes the philosophical position of humanism, which some "anti-humanist" scholars in the humanities reject. The Renaissance scholars and artists were also called humanists. Some secondary schools offer humanities classes usually consisting of literature, global studies and art. VITRUVIAN MAN LEONARDO DA VINCI Leonardo's "Vitruvian Man" is called that way because Leonardo was working over the writings of a Roman architect named Marcos Vitruvius. This image demonstrates the blend of mathematics and art during the Renaissance and demonstrates Leonardo's deep understanding of proportions. This picture represents a cornerstone of Leonardo's attempts to relate man to nature. Encyclopædia Britannica online states, "Leonardo envisaged the great picture chart of the human body he had produced through his anatomical drawings and Vitruvian Man as a cosmografia del minor mondo (cosmography of the microcosm). He believed the workings of the human body to be an analogy for the workings of the universe." According to Leonardo's preview in the accompanying text, written in mirror writing, it was made as a study of the proportions of the (male) human body as described in Vitruvius' De architectura. WHY STUDIES HUMANITIES? As the word humanities came Humans have the from the Latin characteristics of Contains the rationality, records of man’s “humanus” which quest for answers means human, benevolence and care, he is cultured to the cultured and fundamental and refined as refined, man is shown by good questions he asks taught to be as tastes and manner himself and about what the term indicative of good the world we live exactly means: and proper in being cultured education and refined;  composed of Humanities academic studies man and disciplines that devoted to the manner in make it distinctive understanding the which he in both content different conducts himself and method from phenomena within from the time of the physical and the human cultural biological sciences contexts his existence to and from the social the present sciences Humanities studies Humanities studies how people process how individuals’ and document the manner of expression human experience varies as they record using philosophy, human experiences religion, literature, and how the way of documenting these art and history as forms a connection their way of between and among understanding and humans of the past, recording the world present and future. FUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPLES OF HUMANITIES  Human nature is inherently good. Individuals are free and are capable of making choices. Human potential for growth and FUNDAMENTA development is virtually unlimited. L PRINCIPLES Self-concept plays an important role in growth and development. OF Individuals have an urge for self actualization. HUMANITIES Reality is defined by each person. Individuals have a responsibility to both themselves and to others. ART EXPLAINED Diverse range of diverse range of human activities in human activities in creating visual, creating visual, auditory or auditory or performing performing artifacts artifacts (artworks), (artworks), expressing the author's imaginative, expressing the conceptual ideas, or author's technical skill, imaginative, intended to be conceptual ideas, appreciated for their or technical skill, beauty or emotional intended to be power. appreciated for their beauty or Three branches of Classical Art Sculpture Painting Architecture NATURE OF ARTS  It refers to the skillful arrangement or composition of some Art constitutes common but one of the oldest significant qualities of nature such as Art is subjective as and most sounds, colors, lines, it employs the use important means movements, words, of perception, of expression stone and wood to insights, feelings express feelings, and intuition developed by thoughts, man. imaginations and dreams in an amazing, meaningful and enjoyable way. It is the heightened expression of It is man’s Art also provides human dignity expression of enjoyment and and weaknesses himself as an stimulation felt and shared so individual and how specially when powerfully in a he views his people understand world increasingly existence, them aware of its successes and failures  FORMS OF ART FUNCTIONAL ART NON-FUNCTIONAL FORMS ART FORMS The need for life to be better The need to express Architecture,weaving, aesthetics and beauty furniture-making Painting, sculpture, literature Music, dance, theatre LESSON 2: ARTS AND PHILOSOPHY PHILOSOPHY Philosophy is the study of general and fundamental questions about existence, knowledge, values, reason, mind, and language. Such questions are often posed as problems to be studied or resolved. The term was probably coined by Pythagoras. ARTS Art or Aesthetics, on the other hand, is the study of beauty and taste, concerned with the nature of art and used as a basis for interpreting and evaluating individual works of art. It is a branch of philosophy that deals with the nature of beauty and taste, as well as the philosophy of art. It examines subjective and sensori-emotional values, or sometimes called judgments of sentiment and taste. PHILOSOPHY OF ART Philosophy of art is the study of the nature of art, including concepts such as interpretation, representation and expression, and form. One cannot do away with philosophy when explaining an art work. Also, one cannot produce an artwork without considering the importance of the philosophy behind its production THE ARTISTIC PHILOSOPHERS  known for his Dialogues together with Socrates PLATO He loved and hated the arts at the same time which makes his philosophical views on art unexplainably complicated Plato was seen as a good literary stylist and great story teller and considered the arts as threatening. He believed that “ though arts can be used to train citizens to have an ideal society, using arts to accomplish this should be strictly controlled”.  He also explained that the For Plato, these Forms are The mind or soul belongs physical world is a copy of perfect Ideals, but they are to the Ideal world; the a perfect, rational, eternal also more real than body and its passions are and changeless original physical objects. He called stuck in the muck of the which he called FORMS. them "the Really Real". physical world. Plato’s Ideas of the Arts The world of the Forms is Self control, especially may be summed up by the rational and unchanging; control of the passions, is truths according to him the world of physical essential to the soul that that: appearances is changeable wants to avoid the and irrational, and only has temptations of sensuality, reality to the extent that it greed, and ambition, and 1. Art is imitation succeeds in imitating the move on to the Ideal 2. Art is dangerous. Forms. World in the next life.  Was a student of plato who first distinguished between “what is good and what is beautiful''. ARISTOTL For him, the universal elements of E beauty are manifested by order, symmetry and definiteness. As exemplified in his poetics, he stated that physical manifestation of beauty is affected by size.  Poets imitated the He considered art following according to Aristotle: as imitation or a representation of 1. Things and events which nature and his have been or still are; emphasis of the 2. Things which are said to be seen and are art is on POETRY probable and which for him is 3. Things which essentially more are. philosophical than Philosophy itself.  His main interest was not on art but on BEAUTY that it is a matter of TASTE. Kant explained that TASTE can be both IMMANU SUBJECTIVE and UNIVERSAL. EL KANT For KANT, beauty is a question of form and color is NOT IMPORTANT. The Kinds of Aesthetic Responses according to Kant are: 1. Beauty results in pleasure if there is order, harmony and symmetry; and 2. Beauty leads to a response of awe that overwhelms the viewers of the art. ARTIST VS. ARTISAN  ARTIST An artist is a person engaged in an activity related to creating art, practicing the arts, or demonstrating an art. The term is often used in the entertainment business, especially in a business context, for musicians and other performers (less often for actors). "Artiste" (the French for artist) is a variant used in English only in this context; this use is becoming rare. Use of the term to describe writers, for example, is valid, but less common, and mostly restricted to contexts like criticism.  ARTISAN An artisan (from French: artisan, Italian: artigiano) is a skilled craft worker who makes or creates things by hand that may be functional or strictly decorative Artisans practice a craft and may through experience and aptitude reach the expressive levels of an artist. Artisans were the dominant producers of consumer products before the Industrial Revolution. In ancient Greece, artisans were drawn to agoras and often built workshops nearby.  ART FORMS The arts refers to the theory, human application and physical expression of creativity found in human cultures and societies through skills and imagination in order to produce objects, environments and exp eriences Visual arts, literature, performing arts Whatever form of art one may use in expressing oneself, what is important is that his self expression and creativity are explicit. ARCHITECTURE Architecture is an art form that reflects how we present ourselves across the earth’s landscape, and, like other expressive mediums, it changes with styles, technologies and cultural adaptations represents human ideals in buildings like courthouses and government buildings and manifestations of the spirit in churches and temples. most functional of all the art forms SCULPTURE Hard or plastic materials are worked into three-dimensional art objects. The designs may be embodied in freestanding objects, in reliefs on surfaces, or in environments ranging from tableaux to contexts that envelop the spectator. An enormous variety of media may be used, including clay, wax, stone, metal, fabric, glass, wood, plaster, rubber, and random “found” objects. Materials may be carved, modeled, molded, cast, wrought, welded, sewn, assembled, or otherwise shaped and combined. PAI NTING Painting is the application of pigments to a support surface that establishes an image, design or decoration. Painting as a medium has survived for thousands of years and is, along with drawing and sculpture, one of the oldest creative media. DANCE Dance is the movement of the body in a rhythmic way, usually to music and within a given space, for the purpose of expressing an idea or emotion, releasing energy, or simply taking delight in the movement itself. Dance is a powerful impulse, but the art of dance is that impulse channeled by skillful performers into something that becomes intensely expressive and that may delight spectators who feel no wish to dance themselves. MUSIC Music is an art form, and cultural activity, whose medium is sound. General definitions of music include common elements such as pitch (which governs melody and harmony), rhythm (and its associated concepts tempo, meter, and articulation), dynamics (lo udness and softness), and the sonic qualities of timbre and texture (which are sometimes termed the "color" of a musical sound). THEATER Theatre or theater is a collaborative form of performinG art that uses live performers, typically actors or actresses, to present the experience of a real or imagined event before a live audience in a specific place, often a stage. The performers may communicate this experience to the audience through combinations of gesture, speech, song, music, and dance. LITERATURE Literature, most generically, is any body or collection of written work. More restrictively, literature refers to writing considered to be an art form or any single writing deemed to have artistic or intellectual value, and sometimes deploys language in ways that differ from ordinary usage. Literature is classified according to whether it is fiction or nonfiction, and whether it is poetry or prose. APPRECIATING ARTS Give a good Analyze the artwork in Perceive the art work in terms of what the artist the context of its history. physical wants his work to This would enlighten the description of the represent and the learners of the artist’s learner’s subjective intention in doing the artwork based on reaction to the works work and add to the their knowledge which includes their understanding of the thoughts and feelings; meaning the work is of art elements supposed to convey; and materials; Give meaning to the Judge the artwork as artwork based on its to whether it is good description, analysis or bad based on the and context; and learner’s perception of it and its aesthetic and cultural value.