Week1 DM312 AJ (2).pdf

Introduction to DM312 Lecture 1: Mechatronics & Functional Design Dr Aleksandar Josifovic Welcome to DM312 In this session: Part 1 • Introduction to the module, • Mechatronics and Functional design Part 2 • Group work, • Practical exercise Class administration • Myplace DM312 class in now open...

Introduction to DM312 Lecture 1: Mechatronics & Functional Design Dr Aleksandar Josifovic Welcome to DM312 In this session: Part 1 • Introduction to the module, • Mechatronics and Functional design Part 2 • Group work, • Practical exercise Class administration • Myplace DM312 class in now open • Each week we will open the next lecture • Attendance and non-attendance • MDF • Teaching plan • Feedback • Assessment (100% exam) Class teaching plan Introduction to Mechatronic fundamentals Introduction to Control theory Introduction to Mechatronic applications Teaching plan for 2023/2024 Part 1 - Mechatronics and Functional Design Term ”Mechatronics” 1960s 1980s 2000s The term mechatronics was first used in Japan and was associated with robots Introduction of microprocessors into mechanical systems, significantly improving performance Advances in computational intelligence, computing power and wider use in everyday consumer products Read more: https://robotics.kawasaki.com/ja1/xyz/en/1807-01/ Ethos of Mechatronics “...the success of a mechatronic design project does not only depend on the specialized skills of the designers but perhaps even more on their abilities to communicate and visualize their ideas to the rest of the project group.” Buur, Jacob, and Mogens Myrup Andreasen. "Design models in mechatronic product development." Design studies 10.3 (1989): 155-162. Mechatronic Design Its central focus is the integral development of systems from technical components ("Mecha''), which are to be intelligently controlled ("tronic''). Mechatronic systems are physical, mechanical products that use electronics and software to “think” and react intelligently to stimulus and input from sensors and users. Mechatronics - smart devices, intelligent devices. Mechatronic Design • A system can be thought of as a box that has an input and an output. Input SYSTEM Output • We are not concerned with what is in the box to convert the input to the required output. • E.g. Input Electrical power Motor Output Rotation Gearbox Output Slower or faster rotation Mechanical systems • • • • • Geared systems, chain drives, etc Levers, linkages Pneumatics Hydraulic Cams and followers (early control system) • Others…. Electrical systems • Sensors • Signal Conditioning • For display • For feedback • Display systems • Others…. Control systems • Getting something to do what you want • …you can ‘control’ it... • E.g. temperature control of a room • Go and stop actions • Open or closed loop systems • Feedback control • any more examples? • Car headlights, light sensors, speed sensors etc Where is mechatronics? Products: • • • • • • • • Washing machines E-bikes CD-players Photocopiers Cars UAVs Robots … Source: RPI Mechatronic challenges – expertise required • Mechatronic products are highly integrated Manufacturing Problem • Presents a challenge to both: • Designers – expertise required • Design Process – concurrent approach • Requires use of overlapping models: • To show cross-disciplinary features of design • To share information across disciplines Technology Definition Marketing Management Materials Design for Manufacure & Assembly Aesthetics Conceptual Design Industrial Design & Ergonomics Mechatronics Education & Training Quality, Standards & Safety Working Practices • Requires knowledge of relationships across dimensions Analysing a Mechatronic System Generalised mechatronic system World Information Domain Processor Energetic Domain Actuators System Environment Sensors Characteristics of mechatronic systems • • • • • • • • General complex with high levels of integration Increased functionality with respect to conventional systems Transfer of function from mechanical – electronics & software domains System assumes responsibility of process allowing operator to concentrate on procedures Distributed processing with devolved intelligence Multi-sensor environment System operation generally transparent to user Multi-programme environment with user selection Specific mechatronic system Processors: World Camera processor Flash processor Information Domain Lens processor Actuators: Shutter Focusing Zoom Aperture Processor Energetic Domain Actuators System Sensors Sensors: Focus Exposure Zoom Lens attachment Environment https://www.cambridgeincolour.com/tutorials/camera-autofocus.htm Digital camera - mechatronic system Flash Local processor Flash setting Zoom Exposure data Flash interface User interface User Selects procedure Composes picture Body Main processor Exposure control Focus control Lens interface Lens Local processor Focussing drive Aperture control Zoom Digital camera - mechatronic system Flash Local processor Flash setting Zoom Exposure data Flash interface Sensors? User interface User Selects procedure Composes picture Body Main processor Exposure control Focus control Lens interface Lens Local processor Focussing drive Aperture control Zoom Digital camera - mechatronic system Flash Local processor Flash setting Zoom Exposure data Flash interface Actuators? User interface User Selects procedure Composes picture Body Main processor Exposure control Focus control Lens interface Lens Local processor Focussing drive Aperture control Zoom What is a functional design? Function definition: “Function is a mode of action or activity by which a thing fulfils its purpose.” - Oxford Dictionary. “A specific or discrete action that is necessary to achieve a given objective” – Blanchard and Fabrycky.” Functional design: “The functionality design principle is the idea that designs should be functional and capable of fulfilling their intended purpose.” Read more: https://bootcamp.uxdesign.cc/functionality-design-principle-6d74e687fd4f Functional model as a mechatronic design aid – process perspective Mechanical Engineers Electronic Engineers Control Engineers Computer Scientists Functional model as a mechatronic design aid – process perspective Flash Local processor Flash setting Zoom Exposure data Mechanical Engineers Flash interface User interface User Selects procedure Composes picture Body Main processor Exposure control Focus control Lens interface Lens Local processor Focussing drive Aperture control Zoom Functional model as a mechatronic design aid – process perspective Flash Local processor Flash setting Zoom Exposure data Electronic Engineers Flash interface User interface User Selects procedure Composes picture Body Main processor Exposure control Focus control Lens interface Lens Local processor Focussing drive Aperture control Zoom Functional model as a mechatronic design aid – process perspective Flash Control Engineers Local processor Flash setting Zoom Exposure data Flash interface User interface User Selects procedure Composes picture Body Main processor Exposure control Focus control Lens interface Lens Local processor Focussing drive Aperture control Zoom Functional model as a mechatronic design aid – process perspective Flash Computer Scientists Local processor Flash setting Zoom Exposure data Flash interface User interface User Selects procedure Composes picture Body Main processor Exposure control Focus control Lens interface Lens Local processor Focussing drive Aperture control Zoom Functional model as a mechatronic design aid – process perspective Flash Mechanical Electronic Computer Control Engineers Engineers Engineers Scientists Local processor Flash setting Zoom Exposure data Flash interface User interface User Selects procedure Composes picture Body Main processor Exposure control Focus control Lens interface Lens Local processor Focussing drive Aperture control Zoom Mechatronic Modelling approaches Modelling a mechatronic system Buur, Jacob, and Mogens Myrup Andreasen. "Design models in mechatronic product development." Design studies 10.3 (1989): 155-162. Modelling a mechatronic system • • • • Information and dataflow models Power and energy flow models State and transition models Morphological charts • • • • Sequence diagrams Function-means tree Hierarchy diagram Timing diagrams Modelling a mechatronic system • • • • Information and dataflow models Power and energy flow models State and transition models Morphological charts • • • • Sequence diagrams Function-means tree Hierarchy diagram Timing diagrams Modelling a mechatronic system • • • • Information and dataflow models Power and energy flow models State and transition models Morphological charts • • • • Sequence diagrams Function-means tree Hierarchy diagram Timing diagrams Modelling a mechatronic system • • • • Information and dataflow models Power and energy flow models State and transition models Morphological charts • • • • Sequence diagrams Function-means tree Hierarchy diagram Timing diagrams Modelling a mechatronic system • • • • Information and dataflow models Power and energy flow models State and transition models Morphological charts • • • • Sequence diagrams Function-means tree Hierarchy diagram Timing diagrams Modelling a mechatronic system • • • • Information and dataflow models Power and energy flow models State and transition models Morphological charts • • • • Sequence diagrams Function-means tree Hierarchy diagram Timing diagrams Modelling a mechatronic system • • • • Information and dataflow models Power and energy flow models State and transition models Morphological charts • • • • Sequence diagrams Function-means tree Hierarchy diagram Timing diagrams Modelling a mechatronic system • • • • Information and dataflow models Power and energy flow models State and transition models Morphological charts • • • • Sequence diagrams Function-means tree Hierarchy diagram Timing diagrams Part 2 – Practical Exercise Practical Exercise • Collect yourselves into groups of 4 or 5 • Choose an existing non-mechatronic product and make it intelligent through mechatronic design • Doesn’t have to be practical – have fun with it! 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Assign roles within your group as designer/user/manufacturer to identify functional viewpoints (choose design functions) Group the functions of your design into bounding and defining viewpoints (central and nice-to-have functions) Produce a function-means tree for the primary function Produce a flow diagram for this primary function Choose the sensors, actuators and processors you will use and identify the energetic and information domains