Lec 1 Joints of the spine and thoracic cage 2.pdf

Joints of the vertebrae •Symphysis (intervertebral disc) •Synovial joints (zygapophyseal) SYMPHYSIS (intervertebral disc) A"achment of vertebral bodies. Hyaline car7lage layer. Components • Anulus fibrosus • Nucleus pulposus SYMPHYSIS (intervertebral disc) Height: increases from craneal to caudal...

Joints of the vertebrae •Symphysis (intervertebral disc) •Synovial joints (zygapophyseal) SYMPHYSIS (intervertebral disc) A"achment of vertebral bodies. Hyaline car7lage layer. Components • Anulus fibrosus • Nucleus pulposus SYMPHYSIS (intervertebral disc) Height: increases from craneal to caudal. The range (amount) of movement relative thickness to body SYMPHYSIS (intervertebral disc) Anulus fibrosus • Concentric layers • Inverse oblique fibers • Avascular • No innervation SYMPHYSIS (intervertebral disc) Nucleus pulposus • Acellular matrix. • Composi3on: 80% water, rest collagen and proteoglycans. • Notochord . Bergknut N. Intervertebral disc degeneration in the dog. Vet J. 2013 SYMPHISIS (intervertebral disc) Physical properties • Incompressible • Deformable • Absorbs compression forces. SYMPHYSIS (intervertebral disc) SYMPHYSIS (intervertebral disc) Disc hernia:on: nucleus pulposus Radicular compression-> PAIN. SYNOVIAL JOINTS (ZYGAPOPHYSEAL) SYNOVIAL JOINTS (ZYGAPOPHYSEAL) SYNOVIAL JOINTS (ZYGAPOPHYSEAL) Zyagopophyseal Uncovertebral Ligaments Ligaments Anterior longitudinal ligament Posterior longitudinal ligament Supraespinous ligament Interespinous ligament Ligamentum flavum Intertransverse ligament Ligaments Anterior longitudinal ligament Anterior to the vertebral bodies Base cranium-Sacrum (S) Ligaments Anterior longitudinal ligament ~ VALLEY = CONCAVE ~ vertebral body montain-interv dis . INVEX Ligaments Posterior longitudinal ligament Posterior to the vertebral bodies (anterior wall of vertebral canal) Insertion: intervertebral disc and endplates. Proximally in C1 -C2: tectorial membrane Distally: posterior sacrococcygeal ligament Ligaments Ligamentum flavum A<achment between laminae. Most elas?c ligament. Ligaments Ligaments • Supraespinous ligament NOT onlya is • C7 -Sacroum. • Occipital protuberance-C7 :ligamentum nuchae. S - S • Interspinous ligaments • Intertransverse ligaments. ATTACHED TO SPINDUS PROCESSES memer . present Ligaments Craniovertebral joints Atlantooccipital joints Atlanto-axial joints ATLANTO-OCCIPITAL JOINTS Synovial Bicondyle. Components: • Occipital condyles + superior atlas articular facets. • Atlanto-occipital membranes (Anterior, posterior). Movement: flexion, extension. ATLANTO-OCCIPITAL JOINTS ↑ occipital surex * condyles one ATLANTO-AXIAL JOINTS LATERAL ATLANTO-AXIAL JOINTS Synovial • Right & left lateral atlantoaxial joints • between inf. facets of lateral masses of C1 & superior facets of C2 ATLANTO-AXIAL JOINTS MEDIAL ATLANTO-AXIAL JOINT • Rotatory Two sinovial spaces: - Anterior: odontoid-atlas - Posterior: odontoid-transverse ligament ATLANTO-AXIAL JOINTS MEDIAL ATLANTO-AXIAL JOINT • Cruciate ligament • Transverse lig: behind odontoid ->C1 lateral masses • Superior expansion • Inferior expansion • Apical ligament • Alar ligaments: aodontoid -> occipital condyles. ATLANTO-AXIAL JOINTS ATLANTO-AXIAL JOINTS Rotation: combines rotation of the atlas centered on the odontoid process and sliding of the flat lateral atlanto-axial joints. COSTOVERTEBRAL JOINTS • A typical rib articulates with: bodies of adjacent vertebrae joint with the head of the rib transverse process of its related vertebra costotransverse joint COSTOVERTEBRAL JOINTS RIB HEAD JOINT • Two facets face of arBculaBon • 1- with superior facet of its own vertebra • 2- with inferior facet of the vertebra above COSTOVERTEBRAL JOINTS RIB HEAD JOINT • Head rib radiate ligament. • Intraarticular ligament. • Joint capsule. COSTOVERTEBRAL JOINTS COSTOTRANSVERSE JOINT • SYNOVIAL • Rib tubercle-transverse facet COSTOVERTEBRAL JOINTS COSTOTRANSVERSE JOINT Costotransverse ligament. Lateral costotransverse ligament. Superior costotransverse ligament. Costotransverse foramen: nerve exit. COSTOVERTEBRAL JOINTS COSTOTRANSVERSE JOINT Costotransverse ligament. Lateral costotransverse ligament. Superior costotransverse ligament. Costotransverse foramen: nerve exit. STERNOCOSTALS JOINTS SYMPHYSIS 7 superior rib cartilages. STERNOCOSTALS JOINTS Chondrosternal ligament Intraarticular sternocostal ligament Ligamenta esternocostale radiata = Membrana sterni INTERCHONDRAL JOINTS Between ribs VII to XI (±V and VI) Synovial joints. STERNAL SYMPHYSIS Manubrium 2 SYMPHYSIS Body Xifoid