Mechatronics System Components PDF

Chapter 2 Mechatronics System Components Mechatronics System Components Mechanical System Input Signal Actuators Sensors Motors (DC, AC, Stepper), Potentiometer, LVDT, RVDT...

Chapter 2 Mechatronics System Components Mechatronics System Components Mechanical System Input Signal Actuators Sensors Motors (DC, AC, Stepper), Potentiometer, LVDT, RVDT Conditioning Solenoids, Voice coils Strain gauge, Thermocouple & Interfacing Hydraulic Encoder, Accelerometer Amplifiers, Filters Pneumatic Proximity, Switches ADC, DAC MEMS, RTD Discrete circuits Output Signal Digital Control USER INTERFACE Conditioning Architectures Inputs: & Interfacing Microcontroller  keyboard, Mouse, PLC  Touch screen, Buttons Power Amplifiers, Power Transistors Logic circuits, Outputs: DAC, Control algorithms  LCD, LED, Recorders, PWM Logic, Arithmetic Monitor/screen Communication Mechatronics System Components Signal Sensors Conditioning Controller (Micro- Mechanical controller, System PLC, Power etc.) Actuators Amplifiers Mechatronics System Components  Mechatronics System Components 1. Mechanical System  Moving parts like gears, pulleys, chains, belts, cams, mechanisms, drives, screw, etc.  Mechanical System (a)Leadscrew or ball screw and nut (b) Pulley system (c) Rack and pinion  Mechanical System Mechanical closed-loop control system for liquid level MECHANICAL SYSTEM 35 regulation using all mechanical components.  Mechanical System MECHANICAL SYSTEM 36 Mechanical “Governor” concept for automatic engine speed control system using all mechanical components.  Mechatronics System Components 2. Electronic and Electrical System  Actuators, sensors, microcontroller, analog- digital and digital-analog converters, amplifiers, filters, relays, switches, etc.  Mechatronics System Components 3. Information System  Software 4. User Interface Application Control speed regulation Interface Navigation  Mechatronics System Components 1. Actuators: Produce motion or cause some action.  DC motor, Stepper motors, servomotors, hydraulics, and pneumatics 2. Sensors: Detect the state of the system parameters, inputs and outputs.  Switches, Potentiometer, Strain gauge, Thermocouple, and digital encoder 3. Input signal conditioning and interfacing: Provide connection between the control circuits and the I/P.  Discrete circuits, Amplifiers, Filters, A/D  Mechatronics System Components 4. Digital control architectures: Control the system.  Logic circuits, microcontroller, and PLC. 5. Output signal conditioning and interfacing: provide connection between the control circuits and the O/P.  D/A, Amplifiers, and Power transistors. 6. Graphical Display: Provide visual feedback to users.  LEDs, Digital displays, LCD, and CRT.  Sensors A sensor is an element in a mechatronics or measurement system that detects the magnitude of a physical parameter and changes it into a signal that can be processed by the system. The physical quantities such as Position, Sensors Distance, Force, Strain, Temperature, Vibration, and Acceleration.  Sensors A sensor provides feedback to the controller so that it knows the actuator is doing work.  Sensors also used so that a controller can detect and respond to changing conditions in its working environment.  A sensor is a transducer that converts a physical stimulus from one form into a more useful form to measure the stimulus. Sensor  Sensors Output Types Analog Sensor Discrete Sensor  Produces a continuous  Produces that can only analog signal such as have certain values voltage Binary Sensor Digital Sensor  Produces ON/OFF  Produces digital output signal only signal in form of parallel status bits or series of pulses  ANALOG VS. DIGITAL Property Analog Digital Continuous voltage or Representation Binary Number current Limited by the Precision Infinite range of values number’s length Storage Impossible Possible  Analog To Digital Conversion Most physical signals are analog. Analog signals are captured by sensors or transducers. Examples: Temperature, sound, pressure, … Need to convert to digital signals to facilitate processing by the microcontroller. The device that does this is analog-to-digital converter (ADC).  Analog To Digital Conversion  Analog to digital conversion (ADC) is the process of converting analog voltage signal to a representative digital format so it can be easily processed or stored in a computer.  It is an essential part of the Data Acquisition Process.  A/D CONVERTER & D/A CONVERTER Analog to Digital Digital to Analog The A/D and D/A converters as circuit blocks  ACTUATORS Actuator provides the source of mechanical power in a mechatronic system. Actuators are an intermediate step between the converted control signal and the final control element. Common actuators are electrical (solenoids, digital stepping motors, ac and dc motors), pneumatic actuators, hydraulic actuators, etc. Actuators could be Linear or Rotary.  ACTUATORS  A device that is responsible for moving and controlling a mechanism or system  Rotary Actuator  Linear Actuator BASIC HYDRAULIC SYSTEMS OVERVIEW Cylinder Relief Motion Valve Control Valve Cylinder Pump Filter Tank Cooler  Embedded Systems ‫ﺍﻷﻧﻅﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﻣﺩﻣﺟﺔ‬  The term embedded system is used where microprocessors are embedded into systems and it is this type of system we are generally concerned with in mechatronics.  A combination of hardware and software which together form a component of a Mechatronics systems.  An embedded system is designed to run on its own without human intervention, and may be required to respond to events in real time. Parts of an Embedded System USER Embedded System I/O MEMORY PROCESSOR HARDWIRED UNIT Application-specific logic Timers A/D and D/A conversion ENVIRONMENT  Embedded Systems Applications  Communications  Automotive  Military  Medical  Machine Control  What is a Microcontroller?  A small computer on a single integrated circuit containing a microprocessor, memory, I/O ports and sometimes A/D converters.  Designed for embedded applications (remote controls , appliances, power tools,…)  It can be programmed using several languages (such as Assembly or C/C++).  What is a Microcontroller?  Microcontrollerscontain the following components: 1. Microprocessor - ranging from simple 8-bit to sophisticated 64-bit processors 2. Input/Output interface ports 3. Timers and Interrupts 4. RAM for data storage 5. ROM, EEPROM or Flash memory for program 6. Storage 7. Many include A/D converters and serial ports  ARDUINO  Arduino Uno  Arduino Mega  Arduino pro  Arduino pro mini Arduino Uno Arduino mega  Arduino micro Arduino pro mini Arduino pro Arduino micro