Introduction to Mechatronics chapter 1 (1).pdf

 Chapter 1: Introduction to Mechatronics Systems Mechanical engineering, as a widespread professional practice, experienced a surge of growth during the early 19th century because it provided a necessary foundation for the rapid and successful development of the industrial revolution  At...

 Chapter 1: Introduction to Mechatronics Systems Mechanical engineering, as a widespread professional practice, experienced a surge of growth during the early 19th century because it provided a necessary foundation for the rapid and successful development of the industrial revolution  At that time, mines needed large pumps never before seen to keep their shafts dry, iron and steel mills required pressures and temperatures beyond levels used commercially until then, transportation systems needed more than real horse power to move goods, manufacturing moved from the shop bench to large factories; and to support these technical achievements, people began to specialize and build bodies of knowledge that formed the beginnings of the engineering disciplines.  What precisely is mechatronics? The term mechatronics is used to, Denote a rapidly developing, interdisciplinary field of engineering dealing with the design of products whose function relies on the integration of mechanical and electronic components coordinated by control architecture https://www.virginiawestern.edu/academics/stem/programs/mset.php  The primary disciplines important in the design of mechatronic systems include mechanics, electronics, controls, and computer engineering. A mechatronic system engineer must be able to design and select analog and digital circuits, microprocessor-based components, mechanical devices, sensors and actuators, and controls so that the final product achieves a desired goal.  Today, practically all mechanical devices include electronic components and some type of computer monitoring or control. Therefore, the term mechatronic system encompasses a myriad (countless number) of devices and systems. Increasingly, microcontrollers are embedded in electromechanical devices, creating much more flexibility and control possibilities in system design. Examples of mechatronic systems include an aircraft flight control and navigation system, automobile air bag safety system and antilock brake systems, automated manufacturing equipment such as robots and numerically controlled (NC) machine tools, smart kitchen and home appliances such as bread machines and clothes washing machines, and even toys. Components in a typical mechatronic system 1. Actuators: produce motion or cause some action (Output) 2. Sensors: detect the state of the system parameters (Input) 3. Digital devices: control the system 4. Conditioning and interfacing circuits: provide connections between the control circuits and the input/output devices 5. Graphical displays: provide visual feedback to users. Mechatronic System: Robotics A robot is a machine designed to execute one or more tasks automatically with speed and precision. There are as many different types of robots as there are tasks for them to perform. https://youtu.be/9cpHBNsSphM Robots that resemble humans are known as androids; however, many robots aren't built on the human model. Industrial robots, for example, are often designed to perform repetitive tasks that aren't facilitated by a human-like construction. A robot can be remotely controlled by a human operator, sometimes from a great distance. https://youtu.be/otNT_Ncnvlg  Nowadays, many industries are using robots due to their high level of performance and reliability and which is a great help for human beings. The obstacle avoidance robotics is used for detecting obstacles and avoiding the collision. This is an autonomous robot. The design of obstacle avoidance robot requires the integration of many sensors according to their task.  Mechatronic System — Home appliance control Automatic control of home appliances is highly demand nowadays. By using mechatronics systems, you can design a circuit which specially meet the requirements of the control home appliances through any remote control device that is portable within the periphery of the room, or remotely like your cell phone Mechatronic System — Copy Machine An office copy machine is a good example of a contemporary mechatronic system. It includes analog and digital circuits, sensors, actuators, and microprocessors. The copying process works as follows: The user places an original in a loading bin and pushes a button to start the process; the original is transported to the platen glass; and a high intensity light source scans the original and transfers the corresponding image as a charge distribution to a drum. Next, a blank piece of paper is retrieved from a loading cartridge, and the image is transferred onto the paper with an electrostatic deposition of ink toner powder that is heated to bond to the paper. A sorting mechanism then optionally delivers the copy to an appropriate bin. Analog circuits control the lamp, heater, and other power circuits in the machine. Digital circuits control the digital displays, indicator lights, buttons, and switches forming the user interface. Other digital circuits include logic circuits and microprocessors that coordinate all of the functions in the machine. Optical sensors and micro switches detect the presence or absence of paper, its proper positioning, and whether or not doors and latches are in their correct positions. Other sensors include encoders used to track motor rotation. Actuators include servo and stepper motors that load and transport the paper, turn the drum, and index the sorter. Mechatronic System — Car engine management Car engine management system consists of many electronic control systems involving microcontrollers, the engine control system being one, its aim is to control the amount of fuel to be injected into each cylinder, ignition, Engine revolution limit, turbochargers wastage control, variable cam timing and gear controls. The system consists of sensors supplying, after suitable signal conditioning, the input signals to the microcontroller and its providing output signals via drivers to actuate actuators. CLASS DISCUSSION /Household Mechatronic Systems What typical household items can be characterized as mechatronic systems? What components do they contain that help you identify them as mechatronic systems? If an item contains a microprocessor, describe the functions performed by the microprocessor. MEASUREMENT SYSTEMS A fundamental part of many mechatronic systems is a measurement system composed of the three basic parts illustrated in the above figure. The transducer is a sensing device that converts a physical input into an output, usually a voltage. The term sensor is often used to refer to the transducer or to the combination of transducer and signal processor. The signal processor performs filtering, amplification, or other signal conditioning on the transducer output. Finally, the recorder is an instrument, a computer, a hard-copy device, or simply a display that maintains the sensor data for online monitoring or subsequent processing. 2 0 Example: Measurement System—Digital Thermometer The following figure shows an example of a measurement system. The thermocouple is a transducer that converts temperature to a small voltage; the amplifier increases the magnitude of the voltage; the A/D (analog-to-digital) converter is a device that changes the analog signal to a coded digital signal; and the LEDs (light emitting diodes) display the value of the temperature.