NATS1610 A 6.0 - The Living Body (2024-2025) - Lecture 01 Notes - Welcome and Course Introduction PDF

Welcome to NATS 1610 A 6.0 “The Living Body” 1 Image from Juan Valverde de Amusco' s Anatomia del corpo humano (1560 ), page 64 “Hi Everyone!” NATS1610...

Welcome to NATS 1610 A 6.0 “The Living Body” 1 Image from Juan Valverde de Amusco' s Anatomia del corpo humano (1560 ), page 64 “Hi Everyone!” NATS1610 (FW 24-25) – Instructor (Course Director) n Dr. B. Barbara Czaban n Course Director & Lecturer n Room 217 A, Norman Bethune College n NOTE: working remotely FW 24-25 n Course E-mail (BEST way to contact me) n [email protected] n Note that there is no “s” after nat… n eClass Messaging is NOT used n Please don’t send messages through eClass because I will not receive them © JPM. Personal Image n Office Hours - Teaching Remotely during FW 24-25 n Please send email (there will be NO in-person meetings) 2  **IMPORTANT** DISREGARD THE INFORMATION ON SLIDE 3 OF THE LECTURE RECORDING (4:25 – 5:15 min) LAB SESSIONS will run during FW 24-25 Labs will be held in person AND will begin towards the END of September See the Course Outline for more information about the labs. A LIST OF DATES FOR ALL LAB EXERCISES & LAB SECTIONS will soon be posted in eClass All Labs Will Run In Room 137, Lumbers Building. NOTE: The exercises mentioned in the Lecture Recording will NOT be offered. 3  Check the Course Outline for more details about Academic Honesty to Copyright Notice become fully familiar with what you can and cannot do as a student – with course materials. Copyright © 2024-2025 Access to and use of the course materials is restricted to students enrolled in this course. All materials for this course are provided with the permission of the rights holder, under the terms of a licence or other agreement, or under the application of fair dealing or other statutory exceptions of the Copyright Act of Canada. Copyright and all rights are maintained by the author(s) or by other copyright holder(s). n Copyright © 2024-2025 B. Barbara Czaban. All Rights Reserved. n Unless specified otherwise, the text contained in these slides remain the property of myself, Dr. B. Barbara Czaban. n Reproducing, posting to other web site, or using this material for purposes outside of this course is prohibited. n Copying this material for distribution (e.g. uploading material to a commercial third-party website, such as COURSE HERO, CHEGG, etc) will lead to a violation of Copyright law. 4 Course Specific Web Site - eClass n https://eclass.yorku.ca n Instructions: n Log in with passport York account n Select “NATS1610 A – The Living Body (Full Year 2024-2025)” n eClass Set Up for this course n Opening Page n All important course announcements will be posted here (i.e., test information, etc) n Check often and regularly – it’s your responsibility to stay updated n Course Information (course outline, schedules, etc) n Course Topics (with all lecture notes, etc) n To quickly get to the Topic you want n Click on “Course Information” or the relevant “Topic” in the COURSE INDEX area on LEFT SIDE of the opening eClass page n See next slide for photo 5  This image shows the Current NATS1610 - FW 24-25 Opening Page More Topic areas will be added here as needed and this list will get longer 6 Course Format – BLENDED **NOTE CHANGE FROM RECORDING** (at 17:03-18:40 min in recording) Tests will be IN-PERSON and NOT ONLINE. LECTURES – Delivered in the Asynchronous ONLINE Format n Content will be posted as it becomes available – students view at their convenience n NO set days or times when content will be posted - NO regular Zoom sessions TESTS – Will be held IN PERSON – SEE CHANGES BELOW n Tests will be held IN PERSON at York University’s Keele campus n NOT through eClass – and will NOT be held on a Tuesday or Thursday n 2 Mid-Term tests – SCHEDULED ON WEEKENDS n One during the Fall, one during Winter n Dates will be posted in eClass soon n 2 End-of-Semester Tests n One during the Fall exam period AND one during Winter exam period n The Registrar will schedule the dates and times of these 2 tests LABS – Will be held IN PERSON – Students will attend lab meetings for the lab section indicated in their course time table. Schedules will be posted in eClass. 7  Let’s now take a look at what NATS1610 (The Living Body) Course will be about 8  As an Introduction to The Living Body, it’s a good idea to first LOOK AT the Human Body That the Body has Structure and Function n What does the Human Body look like? n What does it do? n The answers to these questions are pretty easy n All all we need to do is to refer to our OWN BODY! n Our body’s have arms, legs, a head, a bum, etc... n Our body’s can walk, sleep, eat, think, etc.. But what IS a body? n What is it made of? n What is it’s general design? n Why is it designed this way? Have you ever really considered WHY Your Body is designed the way that it is? 9 Fig. 11-22 - from Starr and McMillan, Human Biology, 9/ed, Brooks/Cole  Why is the Body designed the way it is? SOME CLUES come from understanding what a Body NEEDS to be “alive”. n Think about it… n What DOES your Body need to stay alive? Why? n What are the Body’s Design Features that allow it to STAY alive? SO – OUR BODY is designed to OBTAIN & USE FOOD and OTHER NEEDED MATERIALS to maintain itself Public Domain - https://www.needpix.com/photo/96698/fruits-vegetables-artichoke-banana-berries-cabbage-carrot-cut-eat 10 Public Domain - https://pixabay.com/vectors/water-bottle-jar-1838304/ Public Domain - https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Esophagus,_stomach,_small_intestine.jpg  At it’s most basic level – a Living Body is just… n A COMPILATION OF ATOMS and MOLECULES n A great number of different atoms that have come together (forming molecules) - in VERY PRECISE ways So – structurally, our body is made of atoms But what makes our body be “alive”? n A COALITION OF CHEMICAL REACTIONS!! n i.e., Interacting Molecules n THEIR INTERACTIONS CREATE An “Amazing Giant Molecular Machine” n This “MACHINE” has both STURCTURE and FUNCTION 1. Our Living Body is a “pretty miraculous STRUCTURE” of “microscopic design” 2. That’s capable of DOING almost “MAGICAL” things!!! 11 Amino Acid Structure - Techguy78 / CC BY-SA (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0) https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Amino_Acid_Structure.png  There’s more! n CELLS – are the BUILDING BLOCKS of our bodies n INSIDE each cell – master control molecules – DNA – with instructions: n What will the CELL look like? – how will the CELL function? – in what pattern will CELLS come together to form the body? – how will the BODY ultimately look and function? etc… n ORGANS – each is formed of billions of perfectly functioning & interacting cells n That are organized in specific ways – all working in perfect harmony to elicit specific functions n ORGAN SYSTEMS – “interdependent” groups of organs n all working toward the “common goal” of maintaining the Living Body n GROUPS OF ORGAN SYSTEMS form the whole ORGANISM (“The Living Body”) n Organization within the body – from system all the way to atoms! This is YOUR body !! 12 CELLS are the important BUILDING BLOCKS of the Body Because they’re the smallest units of life Healthy Cells = Healthy Bodies 13  Cells occur in various shapes – depending on their function Human cheek cells – for creating layers at body surfaces – barrier functions. Image from https://micro.magnet.fsu.edu/primer/techniques/dic/dicgallery/ cheekcellslarge.html Nerve cells – for transporting messages to other cells. 14 Image from: https://www.sciencenews.org/article/see-these-first-kind-views-living-human-nerve-cells Cells INTERACT to Form Tissues, the Organs – The Body The “LINK” to this web site is posted in the Activities for Lecture 1 Check out some of the structures in this web site to see how cells connect with other cells to FORM body parts, for example… (also, see the next slides) n Adrenal Gland – cortex, medulla n Appendix, part of Large Intestine n Bronchus – tubes that allow air to reach the lungs n Eosophagus – tube that leads to stomach – many cell layers for protection n Fallopian Tube – tube through which egg cell travels to reach uterus n Gall Bladder – a sac that stores and releases bile that was made in liver – has folds for stretching n Heart Muscle – walls of heart – cells not uniformly aligned to enable “heart shape” - cells filled with contractile muscle protein fibres n Kidney – for filtering blood and forming urine n Skeletal Muscle – connected to bones – cell aligned uniformly to enable uniform contraction/relaxation - cells filled with contractile proteins n Intestines – for absorbing nutrients and water – many folds maximize surface area n Testis – male sex organ – sperm made in seminiferous tubules – tiny tubes for sperm passage 15  https://www.proteinatlas.org/learn/dictionary/normal NOTE: This link has been updated and the page it now opens to looks a bit different - but it has the same information as seen in the lecture recording. 16  Check out how cells interact to form a structure 17 https://www.proteinatlas.org/learn/dictionary/normal  At very high magnification we see the BEAUTY of interacting cells! 18 https://www.proteinatlas.org/learn/dictionary/normal  And, it’s “Interacting Cells” that FORM THE BODY during prenatal development !! And the really cool thing is that a developing body knows how to form ALL ON ITS OWN! 19 The Body Begins as a Fertilized Egg Cell - Cell division & cell differentiation lead to the formation of the Living Body 20  Also, it’s “Interacting Cells” that create the body’s “FUNCTIONS” (Functions are based on the design of the Structures) 21  The Living Body’s Structures are ORGANIZED and POSITIONED for Perfect FUNCTION Head with MOUTH & TEETH 22 http://arbl.cvmbs.colostate.edu/hbooks/pathphys/digestion/ basics/anatomy.html Fig. 19.1, from Tortora and Grabowski, Introduction to the Human Body, 6ed., Wiley In Summary n Cells build the body – much like bricks build a house n And it’s the ACTIVITY of cells and groups of cells that form the Living Body n Tissues, organs, arms, legs, eyeballs, etc… n And – looking a bit deeper – we discover that atoms and molecules (chemicals) are the building blocks that form cells n So, at the most basic level - we are just a bunch of atoms interacting in some pretty spectacular ways! 23  IN THIS COURSE We’ll explore some basic concepts of Anatomy & Physiology To gain an understanding about the STUCTURES & FUNCTIONS of the Living Body 24  COURSE OBJECTIVES (See course outline for a detailed list) To acquire an understanding of: n What “being alive” means n The underlying chemical nature of the human body – and why food is important n The amazing structures and functions of the human body, including n Cells, Tissues, Organs, and Organ Systems n How these work to maintain the body n How the body protects itself through it’s immune system n The mechanisms of several complex physiological processes at the cell & molecular levels – including muscle contraction, nerve impulse propagation, etc.. In essence – you’ll acquire an understanding of YOU! And - I HOPE that you’ll: n Recognize how, what you’ll be learning in this course, applies to YOU & YOUR body n And that you’ll start being AWARE of your body - as it’s functioning in the moment 25  IN CLOSING - watch this video to see some “magic” Conception to birth -- Visualized by Alexander Tsiaras (9.37 minutes) The “LINK” to this video is posted in the Activities for Lecture 1 26 Bottom figures - Fig. 20.04 - from Shier et al., Hole’s Essentials of Human Anatomy and Physiology, 10th ed. McGraw-Hill