Lecture 1: Introduction and Public Oration Needs (PDF)

LECTURE 1 Introduction and Public Oration Needs (Pengenalan dan keperluan pengucapan awam)  What is Communication? The word communicate comes from the Latin verb “Communicare” that means; o to impart o to participate o and to share...

LECTURE 1 Introduction and Public Oration Needs (Pengenalan dan keperluan pengucapan awam)  What is Communication? The word communicate comes from the Latin verb “Communicare” that means; o to impart o to participate o and to share 2  Communication can be defined as the process by which people share ideas, experience, knowledge and feelings through the transmission of symbolic messages. The means of communication are usually spoken or written words, pictures or symbols. But we also give information through body language, gestures, and looks, facial expressions can show how we feel and what we think about an issue or another person. 3 Most common ways to communicate SPOKEN WORD WRITTEN VISUAL COMMUNICATION WOR IMAGES BODY LANGUAGE 4  Basic Communication Model For communication to exit there must be at least four elements. 1. A sender / encoder 2. A receiver / Decoder 3. Message 4. Channel/Medium Speaker encoding message decoding listener In successfull communication sent =received 5  Basic Communication Model Encoder/ sender – Encodes the message – Chooses appropriate channel – Solicits feedback – Attempts to minimize the noise Encoding: the process of transferring the information you want to communicate into a form that can be sent and correctly decoded at the other end Decoder / receiver – Decodes the message – Practices active listening – Provides feedback Decoding: the process where the message is interpreted for its content. 6 Communication Processes and Types Communication Non Verbal Written Verbal 7  Communication Processes and Types Verbal Communication Spoken verbal communication, relies on both words, visual aids and non-verbal elements to support the conveyance of the meaning. Includes discussion, speeches, presentations, interpersonal communication and many other varieties. Non Verbal Communication (Body language) Facial expressions, gestures, paralanguage, body language, distance, eye contact, touch, and appearance Written Communication 8 Nonverbal Communication Most communication is NONVERBAL Sending and receiving messages without the use of words. Involves: appearance, gestures, posture, eye contact, facial expressions, spatial relations, and time. Public Speaking Is an Interactive Process Channel  Public Communication Public Speaking Responsibility to keep audience’s attention is on the speaker. Takes place when people gather in a unit that is too large for everyone to be able to talk and contribute. Feedback from the audience is primarily non verbal. Public Speaking In General Conversation with a point or purpose – Intentional speaking with spontaneity – Planned out ahead – Is addressed to many versus one or a few – The audience is considered and contributes – Is colorful and compelling Visualizations, Metaphors * Be careful – Denotative vs. Connotative  Five Canons of Rhetoric Invention—the Arrangement—the Style—word choice material, ideas, structure and and expression content organization Memory—how to Delivery—verbal prepare and and non-verbal remember to share what you prepared 13  Invention How to think of a topic and talk for a long period of time? The speaker needs to know enough about the subject that they are speaking about so they can present an authoritative knowledgeable presentation How to expand a topic? Deep understanding of subject matter Proper research techniques – what sources are good sources?  Arrangement Learn good ways to organize presentations How to become more organized? How to outline a speech? Is there an order of things to talk about? Style A decent vocabulary and grammar How to use humor? Does spelling count? How to share what I am feeling? Organizing intelligent thoughts into intelligent words  Delivery Confidence, loud, exciting voice, good body language Good eye contact vs. creepy eye contact Control of the breath Speed at which to speak Proper vocal tones, speaking Good posture; body language clarity and pronunciation Use visual aids better How to use hand gestures properly Memory I want to learn how to not start of good then forget something and freeze up Memorization How to make yourself calm and not lose your train of thought? Find a way to mentally keep track How to not need a word for word script? How to avoid too many notecards? Type of Speeches Speaking from Manuscript – In simple language, speaking from manuscript means reading the speech. – This is not the best way to deliver a speech in front of an audience but certainly, there are instances when this mode of delivery is necessary as with statements where no mistakes must be made.  Speaking from Memory – This means that in preparing a speech, you would write out a manuscript and then practice from it until you know it by heart. – This type of speaking has a few of the advantages but carries with it all of the disadvantages of the manuscript mode of delivery. – Unless you are an accomplished actor, you will find it difficult to deliver a talk from memory and to maintain a close contact with your audience at the same time. – Moreover, if you forget, you are lost. – It is said that if you should memorize a speech, it is best you prepare a manuscript and use it instead.  Speaking Impromptu – This type of presentation may be defined as one for which no immediate preparation has been made; a speaking situation where you are called, in most instances, unexpectedly but which requires you to ‘think on your feet’ and come up with a piece that you deliver on the spur of the moment. – Such a skill is not impossible to attain even if it may be difficult.  Speaking Extemporaneously – This type of delivery would be the most ideal. – This is delivering a prepared piece without the benefit of the manuscript. – The ideas, organization, supporting material of the piece to be delivered are thoroughly prepared well in advance and the delivery is practiced as well.  Purposes of Speech Informative – This speech serves to provide interesting and useful information to your audience. Some examples of informative speeches: – A teacher telling students about earthquakes – A student talking about her research – A travelogue about the Tower of London – A computer programmer speaking about new software  Demonstrative – This has many similarities with an informative speech. A demonstrative speech also teaches you something. The main difference lies in including a demonstration of how to do the thing you’re teaching. Some examples of demonstrative speeches: – How to cook – How to bake a cake – How to write a speech – How to… just about anything  Persuasive – A persuasive speech works to convince people to change in some way: they think, the way they do something, or to start doing something that they are not currently doing. Some examples of persuasive speeches: – Become an organ donor – Improve your health through better eating – Television violence is negatively influencing our children – Become a volunteer and change the world  Entertaining — The after-dinner speech is a typical example of an entertaining speech. The speaker provides pleasure and enjoyment that make the audience laugh or identify with anecdotal information. Some examples of entertaining speeches: – Excuses for any occasion – How to buy a condom discreetly – Things you wouldn’t know without the movies