LEA 4 Law Enforcement Operation Planning With Crime Mapping PDF

(LAW ENFORCEMENT OPERATIONS PLANNING WITH CRIME MAPPING) POLICE PLANNING Terminologies: Plan A plan is an organize schedule or sequence by methodical activities intended to attain a goal and objectives for the accomplishment of mission or assignment. It is a method or way of doing something in order to attain objectives. Plan provides answer to 5W’s and 1 H. Goal – a general statement of intention and typically with a time horizon. It is an achievable end state that can be measured and observed. Making choices about goals is one of the most important aspects of planning. Objective – a specific commitment to achieve a measurable result with in a specific period of time. Strategy – is a broad design, method; a plan to attain a stated goal or objective. Tactic – is a specific design, method, or course of action to attain a particular objective in consonance with strategy. Procedure – a sequence of activities to reach a point or to attain that, which is desired. Extra-office Plans – the active interest and the participation of individual citizen is also a vital to the success of the PNP programs that the PNP shall continuously seek to motivate, promote and maintain an active public concern in its affairs. These are plans made to organize the community to assist in the accomplishment of objectives in the fields of traffic control, organize crime, and juvenile delinquency prevention. The organization may be called safety councils for crime commissions and community councils for the delinquency prevention. Management Plans – Plans of management shall map out in advance all operations involved in the organization management of personnel and material and in procurement and disbursement of money, such as the following: Budget Planning – present and future money needs for personal, equipment and capital investments must be estimated. Plans for supporting budget request must be made if needed appropriations are to be obtained. Accounting Procedures – procedures shall be established and expenditure reports be provided to assist in making administrative decisions and holding expenditures within the appropriations. Specifications and Purchasing Procedures – Specifications shall be drawn for equipment and supplies. Purchasing procedures shall likewise be established to insure the checking of deliveries against specification of orders. Plans and specifications shall be drafted for new building and for modeling old ones. Personnel – procedures shall be established to assure the carrying out of personnel programs and the allocation of personnel among the component organization units in proportions need. Organization – a basic organization plan of the command/unit shall be made and be posted for the guidance of the force. For the organization to be meaningful, it shall be accompanied by the duty manual which shall define relationships between the component units in terms of specific responsibilities. The duty manual incorporates rules and regulations and shall contain the following: definition of terms, organization of rank, and the like, provided the same shall not be in conflict with this manual. Policy – a product of prudence wisdom in the management of human affairs. Guidelines – a rule of action for the rank and file to show them how they are expected to obtain the desired effect. General Emergency Plan – set of procedures to meet varying degree of emergency while at the same time providing continuing police coverage of areas not affected by the emergency. Specific Emergency Plan – a sub-type of plan to meet unusual need, which is similar to general emergency plan but it is basically for certain specific situation. Planning- thinking about the future, thinking about what we want the future would be, and thinking about what we need to do now to achieve it. (Hudzik & Cordner) –a management function concerned with visualizing future situations, making estimates concerning them, identifying issues, needs and potential danger points, analyzing and evaluating the alternative ways and means for reaching desired goals according to a certain schedule, estimating the necessary funds and resources to do the work, and initiating action in time to prepare what may be needed to cope with the changing conditions and contingent events. (Mottley) - Planning is the process of setting goals, developing strategies, and outlining tasks and schedules to accomplish the goals. Creativity as an important part of planning: There are several different type of creativity and they include the following: Imitation; Imitation involves the act of using plans, program, methods, and the like developed by others. Inductive Reasoning; Inductive reasoning moves from specific to the more general. For example, an increase in the number of citizen complaints against policemen may mean there are problems in police training and supervision. Deductive reasoning; and LEA 4 (Law Enforcement Operation Planning with Crime Mapping) https://www.scribd.com/document/565374125/Law-Enforcement-Operation-and-Planning-With-Crime-Mapping Deductive reasoning is the opposite of inductive reasoning. It moves from general to specific. For example, if an organization assumes that the primary role of the police is to maintain order, and then it specifies the policies and procedures that are necessary to implement this assumption. Idea linking. Idea linking is often done through free association. Individual participating in planning are encouraged to identify ideas, without limitations or inhibition that might relate to the problem or plan at hand. This may result to important innovative solutions, particularly when those involved come from different organizational levels and different backgrounds in terms of experience and education. Guidelines in Planning and implementation: The guidelines in planning are the five (5) W’s and one (1) H: 1. What to do – Mission/objectives 2. Why to do – Reason/philosophy 3. When to do – Date/time 4. Where to do – Place 5. Who will do – People involve 6. How to do – Strategy Characteristics of Good Police Plan 1. With clearly defined goals and objectives 2. Simplicity, directness and clarity 3. Flexibility 4. Possibility of attainment 5. Must provide standards of operation 6. Economy in terms of resources needed for implementation What are the other important matters that must be considered in planning? The other important matters that must be considered in planning are the following: a. Efficient use of resources; All organizations, large and small have limited resources. The planning process provides the top management its needs to make effective decisions about the manner of allocating the resources in a way that will enable the organizations to reach its objectives. Productivity must be maximized and resources must not be wasted on projects with little chance of success. b. Establishing goals; Setting goals that challenge everyone in the organization o strive for better performance is one of the key aspects of planning process. Goals must be aggressive, but realistic. The other benefit of goal setting is when forecast results are compared to actual results. Organizations analyze significant variances from forecast and take action to remedy situations where revenues were lower than planned or expenses were higher. c. Managing risk and uncertainty; and Managing risk is essential to an organization’s success. Even the largest organization cannot control the economic and competitive environment around them. Unforeseen events occur that must be dealt with quickly, before negative financial consequences from these events become severe. Planning encourages the development of “what if” scenarios, where managers attempt to envision possible risk factors and develop contingency plans to deal with them. The pace of change in business is rapid, and organizations must be able to rapidly adjust their strategies to these changing conditions. d. Team building. Planning promotes team building and spirit of cooperation. When the plan is completed and communicated to members of the organization, they will know their responsibilities and their way of assisting and sharing their expertise in order to complete assigned tasks. They see how their work contributes to the success of the organization as a whole and can take pride in their contributions. Potential conflict can be reduced when top management solicits department or division managers’ input during the goal setting process. Individuals are less likely to resent budgetary targets when they had a say in their creation. LEA 4 (Law Enforcement Operation Planning with Crime Mapping) https://www.scribd.com/document/565374125/Law-Enforcement-Operation-and-Planning-With-Crime-Mapping THE CYCLE OF PLANNING The stages in this planning process are explained below: Stage 1. Analysis of Opportunities The first thing to do is to spot what needs to be done. You will crystallize this into a formal aim at the next stage in the process. One approach to this is to examine your current position, and decide how you can improve it. There are a number of techniques that will help you to do this: ∙ SWOT Analysis : This is a formal analysis of your strengths and weaknesses, and of the opportunities and threats that you face. ∙ Risk Analysis : This helps you to spot project risks, weaknesses in your organization or operation, and identify the risks to which you are exposed. From this you can plan to neutralize some risks. ∙ Understanding pressures for change: Alternatively, other people (for example, clients) may be pressing you to change the way you do things. Alternatively, your environment may be changing, and you may need to anticipate or respond to this. Pressures may arise from changes in the economy, new legislation, competition, changes in people's attitudes, new technologies, or changes in government. Stage 2. Identifying the Aim of Your Plan Once you have completed a realistic analysis of the opportunities for change, the next step is to decide precisely what the aim of your plan is. Deciding and defining an aim sharpens the focus of your plan, and helps you to avoid wasting effort on irrelevant side issues. The aim is best expressed in a simple single sentence. This ensures that it is clear and sharp in your mind. Stage 3. Exploring Options By this stage you should know where you are and what you want to do. The next thing to do is to work out how to do it. At this stage it is best to spend a little time generating as many options as possible, even though it is tempting just to grasp the first idea that comes to mind. By taking a little time to generate as many ideas as possible you may come up with less obvious but better solutions. Just as likely, you may improve your best ideas with parts of other ideas. Stage 4. Selecting the Best Option Once you have explored the options available to you, it is time to decide which one to use. If you have the time and resources available, then you might decide to evaluate all options, carrying out detailed planning, costing, risk assessment, etc. for each. Normally you will not have this luxury. Two useful tools for selecting the best option are Decision Matrix Analysis and Decision Trees. Decision Matrix Analysis helps you to decide between different options where you need to consider a number of different factors. Decision Trees help you to think through the likely outcomes of following different courses of action. Stage 5. Detailed Planning By the time you start detailed planning, you should have a good picture of where you are, what you want to achieve and the range of options available to you. You may well have selected one of the options as the most likely to yield the best results. Detailed planning is the process of working out the most efficient and effective way of achieving the aim that you have defined. It is the process of determining who will do what, when, where, how and why, and at what cost. LEA 4 (Law Enforcement Operation Planning with Crime Mapping) https://www.scribd.com/document/565374125/Law-Enforcement-Operation-and-Planning-With-Crime-Mapping While you are concentrating on the actions that need to be performed, ensure that you also think about the control mechanisms that you will need to monitor performance. These will include the activities such as reporting, quality assurance, cost control, etc. that are needed to spot and correct any deviations from the plan. A good plan will: State the current situation. Have a clear aim. Use the resources available. Detail the tasks to be carried out, whose responsibility they are, and their priorities and deadlines. Detail control mechanisms that will alert you to difficulties in achieving the plan. Identify risks, and plan for contingencies. This allows you to make a rapid and effective response to crises, perhaps at a time when you are at low ebb or are confused following a setback. Consider transitional arrangements – how will you keep things going while you implement the plan? Stage 6. Evaluation of the Plan and Its Impact Once you have worked out the details of your plan, the next stage is to review it to decide whether it is worth implementing. Here you must be objective – however much work you have carried out to reach this stage, the plan may still not be worth implementing. This is frustrating after the hard work of detailed planning. It is, however, much better to find this out now than when you have invested time, resources and personal standing in the success of the plan. Evaluating the plan now gives you the opportunity to either investigate other options that might be more successful, or to accept that no plan is needed or should be carried out. Stage 7. Implementing Change Once you have completed your plan and decided that it will work satisfactorily, it is time to implement it. Your plan will explain how! It should also detail the controls that you will use to monitor the execution of the plan. Stage 8. Closing the Plan Once you have achieved a plan, you can close the project. At this point it is often worth carrying out an evaluation of the project to see whether there are any lessons that you can learn. This should include an evaluation of your project planning to see if this could be improved. TYPES AND CLASSIFICATION OF PLANS TYPES OF PLAN IN GENERAL Reactive Plans are developed as a result of crisis. A particular problem may occur for which the department has no plan and must quickly develop one, sometimes without careful preparation. Proactive Plans are developed in anticipation of problems. Although not all police problems are predictable, many are, and it is possible for a police department to prepare a response in advance. Visionary Plans are essential statements that identify the role of the police in the community and the future condition or state to which the department can aspire. A vision may also include a statement of values to be used to guide the decision making process in the department. Strategic Plans are designed to meet the long-range, overall goals of the organization. Such plans allow the department to adapt anticipated changes or develop a new philosophy or model of policing (e.g. community policing). One of the most important aspects of strategic planning is to focus on external environmental factors that affect the goals and objectives of the department and how they will be achieved. Important environmental factors include personnel needs, population trends, technological innovations, business trends and demand, crime problems, and community attitudes. OTHER TYPES OF PLAN 1. Policy or Procedural Plan Standard operating procedures shall be planned to guide members in routine and field operations and in some special operations in accordance with the following procedures: a. Field Procedures – Procedures intended to be used in all situations of all kinds shall be outlined as a guide to officers and men in the field. b. Headquarters Procedures – To be included in these procedures are the duties of the dispatchers, jailers and other personnel concerned which may be reflected in the duty manual. c. Special Operating Procedure – Included are the operation of the special units charged with investigation, dissemination of information about wanted person, inspection and the like. 2. Tactical Plan LEA 4 (Law Enforcement Operation Planning with Crime Mapping) https://www.scribd.com/document/565374125/Law-Enforcement-Operation-and-Planning-With-Crime-Mapping These are the procedures for coping with specific situations at known locations. Included in this categories are plan for dealing with an attack against building with alarm system and attack against the police headquarters by lawless elements. 3. Operational Plan These are plans for the operations of the patrol, investigation, traffic, juvenile and vice control division. a. Regular Operating Program b. Meeting Unusual Needs Operational Planning – the use of rational design or pattern for all departmental undertakings rather than relying on chance. - The preparation and development of procedures and techniques in accomplishing of each of the primary task and function. Police Operational Planning – the act of determining policies and guidelines for police activities and operations and providing controls and safeguards for such activities and operations in the department. - The process of formulating coordinated sequence of methodical activities and the allocation of resources to line units of the police organization for the attainment of the mandated objectives. 4. Extra-Office Plan The active interest and participation of individual citizen is so vital to the success of the police programs that the police shall continuously seek to motivate, promote, and maintain an active public concern in its affairs. Plans shall be made to organize the community to assist in the accomplishment of police objectives. 5. Management Plan Plans of management shall map out in advance all operations involved in the organization management or personnel and material and in the procurement and disbursement of money such as the following: a. Budget Planning b. Accounting Procedures c. Specification and Purchasing Procedures d. Personnel e. Organization CLASSIFICATION OF PLAN A. According to Coverage 1. Local Plan 2. Regional Plan 3. National Plan B. According to Time 1. Strategic or Long Range Plan - It relates to plan which are strategic or long range in application and it determine the organization’s goals and strategy. - Example: Police Action Plan on the strategy DREAMS Program P-O-L-I-C-E 2000. 2. Intermediate or Medium Range Plan - It relates to plans which determine quantity and quality efforts and accomplishments. It refers to the process of determining the contribution on efforts that can make or provide allocated resources. - Example: Master Plan Saklolo (Disaster Management Master Plan), Master Plan Banat (Anti-Illegal Drugs Master Plan) 3. Operational or Short Range Plan - Refers to the productions of plans, which determine the schedule of special activity and are applicable from one week or less than year duration. Plan that addresses immediate need which are specific and how it can be accomplished on time with available allocated resources. - Example: Oplan Double Barrel Project Tokhang – aimed at the neutralization of illegal drug personalities nationwide INTRODUCTION TO POLICE OPERATIONS Police operations are defined as the job duties, responsibilities, and activities that law enforcement agents complete in the field. GENERAL RULE: In the conduct of any law enforcement operation we shall not violate the rights of every person residing or sojourning in the country THE 1987 PHILIPPINE CONSTITUTION, ARTICLE III BILL OF RIGHTS LEA 4 (Law Enforcement Operation Planning with Crime Mapping) https://www.scribd.com/document/565374125/Law-Enforcement-Operation-and-Planning-With-Crime-Mapping BILL OF RIGHTS Is the set of prescriptions setting forth the fundamental civil and political rights of the individual and imposing limitations on the power of the government as a means of securing the enjoyment of those rights. PURPOSE OF BILL OF RIGHTS To provide for the individual rights, freedom, and protection against the abuses that may be committed by the government. BILL OF RIGHTS Section 1. No person shall be deprived of life, liberty, or property without due process of law, nor shall any person be denied the equal protection of the laws. Section 2. The right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects against unreasonable searches and seizures of whatever nature and for any purpose shall be inviolable, and no search warrant or warrant of arrest shall issue except upon probable cause to be determined personally by the judge after examination under oath or affirmation of the complainant and the witnesses he may produce, and particularly describing the place to be searched and the persons or things to be seized. Section 3. (1) The privacy of communication and correspondence shall be inviolable except upon lawful order of the court, or when public safety or order requires otherwise, as prescribed by law. (2) Any evidence obtained in violation of this or the preceding section shall be inadmissible for any purpose in any proceeding. Section 4. No law shall be passed abridging the freedom of speech, of expression, or of the press, or the right of the people peaceably to assemble and petition the government for redress of grievances. Section 5. No law shall be made respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof. The free exercise and enjoyment of religious profession and worship, without discrimination or preference, shall forever be allowed. No religious test shall be required for the exercise of civil or political rights. Section 6. The liberty of abode and of changing the same within the limits prescribed by law shall not be impaired except upon lawful order of the court. Neither shall the right to travel be impaired except in the interest of national security, public safety, or public health, as may be provided by law. Section 7. The right of the people to information on matters of public concern shall be recognized. Access to official records, and to documents and papers pertaining to official acts, transactions, or decisions, as well as to government research data used as basis for policy development, shall be afforded the citizen, subject to such limitations as may be provided by law. Section 8. The right of the people, including those employed in the public and private sectors, to form unions, associations, or societies for purposes not contrary to law shall not be abridged. Section 9. Private property shall not be taken for public use without just compensation. Section 10. No law impairing the obligation of contracts shall be passed. Section 11. Free access to the courts and quasi-judicial bodies and adequate legal assistance shall not be denied to any person by reason of poverty. Section 12. (1) Any person under investigation for the commission of an offense shall have the right to be informed of his right to remain silent and to have competent and independent counsel preferably of his own choice. If the person cannot afford the services of counsel, he must be provided with one. These rights cannot be waived except in writing and in the presence of counsel. (2) No torture, force, violence, threat, intimidation, or any other means which vitiate the free will shall be used against him. Secret detention places, solitary, incommunicado, or other similar forms of detention are prohibited. (3) Any confession or admission obtained in violation of this or Section 17 hereof shall be inadmissible in evidence against him. (4) The law shall provide for penal and civil sanctions for violations of this section as well as compensation to and rehabilitation of victims of torture or similar practices, and their families. Section 13. All persons, except those charged with offenses punishable by reclusion perpetua when evidence of guilt is strong, shall, before conviction, be bailable by sufficient sureties, or be released on recognizance as may be provided by law. The right to bail shall not be impaired even when the privilege of the writ of habeas corpus is suspended. Excessive bail shall not be required. Section 14. (1) No person shall be held to answer for a criminal offense without due process of law. (2) In all criminal prosecutions, the accused shall be presumed innocent until the contrary is proved, and shall enjoy the right to be heard by himself and counsel, to be informed of the nature and cause of the accusation against him, to have a speedy, impartial, and public trial, to meet the witnesses face to face, and to have compulsory process to secure the attendance of witnesses and the production of evidence in his behalf. However, after arraignment, trial may proceed notwithstanding the absence of the accused provided that he has been duly notified and his failure to appear is unjustifiable. LEA 4 (Law Enforcement Operation Planning with Crime Mapping) https://www.scribd.com/document/565374125/Law-Enforcement-Operation-and-Planning-With-Crime-Mapping Section 15. The privilege of the writ of habeas corpus shall not be suspended except in cases of invasion or rebellion when the public safety requires it. Section 16. All persons shall have the right to a speedy disposition of their cases before all judicial, quasi-judicial, or administrative bodies. Section 17. No person shall be compelled to be a witness against himself. Section 18. (1) No person shall be detained solely by reason of his political beliefs and aspirations. (2) No involuntary servitude in any form shall exist except as a punishment for a crime whereof the party shall have been duly convicted. Section 19. (1) Excessive fines shall not be imposed, nor cruel, degrading or inhuman punishment inflicted. Neither shall the death penalty be imposed, unless, for compelling reasons involving heinous crimes, the Congress hereafter provides for it. Any death penalty already imposed shall be reduced to reclusion perpetua. (2) The employment of physical, psychological, or degrading punishment against any prisoner or detainee or the use of substandard or inadequate penal facilities under subhuman conditions shall be dealt with by law. Section 20. No person shall be imprisoned for debt or non-payment of a poll tax. Section 21. No person shall be twice put in jeopardy of punishment for the same offense. If an act is punished by a law and an ordinance, conviction or acquittal under either shall constitute a bar to another prosecution for the same act. Section 22. No ex post facto law or bill of attainder shall be enacted. RA 7438 AN ACT DEFINING CERTAIN RIGHTS OF PERSON ARRESTED, DETAINED OR UNDER CUSTODIAL INVESTIGATION AS WELL AS THE DUTIES OF THE ARRESTING, DETAINING AND INVESTIGATING OFFICERS, AND PROVIDING PENALTIES FOR VIOLATIONS THEREOF. Section 2. Rights of Persons Arrested, Detained or Under Custodial Investigation; Duties of Public Officers. – (a) Any person arrested detained or under custodial investigation shall at all times be assisted by counsel. (b) Any public officer or employee, or anyone acting under his order or his place, who arrests, detains or investigates any person for the commission of an offense shall inform the latter, in a language known to and understood by him, of his rights to remain silent and to have competent and independent counsel, preferably of his own choice, who shall at all times be allowed to confer privately with the person arrested, detained or under custodial investigation. If such person cannot afford the services of his own counsel, he must be provided with a competent and independent counsel by the investigating officer. (c) The custodial investigation report shall be reduced to writing by the investigating officer, provided that before such report is signed, or thumb marked if the person arrested or detained does not know how to read and write, it shall be read and adequately explained to him by his counsel or by the assisting counsel provided by the investigating officer in the language or dialect known to such arrested or detained person, otherwise, such investigation report shall be null and void and of no effect whatsoever. (d) Any extrajudicial confession made by a person arrested, detained or under custodial investigation shall be in writing and signed by such person in the presence of his counsel or in the latter's absence, upon a valid waiver, and in the presence of any of the parents, elder brothers and sisters, his spouse, the municipal mayor, the municipal judge, district school supervisor, or priest or minister of the gospel as chosen by him; otherwise, such extrajudicial confession shall be inadmissible as evidence in any proceeding. (e) Any waiver by a person arrested or detained under the provisions of Article 125 of the Revised Penal Code, or under custodial investigation, shall be in writing and signed by such person in the presence of his counsel; otherwise the waiver shall be null and void and of no effect. (f) Any person arrested or detained or under custodial investigation shall be allowed visits by or conferences with any member of his immediate family, or any medical doctor or priest or religious minister chosen by him or by any member of his immediate family or by his counsel, or by any national non-governmental organization duly accredited by the Commission on Human Rights of by any international non-governmental organization duly accredited by the Office of the President. The person's "immediate family" shall include his or her spouse, fiancé or fiancée, parent or child, brother or sister, grandparent or grandchild, uncle or aunt, nephew or niece, and guardian or ward. "CUSTODIAL INVESTIGATION" shall include the practice of issuing an "invitation" to a person who is investigated in connection with an offense he is suspected to have committed, without prejudice to the liability of the "inviting" officer for any violation of law. CATEGORIES OF POLICE OPERATIONS 1. Public Safety Operation – includes Search, Rescue and Retrieval Operations, Fire Drills, Earthquake Drills and similar operations that promote public safety. 2. Law Enforcement Operation – includes Service of Warrant of Arrest, Implementation of Search Warrant, Enforcement of Visitorial Powers of the Chief, Philippine National Police and Unit Commanders, Anti-Illegal LEA 4 (Law Enforcement Operation Planning with Crime Mapping) https://www.scribd.com/document/565374125/Law-Enforcement-Operation-and-Planning-With-Crime-Mapping Drugs Operation, AntiIllegal Gambling Operations, Anti-Illegal Logging Operations, Anti-Illegal Fishing Operations, Anti-Carnapping Operations, Anti- Kidnapping Operations, Anti-Cyber Crime Operations and similar operations that are conducted to enforce law statutes, executive orders and ordinances. 3. Internal Security Operation – includes Counter-Insurgency Operations, Counter Terrorist Operations and similar operations that are conducted to ensure internal security. 4. Special Police Operation– includes Checkpoint Operation, Roadblock Operation, Civil Disturbance Management Operation, Police Assistance in the Enforcement of Demolition Eviction Injunction and Similar Orders, Police Assistance in the Implementation of Final Court Order and Order from Quasi-Judicial Bodies, Hostage Situation, Visit Board Search and Seizure Onboard Marine Vessels and similar police operations that are conducted by police units with specialized training on the peculiarity of the mission or purpose. 5. Intelligence Operation – includes Surveillance Operation, Counter Intelligence, Intelligence Research, Intelligence Assessment and similar police intelligence operation conducted to gather information related to security, public safety and order. 6. Investigation Operation – includes Investigation of Crime or Incident, Administrative Investigation and similar investigative work necessary to determine facts and circumstances for filing cases criminally or administratively. 7. Scene of the Crime Operation (SOCO) – includes the processing of crime scene, technical and forensic examination of evidences and similar scientific investigative assistance. BASIC PUBLIC SAFETY OPERATIONS PATROL OPERATION What is patrol? Patrol is derived from the French word PATROUILLER (to tramp about through the mud of a military camp or roughly to travel on foot) Patrol is an indispensable service that plays a leading role in the accomplishment of the police purpose. It is the only form of police service that directly attempts to eliminate opportunity for misconduct; It also checks the development of desire for misconduct by destroying unwholesome influences, by actively creating wholesome ones, and by favorably influencing individual and group attitudes in its routine daily association with the public, constantly availability is important because time is the essence in most police work. Patrol is the backbone or nucleus of the police service. It is apparent that police patrol service is practically responsible for the performance of all primary police tasks. It is the only division that cannot be eliminated. Patrol is the main strength of the police organization which is responsible in the attainment of the declared policy of the state with regards to the police as embodied in R.A. 6975 as amended by R.A. 8551. Patrol is an indispensable unit of the PNP, which requires great attention on their welfare, innovations for their professional growth, support and motivations for them to gain respect and recognition from the public, which in turn will redound to the image of the whole organization. The Evolution of Police Patrol The origin of patrolling goes with the history of police organization. Although the development of patrol as a vital police function is closely associated with the evolution of police forces. As Payton stated, “development of police patrol is closely associated with the increase of human population and the need for protection and security.” Present Period – The country through the Philippine National Police and the Department of Interior and Local Government in coordination with other government agencies particularly the Armed Forces of the Philippines, has tapped the involvement of the community in policing. One of these is the institution of the community Oriented Policing System or COPS, the Integrated Patrol System (IPS) and the Patrol 117. Patrol as the Backbone of the Police Department This statement is often made that the Patrol Division is the “backbone of the police department” and this statement is very true for the following reason: a. It is the only division that cannot be eliminated. b. Almost all police function had been vested to the patrol division. c. The patrol division is often the only one to work on a twenty-four hour basis. Basic Duties of Police Patrol The duties and objectives of police patrol are many, but the basic duties could probably be summed up in two words, protection, and service. Fundamental Objectives of Police Patrol 1. Preventive Enforcement Preventive enforcement falls under the heading of protection, and involves the prevention of crime through the noticeable presence of police vehicles and personnel. LEA 4 (Law Enforcement Operation Planning with Crime Mapping) https://www.scribd.com/document/565374125/Law-Enforcement-Operation-and-Planning-With-Crime-Mapping Sir Robert Peel first presented preventive enforcement as a criminological philosophy. And this had been regarded as the soundest of all criminological theories. It is much easier to patch a crack in the dike than to repair the wall after it has broken. “An ounce of prevention being worth a pound of cure. 2. Selective Enforcement Even though our present patrol division is extremely mobile, it cannot completely cover all of the area or beat assigned to its patrol units. The only logical solution to the problem is selective enforcement. In other words, go to either where the trouble is, or where the trouble likely to occur. Selective enforcement has proven to be a very effective technique in the patrol procedure. If a certain area is subject to a high crime rate, the patrol cars spend a greater part of their patrolling time in that area. 3. Traffic Enforcement Large police departments have traffic divisions, but the majorities of the departments are small, and have only patrol division to handle traffic enforcement. Traffic enforcement is strongly dependent upon personal contact between the patrol officers and the violators. There is much argument about the effectiveness of giving verbal warning versus the issuing of citations, and there are good points to both sides of the arguments, but department policy has always the last word. The important thing is that the violator is stopped and the violation is brought to his attention. 4. Emergency call for Service One of the duties and purposes of patrol is the handling of emergency calls for service. The police vehicle had been equipped as an emergency vehicle, and special laws had been passed exempting the police officer from the normal rules of the road when responding to an emergency. Since the handling of emergency calls for service is one of the basic duties of the patrol officer, he should be trained in first aid and water life-saving emergencies. 5. Routine Call for Service Routine call account for the majority of services provided by the patrol division. Because of this, officers have to guard against becoming callused and indifferent to calls of this nature. Role of Patrol The most important role of a patrol officer is to serve as the police organization’s actual field contact with the people. Thus, the word PATROL is an acronym of: P- Policemen A- Assigned T- To R- Restore O- Order L- Locality ❖ FOUR MAJOR FUNCTIONS OF POLICE The police render four major functions in its law enforcement and peace control task; 1. Crime prevention 2. Crime investigation 3. Traffic supervision 4. Promote public safety Distinction of Crime Prevention and Crime Control 1. Crime Prevention Is the reduction or the elimination of the desire and/ or opportunity to commit a felony. 2. Crime Control Is the primary concern of the police, as the saying goes, “control before the act escalates into a serious proportion”. The fine is; A. First to prevent B. ultimately to control ❖ PATROL: WORKING THE STREET Preparation for Duty – The patrol officers’ job starts even before they are in their respective area of responsibility (AOR) because they need to prepare the following that are necessary in the performance of their routines: A. Equipment check 1. Police uniform 2. Weapons 3. Watch 4. Money, including change to pay telephones LEA 4 (Law Enforcement Operation Planning with Crime Mapping) https://www.scribd.com/document/565374125/Law-Enforcement-Operation-and-Planning-With-Crime-Mapping 5. Flashlight, spare battery and bulbs 6. Notebook with ample supply of blank paper 7. Forms reports, traffic violations, etc. 8. Current list of stolen and wanted vehicles 9. Portable radio and other equipment as required B. Information Check – Prior to actual patrolling, the police officers should: 1. Secure and review description of missing and wanted persons. 2. Arrange any follow-up work from previous shifts. 3. Check with the officer being relieved for any problems requiring your attention during the shift. 4. Check patrol area log for problem areas requiring extra surveillance. C. Vehicle Check – In case of patrol officers assigned on mobile cars (prowl cars), they should: 1. Check the inside of your patrol car, paying particular attention to the rear seat. 2. A prisoner may have hidden a weapon or evidence in the vehicle during the previous shift. 3. During your own tour of duty, a prisoner might try the same maneuver. If you haven’t checked the vehicle, any evidence you recover might be ruled inadmissible in court; you would be unable to swear that the vehicle was empty before the suspect entered it. 4. Record the condition of your vehicle’s interior in your notebook for possible latter use as evidence. 5. Check you vehicle’s siren, roof light, radio and other equipment to ensure that they are in proper working order. Note any damaged or mechanical problems. TIP: You may be able to use this knowledge to obtain evidence when you don’t have the legal authority to search a suspect. Here’s how: Place your suspect in the rear seat of your patrol car. Walk a few steps away from the vehicle and pretend to write something in your notebook. If he believes you are not watching him, the suspect will probably try to hide any contraband or illegal weapons in his possession in, or under, the set. After giving him a few minutes to complete this transaction, remove the suspect from the vehicle. Search the seat and retrieve any incriminating evidence that he may have “voluntarily” turned over to you. In employing this strategy, keep alert – the suspect may try to swallow narcotics or papers in an attempt to conceal evidence. Police Personnel Distribution The patrol force is an organization within an organization. The patrol force is the nucleus (focal unit) of the department about which the special services are grouped, and therefore, it shall not be subordinated to any other police unit in the police department. The operational heart of a police organization is the patrol force to which other departmental divisions relate in a supportive role. In ordinary police stations, the suggested distribution of police functions is as follows: Police Activity Percentage 1. Patrol Functions 50 % 2. Criminal Investigation 15 % 3. Traffic Functions 10 % 4. Vice & Juvenile Related Functions 10 % 5. Administrative Functions 10 % 6. Auxiliary Functions 5% (Courtesy of Isaias Alma Jose) The proportional strength of the patrol force and the special units like investigation, traffic, vice and juvenile units depend on the services performed by each. The patrol force, being the backbone of the police service, is responsible for the accomplishment of most police objectives. In small police departments having no specialization, the patrol force performs all the primary, secondary, and administrative police tasks. If a special unit is created, it must be described which tasks: 1. will be taken from the patrol unit, to be made as the exclusive responsibility of the special unit; 2. will remain as exclusive responsibility of the patrol unit; and LEA 4 (Law Enforcement Operation Planning with Crime Mapping) https://www.scribd.com/document/565374125/Law-Enforcement-Operation-and-Planning-With-Crime-Mapping 3. Will be assigned as joint responsibility. Why is it that the citizens usually call first the police when a social problem occurs? Traditionally speaking, these are the reasons: Because the police are constantly available when needed; dependable when called upon; and capable of providing advice to decide or settle interpersonal conflicts. Thus, there are two broad duties of police officers while on patrol. 1. Provide public protection through: a. Preventive Enforcement – progressive and continuous patrolling b. Selective Enforcement – research and investigation 2. Render social services a. Information services b. Police escort c. Assisting other agencies d. Serving court notices (warrants) What is the Importance of Police Patrol? The following are the specific points that justify the importance of Police patrol: 1. Patrol is the essence of police operations. 2. The patrol group is the single largest unit in the police organization. 3. Actions taken by the patrol officer have the most direct impact on the citizen’s satisfaction and on the accomplishment of police goals and objectives. 4. Patrol operation is the most visible from of activity that enhances the welfare and security of the community. 5. Individual patrol officers represent the police department in its contact with the community. 6. Individual patrol officers play a major role in determining the quality of justice in a given community. Errors made by patrolmen have significant negative effect in the public’s perception and on the other components of the CJS. 7. The patrol officer is the most important human element of the police organization since all police field operations are supported by the patrol activity. TYPES OF PATROL 1. Foot Patrol The foot patrol is the most expensive type of patrol, and most departments have reduced their foot patrols to a minimum because of this. Foot patrol is restricted to small areas and is used to deal with special situations while maintaining radio contact with officers in patrol cars. Foot patrol is used to secure 2 types of police geographical units: 1. Post – a fixed position or location where an officer is assigned for guard duty 2. Beat – the smallest area specifically assigned for patrol purposes Types of Foot Patrol: 1. Fixed foot patrol is usually is used to traffic, surveillance, parades, and special events. 2. Mobile foot patrol is used where there is considerable foot movement such as patrolling business and shopping centers, high crime areas, and in places where there are many or multiple family dwellings. a. Line beat patrol is used in securing a certain portion of a road or street. b. Random foot patrol is used in checking residential buildings, business establishments, dark alleys, and parking lots. c. The Traditional Foot Patrol Pattern 1. Clockwise Patrol Pattern -Short beats well for foot patrol. -Rectangular/square size of beat. 2. Counter-clockwise Patrol Pattern -The reverse of clockwise pattern with the same characteristic of an area to be patrolled. 3. Zigzag or Free Wheeling Patrol Pattern -Done by patrolling the streets within the perimeter of the beat not at random but with definite target location where he knows his presence is necessary. 4. Straightway and Criss-cross Patrol Pattern -Hazard oriented patrol. Some of the Advantages of the Foot Patrol 1. The foot patrolman can provide immediate traffic control when it is needed. 2. More person-to-person contact can be made with the public. 3. The officer can actually get to know the physical layout of his beat better. 4. He can also get to know the people in his beat better, and can develop criminal informants easier. 5. A foot officer can sneak up on situation, where a patrol car is easily noticed when it approaches. LEA 4 (Law Enforcement Operation Planning with Crime Mapping) https://www.scribd.com/document/565374125/Law-Enforcement-Operation-and-Planning-With-Crime-Mapping 6. By the use of a two-way radio, the officer can maintain communications with the department and the mobile unit. Foot Patrol Procedures and Techniques 1. Don’t establish a set of patterns of patrol. 2. When checking doors for forced entry, use flashlight on or around the lock to see if there are noticeable jimmy marks. 3. When an open door is found, NEVER ENTER ALONE. 4. At least once a night use the fire escapes to check the roof in the downtown area for possible ‘cut through” burglaries as they are sometimes referred to. 5. Be alert for boxes that are being pilled up behind building, or ropes that are hanging down the sides of building, or ladders that might have been used to gain access to a roof. 6. At nighttime, the foot patrol officer should occasionally step into alleys or store entrance, and get out of the light as much as possible. 7. Foot care is a prime consideration. 8. Foot patrol must walk his best during all type of weather. 9. A foot patrol officer should never smoke while in uniform on the street, nor should chew gum. 10. The foot patrol officer should make a conscious effort to make friends on the beat. 11. Use all five senses while walking the beat. 12. When things are slow, the officer should plan strategies. 2. Automobile Patrol The automobile is the most economical type of patrol and offers tactical ability when used in numbers. The patrol car is the most extensively used and the most effective means of transportation for police on patrol. Equipped with state-of-the-art police gear, patrol cars today provide a rapid, safe, and efficient means of transportation under average operating conditions. Automobile patrol has the greatest mobility and flexibility. Most experts on patrol operation agree that it is the most cost-effective method of patrol. Some of the Advantages of the Automobile Patrol 1. Where speed and mobility are needed such as in a large area that must be covered by few officers, the speed of the automobile allow them to service the whole area and do so efficiently. 2. It is one of the best means of Preventive Enforcement. 3. It offers the officer protection. 4. It permits the officer to carry extra equipment. 5. The patrol car allows the police officer to have a partner when needed, and to transport one or several prisoners. 6. In the case of station wagons, which are becoming popular as patrol vehicles, they can be used to carry police dogs on patrol and emergency ambulance during disaster. 7. Patrol cars can be used as barricades in roadblocks, and they offer a high degree of safety during high-speed pursuits. General Techniques and Procedures for Automobile Patrol 1. Check the police car thoroughly before leaving the garage. 2. As with the foot patrol, the beat should not be traveled the same way each night. 3. Don’t spend too much time in drive-ins or coffee-spots. 4. Do not drive too fast in general patrol. 5. During normal patrol, observe the rules of the road. 6. The license numbers of all strange or suspicious cars should be jotted down. 7. Make it a habit to never leave the keys in the police car, even if it is just for a minute. 8. Since we are creators of habits, a police officer must make a habit to use the seat belt at all times. 9. The beat officer should learn the whereabouts of all safe lights and outside lock on his beat. 10. The officer on automobile patrol must, like the foot patrolman, always be on the alert for possible informants. One Man versus the Two Man Automobile Patrol Since there is a controversy concerning one and two man patrol cars, the pros and cons should be briefly covered. Two Man Patrol Car 1. A two-man patrol car provides the officer with a greater safety factor by doubling the firepower and the physical protection. 2. The mistakes that one-man make may be caught by his partner, and vice versa. 3. One officer does not have to drive a full eight hours, and he is therefore more rested and can do a better job. 4. Two pair of eyes is better than one. 5. One man can operate the radio while the other drives. 6. On the quiet night, the driver can have someone to talk to and help keep him awake. LEA 4 (Law Enforcement Operation Planning with Crime Mapping) https://www.scribd.com/document/565374125/Law-Enforcement-Operation-and-Planning-With-Crime-Mapping ∙ One Man Patrol Car 1. Having twice as many police cars on the street doubles the preventive enforcement. 2. When the officer is alone he devotes full attention to his driving and the beat rather than to the conversation with his partner. 3. A one man alone developed self-reliance. 4. In two-man car, an officer will take more chances than if he is alone. 5. Personality clashes are reduced. 3. Horse Patrol Next to walking patrol, the horse patrol is one of the oldest types of patrol. The following are some of the more common uses of the Horse patrol: a. Park Patrol b. Beach Patrol c. Posse and Search d. Parade and Crowd Control 4. Dog Patrol/K-9 Patrol The key to the successful use of police dogs in patrol is based first of all on understanding and willing master. Secondly, on the proper selection and training of the dogs and finally on preparing the general public for their use. “Police Dogs should never be used to replace police officers. They are supplementary forces that can aid the officer in better performing his duty. A single K-9 team was able to complete building searches seven times faster than four officers working together were to search the same building. And while the dog team found the hidden suspects 93 percent of the time, the human officers found (hidden suspects) only 53 percent. Dogs are of great assistance in search and rescue as well as in smelling out drugs and bombs. A dog is capable of recognizing an odor 10 million times better than a human can. What breeds of working dogs are best suited for police works? 1. German Shepherds – the most frequently used and highest-scoring dog for police work 2. Black Labrador retrievers 3. Giant Schnauzers 4. Rottweiler 5. Doberman pinchers 6. Bouviers 7. Newfoundland 8. Airedale terriers 9. Alaskan malamutes 5. Air Patrol If the area to be serviced is large enough, air patrol can be actually be as economical as the automobile. Among the more recent trends in patrolling is the use of aircraft, either helicopter or fixed-wing. Today, it has become necessary for the police use aircraft in performing both routine and specialized patrol activities. The use of aircraft is not totally new. In 1925, the Los Angeles County Sheriff Department has already formed a volunteer Reserve Aero Squadron. Full-time Aero detail is still an official unit in this police department today. Before 1929, the New York police department began using aircraft. In 1947, the New York Prot Authority began using helicopters for surveillance, transportation, and rescue. Other cities and state agencies in United States have employed helicopters, usually during daylight hours. In 1986, the state of California developed an experimental program using helicopters for police patrolling known as SKY KNIGHT. During the latter part of 1959, the Public Safety Department of Dade County in Florida used the aerial patrol concept. At present, it is effectively utilizing fixed-wing aircraft and helicopters in regular patrols to prevent crime and apprehend offenders or engage in surveillance activities. Advantages of Helicopter Patrol 1. Improves response time to emergency calls for service. 2. Increase apprehension of offenders. 3. Increase prevention of crime. 4. Improved efficiency of regular patrol units through air borne information. 5. Increase ability in conducting roof searches for suspected felons. 6. Easier location of both lost and escaped persons. 7. More efficient rescue operations and emergency ambulance service. 8. A better system of floodlighting areas at night. LEA 4 (Law Enforcement Operation Planning with Crime Mapping) https://www.scribd.com/document/565374125/Law-Enforcement-Operation-and-Planning-With-Crime-Mapping 9. Information can be broadcast to large areas through airborne loudspeakers. 10. Rapid emergency transportation of personnel. 11. Added security to patrol officers through “backup” offered by aerial patrol. 12. Possible use in fire fighting. 13. It can be used to assist other public agencies and thus save the city money. Disadvantages of Helicopter Patrol 1. Bad weather will ground the helicopter. 2. Smog and light or intermittent clouds might affect vision. 3. This type of service requires special skills and training. 4. There is a danger from high wire, trees, and similar object. 5. There can be difficulty of landing in urban areas. 6. Pilots fatigue and most work shorter periods of time than regular police shift. 7. Refueling problems. 8. Special facilities are required for housing and repairs. 9. There are many tactical problems to overcome such as location of police units on ground, and the exact locations of addresses from the air. 10. Adverse public reaction due to the fear of “spying from the sky” or just simple objection of the noise involved. 11. Criminals can hear the helicopter coming and suspires is lost. 6. Boat Patrol Since man has usually founded and built his cities next to some river or body of water, it is conceivable that the use of boats in the enforcement of the law has been a type of patrol since the dawn of history. The recorded history of our earliest civilization indicates the use of tariffs. Where there are tariffs there is smuggling, and the control of smuggling in any community near water necessitates the use of water patrol. 7. Bicycle Patrol Bicycle patrol has long been a part of the patrol services of most countries throughout the world since the bicycle was first developed. In the United State, the rapid development of automobile and the wider street has limited and almost eliminated the used of bicycle as a patrol vehicle. However, many communities have retained the used of bicycle for the following reasons. First is economical. Secondly it is quiet and can be used to patrol an area without alerting the criminals. With the development of the small compact transistor radio, the bicycle can be radio equipped. 8. Motorcycle Patrol The use of the motorcycle as a means of police transportation is almost as old as that of the automobile. It was in 1909 that the first motorcycles begun to be used. The wide use of the sidecar motorcycle in World War I set the stage for its wide use in police work following the war. Although the use of motorcycles has lost ground to the used of patrol cars in recent years, their need of congested traffic will insure their continued use as a form of police patrol. The two- wheeled motorcycle is quite adaptable to traffic enforcement, parades, and escort duty. It has the disadvantages of being used only, in fair weather, of causing a greater number of accidents which are usually quite serious, and in the long run costing the department almost as much as a patrol vehicle despite the apparent low first cost. 9. Television Patrol Television patrol, although probably suggested in the Dick Tracy comic strip, was first used in police work on a practical basic in West Germany. Its use was basically for purposes of traffic control. It involved a television panel with a capacity of thirty television receivers, situated in front of a control board manned by single operator. In the field, at key point, television cameras are mounted in a weatherproof housing. They were equipped with Zoom lenses and were remotely controlled by the operator at the control board who can adjust each camera to a panoramic view of 270 degrees. As situation developed in the field, he would direct to the exact location. It is obvious that this type of operation is only adaptable to cities or areas containing great concentrations of people or traffic, but the idea is not only sound but also economical. With the use of the zoom lens now used in sports television, it is possible to pick up the license of fleeing automobiles. The possibilities are unlimited. THE PSYCHOLOGY OF OMNIPRESENCE: PATROL STRATEGY IN CRIME PREVENTION Police Omnipresence LEA 4 (Law Enforcement Operation Planning with Crime Mapping) https://www.scribd.com/document/565374125/Law-Enforcement-Operation-and-Planning-With-Crime-Mapping - It is the community’s perception that the police is always present anytime, anywhere, who are always ready to assist the public of any untoward eventuality. This, for a matter, will consciously promote a sense of security to the citizenry. -It is a crime repression activity of the police which is accomplished by making their presence known in such a way that even if they are longer present in a certain location, would be criminals would still have the impression that they are still around and would therefore refrain from committing an offense. Strategic objective of Police Omnipresence 1. The patrol officer to be seen alertly and constantly patrolling so as to establish a highly visible police presence thereby imposing; 2. A feeling of security on the part of the law abiding citizen 3. A feeling of fear on the part of the would be criminals. 4. A feeling of confidence that the police are constantly available to respond to any situation. Strategy of High and Low Visibility Patrols A. High visibility Patrol- the theory underlying the high visibility patrol is that increasing “the aura of police omnipresence” in the community can reduce certain types of crimes. Another strategy for high visibility patrol is the saturation concept wherein selected areas of the city is saturated by intensive patrol of clearly visible police equipped with 2- way radios. B. Low Visibility Patrol- A strategy wherein members of the force in plain cloth, patrol areas on foot or in unmarked vehicles where street crimes become high-risk crimes. The objectives are: 1. Increased apprehension of criminals engages in selected street crimes. 2. The deterrence of criminal activity as a result of greater probability of apprehension. Proactive and Reactive Patrol A. Proactive Patrol - It is the old system of police patrol activity which consists of continuously driving around the area of patrol waiting for something to happen and to react according in case something does happen. - An effort, which seeks to prevent crime from occurring. This involves the use of patrol officers of all crime analysis. It includes the effort by the beat officer to see trends in developing areas or individuals and to make measures to intercede. This could be a simple as talking to youngsters who are beginning to display behaviour problems, or advising a liquor store owner to cover his front window of the store during a robbery. B. Reactive Patrol -It is the more economical alternative patrol system, which has an objective approach against criminally as much as practicable. It addresses crime at its very root before it is able to develop into a felonious act. - an effort to respond to existing situations that confront them and the type of reaction may determine whether or not a suspect is arrested and prosecuted, or a problem is solved, or a life is saved. PATROL MANAGEMENT The following are simple but vital questions in the management of a patrol unit in your own department or in any police department: What is participative law enforcement? It is a system where the citizenry and the police work together to reduce crime prevent juvenile delinquency and criminal behavior, maintain the peace and reduce local problems which are the mutual responsibility of the police and the people. What is the difference between prevention and repression of criminal and delinquent behavior? Prevention is the aimed towards ways and means to reduce the desire of the human being to commit crime. Repression, on the other hand is the act of preventing the actual commission of crimes. Repression is leveled on the prevention of the very act itself which constitutes crimes. What is the meaning of the acronym COPS? The acronym COPS refers to Community Oriented Policing System. It is the deploying of policemen in police blocks to provide police and public safety services. It also involves the breaking down of large and impersonal police departments into small units to create as series of mini-police precincts, which are responsive to the smaller communities. What are the objectives of the PNP’s New COPS? 1.) To enhance police visibility in order to reach out to the community to serve the resident a policing out. 2.) To improve police community relation to gain public acceptance, build mutual respect and trust and promote cooperation. 3.) To attend sustained and integrated police-community participation, in crime prevention and suppression. What is police block? LEA 4 (Law Enforcement Operation Planning with Crime Mapping) https://www.scribd.com/document/565374125/Law-Enforcement-Operation-and-Planning-With-Crime-Mapping This is the NCOB (New Cops on the Block) Center of Command and Control of its activities and the police base from which the citizen may seek assistance whether in person by radio or telephone. What is the so-called “House Visitation”? It is a function of NCOBs where police officers on patrol visit every house and work place to offer crime prevention advice and to organize the neighbourhood crime watch groups. What is the so-called “Street Questioning” method? It is a method whereby policemen on patrol may interview within the bounds of law suspicious personalities at random in order to serve as a deterrent to those intended to commit a crime. What do you understand about the concept of “Team Policing”? It is a grass root approach undertaken to bring the people and the police together in a cooperative situation. Its distinguishing feature is the establishments of neighborhood crime watch groups to encourage the people to report crime and to assume greater interest and responsibility in crime prevention and suppression. What is the purpose of police uniform? As with any other occupation, the police uniform is intended to separate policemen from everyone who are not in the same line of work to avoid confusion and to assure others of his authority and his presence. Give the four kinds of inspections conducted by policemen on patrol. Policemen may conduct building inspection, crime prevention follow-up, house inspection and miscellaneous inspection. What is Patrol Hazard? This is a term used frequently to describe a specific condition or place that requires a patrol officer’s special attention. What is the importance of Vehicle inspection for Patrol? The emergency nature of police work demands that the vehicle they use be in the best condition as possible not only for routine patrol driving but also for pursuit operation. Hence, there is a need for regular vehicle inspection. What is the purpose of the District Orientation tour in preparing for patrol? Its purpose is to familiarize and orient policemen about the patterns and characteristics of his patrol area before vehicle inspection. Why participation of patrol in vice control necessary? Patrol participation in vice control is necessary in order to lessen the force needed in the vice-division; to increase its efficiency; to conserve time and energy of its members; and to focus its attention to the more serious vice violations. What are different types of calls response by the police patrol? ❖ ROUTINE CALL – Under this category, the mobile car is required to observe all traffic laws and rules and does not normally use its flashing lights and siren while on its way to the scene. This includes when the police responds to: ✔ Provide police car transportation. ✔ Obtain reports about offenses discovered after the criminal has left and which does not involve injury. ✔ Obtain information the nature of which is not given. ✔ Investigate apparently abandoned vehicles. ✔ Obtain damage reports. ✔ Provide additional traffic control and direction. ❖ URGENT CALL – This is similar to the routine call, which also requires the responding police car to observe all traffic rules and does not use its flashing lights or siren. However, it proceeds directly to its destination and does not stop unless an incident of far more serious nature occurs. This includes when the police responds to investigate: ✔ Trouble of unknown nature. ✔ Shoplifter complaint. ✔ Vehicular accidents in which there are no physical injuries. ✔ Prowler complaints. ✔ Lost children complaints ✔ Report of mob activities ✔ Reports of domestic or tenant- landlord or neighbour conflicts ❖ EMERGENCY CALL- in most cases, the category requires the use of the flashing light and fluctuating sire although there are exceptions which include the attempt to surprise criminals in the act. It is permissible in this case for the responding police car to violate traffic laws provided that extreme care is exercised while driving at high speed. This includes when the police responds to: ✔ Investigate a crime in progress ✔ Investigate a traffic accident in which people are injured. ✔ Rescue or assist another patroller in trouble. ✔ Aids an injured person. LEA 4 (Law Enforcement Operation Planning with Crime Mapping) https://www.scribd.com/document/565374125/Law-Enforcement-Operation-and-Planning-With-Crime-Mapping ✔ Pursue or apprehend suspected criminal/s ✔ Assist in fire fighting. ✔ Stop an ongoing fight in progress. THE ABC’S OF RADIO TRANSMISSION (A) Accuracy. It is the correctness and truthfulness of what is being communicated. The major cause of inaccuracy is haste and impatience. The old saying that “haste makes waste” certainly applies to police communications. (B) Brevity. This means using few words. Due to the expanding volume of radio traffic, it is essential that there be no unnecessary or repetitious words in the transmission. The use of police code can help maintain brevity. (C) Courtesy. It is necessary for rapid and efficient service. Courtesy begets courtesy. Anger begets anger. The courtesy in police communications is more of a form of respect than expressed words. It can be shown in the tone of voice. Clarity, the second C. BASIC RADIO OPERATIONS & MAINTENANCE PROCEDURE COMMUNICATIONS – is an act of communicating, conveying or imparting of information from one person to another or from one place to another. RADIO COMMUNICATION- a process of conveying information/ message from one point to another by means of electromagnetic waves (radio waves). MODES OF TRANSMISSION 1. SIMPLEX – using one frequency in transmit and receive. 2. HALF DUPLEX - two way communication in which both stations transmit and receive alternately using two(2) frequencies, one (1) on receive and one (1) on transmit. 3. FULL DUPLEX – two way communication in which both stations transmit and receive simultaneously. Ex. Telephone conversation. RULES AND REGULATIONS All Radio users must refrain from airing obscene, indecent and profane languages and the strict observance of Communication Security. The guidelines include the Security aspect of Radio users and personnel who are paramount to respect in Radio Communication. The primary reason is that a conversation thru Radio is the fastest means but does not guarantee the security because there are million listeners in the limitless Radio Frequency Spectrum. RADIO PROCEDURES 1. The techniques of using the Phoenix Language and Numerals 2. Radio network diagramming 3. Familiarized the ten APCO signal 4. The techniques in calling and answering 5. proper postures in communicating thru Radio 6. Implementing the use of station call signs and station call words 7. Use and care of Handled Radios and other Communications Electronics equipment. 8. Implementing the use of the users’ code name, wire sign of Operator and Code name of VIPS. 9. Preventive maintenance. APCO AND PHONETICS RADIO TELEPHONE PROWORDS AND PROCEDURES ACTION The addresses where designation immediately follows are to take action on this message. AFFIRMATIVE Yes, permission granted BREAK Getting in for important message and separation of the text from the other portion of the message. CORRECTION An error has been made on this transmission the correct version is that which follows in corrected version FIGURES Number or Numbers follows I READ BACK Response to instruction of reading back the received message I SPELL I shall spell-out the next words in phonetics I SHALL SAY IT AGAIN I repeat my transmission or portion indicated MESSAGE FOLLOWS A transmission of succeeding messages after proper recording. NEGATIVE No, not received. ORIGINATOR Indicated by address/designation of a sender READ BACK Repeat the entire transmission back to the sender exactly us received. RELAY TO Transmit this message to all addresses or designation immediately following. ROGER received your transmission satisfactorily SAY AGAIN Repeat all your transmission or portion of a message WILCO Compliance of an instruction in a message or any verbal instruction FADING A variation in strength of received signal at the point of reception AUTHENTICATION A security measure designed to protect a Communication System against fraudulent messages LEA 4 (Law Enforcement Operation Planning with Crime Mapping) https://www.scribd.com/document/565374125/Law-Enforcement-Operation-and-Planning-With-Crime-Mapping ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS MSG - message SCC - service RE - regarding CMA/CMM - comma PD - period or provincial director RPT - report VI - verbal instruction HWI - hand written instruction HWH - hand written note OOA - on or about WILCO - will comply FAS - firearms TD - target FAM - fastest available means DTs - dissidents terrorist ROST - request IMDTE - -immediate ASAP - as soon as possible ACK - acknowledge ITC/ITCON - in this connection NLT - not later than OPN - operation CLN - colon SMCLN - semicolon BI - background investigation LOI - letter of instruction IMPLAN - implementing plan PERS - personnel CTs - communist terrorist AVAIL - available SOP - standard operating system BT - break transmission REURAD - regarding your radio message OB - order of battle SUBMSN - submission PRO - Police Regional Office PPO - Police Provincial Office PS - Police Station CPS - City police Station DOC - documents ETA - estimated time of arrival DS - detached service/ detail station TNU - True Name Unknown MNU - Middle Name Unknown STN - station RMG - Regional Mobile Group MPS - Municipal Police Station TBAL - to be announced later PROM - promotion ETD - estimated time of departure INVSN - investigation FNU - First Name Unknown LNU - Last Name Unknown TEN APCO SIGNALS 10-0 - Caution 10-16 - Domestic Trouble 10-1 - Unable to Copy 10-17 - Meet Complainants 10-2 - Signal is good 10-18 - Complete Assignment 10-3 - Stop Transmitting 10-19 - Return to 10-4 - Acknowledgment 10-20 - Location 10-5 - Relay 10-21 - call by tel 10-6 - Busy standing unless urgent 10-22 - disregard 10-7 - Cut of Service 10-23 - Arrived at scene (give location and /or tel no.) 10-8 - In- service 10-24 - assignment completed 10-9 - Repeat 10-25 - Report in person (meet) 10-10 - Fight in progress 10-26 - Detaining sub, expedite 10-11 - Dog Chase 10-27 - Drivers license info 10-12 - Standby 10-28 - Vehicle registration info 10-13 - Weather and road report 10-29 10-14 - Report to prowler 10-30 - Checks records for wanted 10-15 - Civil Disturbance 10-31 - Crime Progress 10-66 - Msg cancellation 10-32 - Man with gun 10-67 - Clear for net msg 10-33 - Emergency 10-68 - Dispatch information 10-34 - Riot 10-69 - Msg received 10-35 - Major crime alert 10-70 - fire alarm 10-36 - Correct time 10-71 - Advice nature of fire 10-37 - Investigate suspicious vehicle 10-72 - Rept progress of fire 10-38 - stopping suspicious vehicle 10-73 - Smoke report 10-39 - Urgent use light sign 10-74 - Negative 10-40 - Silent run- no light sign 10-75 - In contact with 10-41 - Beginning tour of duty 10-76 - En route 10-42 - Ending tour of duty 10-77 - estimated time of arrival 10-13 - Information 10-78 - Need assistance 10-14 - Request permission to leave control 10-79 - Notify 10-45 - animal carcass at 10-80 - kidnapping 10-46 - assist motorist 10-81 - Stolen vehicle 10-47 - Emergency road repairs at 10-82 - Reserved lodging 10-48 - Traffic standard need at 10-83 - Found vehicle 10-49 - Traffic light out 10-84 - If- meeting advice CTA 10-50 - accident 10-85 - Delayed due to 1051 - Wrecker needed 10-86 - Missing person 10-52 - Ambulance needed 10-87 - Pick up distribute check 10-53 - Road Blocked 10-88 - Present no. of 10-54 - Livestock on highway 10-89 - Pick up prison subject 10-55 - Intoxicated driver 10-90 - Bank alarm 10-56 - Intoxicated pedestrian 10-91 - Unnecessary use of radio 10-57 - Hit and Run (F,P, PD) 10-92 - Wanted person 10-58 - Direct traffic 10-93 - Bloakable 10-59 - Convoy or escort 10-94 - Drag Racing 10-60 - Squad in Vicinity 10-95 - Stolen subject 10-61 - personnel in area 10-96 - Mental subject 10-67 - Reply to msg 10-97 - 10-63 - Prepare to make written report 10-98 - Prison jail 10-64 - Msg for local delivery 10-99 - Records indicate wanted person 10-65 - Net msg assignment CROWD CONTROL AND RIOT PREVENTION Definition of Terms Tumultuous – The disturbance or interruption shall be deemed tumultuous if caused by more than three persons who are armed or provided with means of violence. Outcry – The means to shout subversive or proactive words tending to stir up the people to obtain by means of force or violence. Crowd – It consists of a body of individual people with no organization, no single partnership. Each individual’s behavior is fairly controlled and ruled by reason. All the participants have been thrown by circumstance into a crowd for some common purpose that may give them a least one thing in common. Mob – A mob takes on the semblance of organization with some common motive for action, such as revenge for a crime committed on the scene where the crowd assembled, an aggravated fight, or a confrontation with the police. At time like this, there is already a strong feeling of togetherness (“we are one” attitude). Riot – It is a violent confusion in a crowd. Once a mob started to become violent, it becomes a riot. Riot, in general is an offense against the public peace. It is interpreted as a tumultuous disturbance by several persons who have unlawfully assembled to assist one another, by the use of force if necessary, against anyone LEA 4 (Law Enforcement Operation Planning with Crime Mapping) https://www.scribd.com/document/565374125/Law-Enforcement-Operation-and-Planning-With-Crime-Mapping opposing them in the execution of some enterprise of a private nature, and who execute such enterprise in a violent manner, to the terror of the people. Under the law, it is punishable for any organizer or leader of any meeting attended by armed persons for the purpose of committing any of the crimes punishable under the Revised Penal Code, or any meeting in which the audience is incited to the commission of the crimes of treason, rebellion or insurrection, sedition or assault upon a person in authority or his agents (Art. 146, RPC). It is also punishable for any person who shall cause any serious disturbance in a public place, office, or establishment, or shall interrupt or disturb public functions or gatherings or peaceful meetings (Art. 153, RPC). What is the Role of Planning in Crowd Control or Riot Prevention? A sound organizational planning, training, logistical support and a high departmental morale are the essential success elements in modern counter-riot operations. The control of violent civil disorder involving large segments of the population, especially in congested urban areas, requires a disciplined, aggressive police counter-action which at the same time adheres to the basic law enforcement precepts. This is done through effective police operational planning. Through planning, the law violators can be arrested and processed within the existing legal frameworks by the exercise of reasonable force. Without an immediate decisive police action, the continually recurring conditions of civil unrest and lawlessness could quickly evolve into a full-scale riot. Police planning could provide the best police reaction and order can be restored with a minimum of property damage and injury. WHAT ARE THE POLICE PURPOSE AND OBJECTIVES IN ANTI-RIOT OPERATIONS? ∙ Containment – Unlawful assembly and riot are as contagious as plagued unless they are quarantined from the unaffected areas of the community. In here, all persons who are at scene should be advised to leave the area, thereby reducing the number of potential anti-police combatants. ∙ Dispersal – The crowd of unlawful assembly or riot should be dispersed at once. It may appear at first to be a legal assembly but the nature of assembly at the time of the arrival of the police may clearly distinguish it as being unlawful. Once it is determined, the responsibility of the police to command the people to disperse. Crowd control formations may be done if necessary to expedite their movements. ∙ Prevention of Entry or Reentry – The police have to protect the area once the people have been moved out or dissipated into smaller groups to prevent them from returning. Enforce quarantine by not allowing the group to resume their actions. ∙ Arrest Violator – One of the first acts of the police upon arrival at the scene of the disturbance is to locate and isolate individuals who are inciting the crowd to violate or fragrantly violating the law. Prevent any attempt by the crow or mob to rescue those arrested by enforcing total quarantine. ∙ Establish Priorities – Depending upon the circumstances, it is always necessary to establish priorities. Assessing the situation to determine the nature of assistance and number of men needed is part of the planning process. WHAT ARE THE BASIC PROCEDURES IN ANTI-RIOT OPERATIONS? 1. Assess the Situation – Determine whether the original purpose of the gathering was lawful or not – Determine also the lawfulness at the time of arrival at the scene – Assess their attitude, emotional state, and their general condition – Determine any state of intoxication and other conditions that may lead to violence – Identify the cause of the problem – Locate and identify leaders or agitators 2. Survey the Scene – Determine as soon as possible the best condition of the command post – Locate the best vintage point of observations – Consider geographical factors such as natural barriers, buildings, and weather condition – Note the best method of approach 3. Communicate – Report on your assessment, keeping your assessment brief but concise, giving your superior the sufficient data with which to proceed for plans of action – Ask for assistance or help from the command post hence remain close to the radio as possible until additional units arrived or to communicate new developments. 4. Maintain a Watchful Waiting – Make your presence known to the people in the vicinity – If the crowd is too much to handle, stay near the command post and wait for additional supports units – Use radio or other means of communications to call for assistance – Make preparations for decisive police action. 5. Concentrate on Rescue and Self-Defense – Take care of the immediate needs of the situation until help arrives – Apply first aid to the injured people and self-protection must be considered – Remember the primary objective of protecting lives, property and the restoration of order 6. Maintain an Open Line of Communication – Keep the dispatcher advised on the progress of the scene LEA 4 (Law Enforcement Operation Planning with Crime Mapping) https://www.scribd.com/document/565374125/Law-Enforcement-Operation-and-Planning-With-Crime-Mapping – Continue directing the support units to the scene and the general perimeter control 7. Establish a Command Post – Follow what is in your contingency plan for civil disturbance – Make every officer aware of the command post for proper coordination 8. Take immediate action for serious violations – Arrest perpetrators – Isolate the leaders or agitators from the crowd – Show full police force strength 9. Give the dispersal order – Disperse the crowd upon order – Anti-riot formations and procedures must be used – Use of force necessary for dispersal maybe considered WHAT ARE THE GENERAL GUIDELINES IN HANDLING RIOT? 1. Preplanning must be high on the agenda whenever the department anticipates any disorder or major disturbance. 2. Meet with responsible leaders at the scene and express your concern for assuring them their constitutional guarantees. Request them to disperse the crowd before attempting to take police action. 3. Maintain order and attempt to quell the disturbance without attempting to punish any of the violators. 4. Use only the force that is necessary but take positive and decisive action. 5. Post the quarantine area with signs and barricades, if necessary. 6. Keep the traffic lane open for emergency and support vehicle. 7. Consider the fact that most impressive police action at the scene of any type of major disturbance is the expeditious removal of the leaders by a well-disciplined squad of officers. 8. For riot control, consider the following: ✔ Surprise Offensive – The police action in its initial stages at a riot must be dramatic. The elements of surprise may enhance effectiveness of riot control. ✔ Security of Information – Plans for action and communications regarding the movement of personnel and equipment should be kept confidential ✔ Maximum utilization of Force – A show of police force should be made in a well- organized manner, compact, and efficient in a military-type squad formation. ✔ Flexibility of Assignments – Officers and terms should be flexibility assigned to various places where the need is greatest. ✔ Simplicity – Keep the plan as simple as possible and the instructions are direct to avoid mass confusion among the officers. WHAT ARE THE SPECIAL PROBLEMS IN CROWD CONTROL AND RIOT OPERATIONS? 1. Snipers – Certain psychopathic people may attempt to take advantage of the mass confusion and excitement at a riot scene by taking a concealed position and shooting at people with some type of weapons, usually rifle. How to handle this? – clear the area of innocent bystanders – isolate the area and guard against possible escape of the suspects – use whatever force necessary to take him into custody – assign anti-snipers team especially in aggravated situations Arsonist – Persons holding torch in their hands are potential arsonists. They must be taken into custody immediately. Looters – Acts of simple misdemeanor thefts or may consists of robbery of breaking and entering. Take the suspects into custody by whatever means are necessary. RALLIES AND DEMONSTRATIONS GUIDELINES a. The PNP adheres to the Code of Conduct for Law Enforcement Officials adopted by the General Assembly of the United Nations which requires law enforcement officials to respect and protect human dignity, maintain and uphold the human rights of all persons, and limit the use of force to situations where it is strictly necessary and to the extent required for the performance of their duty. b. Public assemblies held in freedom parks or in private properties do not need a permit for the activity. Public assembly with permit or one held in a freedom park or private property shall not be dispersed as long as it remains peaceful and no incident of violence occurs. c. The PNP shall provide police assistance only when requested by the leaders or organizers for maintenance of peace and order or to ensure the safety of those participating in the public assemblies held in freedom parks or in private properties. LEA 4 (Law Enforcement Operation Planning with Crime Mapping) https://www.scribd.com/document/565374125/Law-Enforcement-Operation-and-Planning-With-Crime-Mapping d. A public assembly held in a public place must have a permit from the mayor of the city or municipality exercising jurisdiction over the place where it will be held. e. A public assembly held with or without a permit may be peacefully dispersed. A public assembly with a permit may be dispersed if the same is being held in violation of the terms and conditions imposed in the permit. In both cases, before conducting any dispersal operation, the PNP shall notify the concerned organizers and leaders of the public assembly. f. Lightning demonstrations or rallies in areas where public assembly is prohibited shall be dispersed peacefully. However, should any of the participants refuse to disperse voluntarily or violate any law or ordinance during an unauthorized public assembly, they shall be taken into police custody and be charged accordingly. g. Ground Commanders are responsible in determining whether there is a permit for the holding of the public assembly. h. Close coordination with the mayor of the city or municipality, or his representative where the public assembly is being held should always be maintained especially when a permit has not been issued but an application has been filed prior to the holding of the public assembly. i. Maximum tolerance shall be exercised in the conduct of dispersal operations. Violators of the law shall be apprehended and brought to the nearest Police Station for proper disposition. LIMITATIONS ON THE ROLE OF THE PNP DURING RALLIES AND DEMONSTRATIONS The PNP shall not interfere with the holding of a public assembly. However, to ensure public safety and to maintain peace and order during the assembly, the police contingent under the command of a Police Commissioned Officer preferably with the rank of Police Senior Inspector may be detailed and stationed in a place at least one hundred (100) meters away from the area of activity. POLICE RESPONSES DURING PUBLIC ASSEMBLY The following are the police responses during the planning stage, initial and peaceful stage, confrontational stage, violent stage and post operation stage: a. During Planning Stage 1) Initiate dialogue with the leaders/organizers to ensure the peaceful holding of a public assembly, including among others, the detail of police escorts. 2) Prepare appropriate security and CDM contingency plans. b. During Initial and Peaceful Stage ✔ With Permit or Held in Freedom Parks/ Private Properties The PNP shall not interfere with the holding of a public assembly. However, to adequately ensure public safety, a CDM contingent, under the control and supervision of a PCO shall be stationed at least one hundred (100) meters away from the area where the public assembly is being held. Monitor the activities at the public assembly area and respond to any request for police assistance. ✔ Without Permit or Permit has been Revoked As soon as it becomes apparent that an assembly is being held in a public place, the Ground Commander shall immediately conduct an inquiry whether the assembly is covered with a permit or not. If a permit could not be shown, verification should immediately be done with the Office of the Mayor having jurisdiction over the place where the public assembly is being held. Should the Office of the Mayor confirm that a permit has not been issued, the leaders/organizers shall be informed of the fact that they are violating the law and will be asked to disperse peacefully. The PNP shall exhaust all peaceful remedies to persuade the demonstrators to disperse. This may include the involvement of Local Chief Executives / community leaders when available to intervene in the situation so that dispersal operations could be avoided. Should negotiation fail and the demonstrators refuse to disperse voluntarily and peacefully, thereby causing public inconvenience, CDM contingents may commence dispersal operations. ✔ During Breach of Peace/Confrontational Stage (With or without permit) No public assembly with a permit shall be dispersed. However, when a public assembly becomes violent, the CDM contingents may disperse such public assembly in the following manner: 1) At the first sign of impending violence, the Ground Commander shall call the attention of the leaders/organizers of the public assembly and ask the latter to prevent any possible disturbance. CDM contingents shall hold the line to prevent demonstrators from proceeding to other areas where the holding of a public assembly is prohibited. 2) If actual violence reaches a point where rocks or other harmful objects fromthe participants are thrown at the CDM contingents or the non-participants, or at any property causing damage to it, the Ground Commander shall audibly warn the participants that if the disturbance persists, the public assembly will be dispersed; 3) If the violence or disturbance does not stop, the Ground Commander shall audibly issue a warning to the participants of the public assembly, and after allowing a reasonable period of time to lapse, shall immediately order it to disperse. With the use of CDM formations, the rank of demonstrators shall be disbanded, contained, and isolated from each other, and should be prevented from regrouping. LEA 4 (Law Enforcement Operation Planning with Crime Mapping) https://www.scribd.com/document/565374125/Law-Enforcement-Operation-and-Planning-With-Crime-Mapping 4) Water cannons and riot sticks maybe used to repel aggression and to disperse demonstrators and reserve CDM contingents may be employed when situation requires. 5) No arrest of any leader, organizer or participant shall be made unless he violates during the assembly a law, statute, or ordinance. d. During Violent Stage 1) Non-lethal weapons and equipment may be used to suppress violence, to protect lives and prevent further damage to properties. 2) The PNP security elements shall be tactically deployed to provide immediate assistance to the CDM contingents. e. Post-Operation Stage: 1) CDM contingents shall be withdrawn after the area has been cleared of possible danger to public safety. 2) Sufficient police force shall be maintained to ensure peace and order in the area. Guidelines in the Use of Non- Lethal Weapons a. Shield and Truncheon During the confrontational stage, truncheon may be utilized only to push back demonstrators and not as an instrument to strike individuals. However, when demonstrators become aggressive, truncheon shall be the principal non-lethal weapon for dispersal. In such situation, CDM contingents shall nonetheless, use the same with caution and due diligence to avoid unnecessary injury. b. Water Cannons Water cannons may be utilized when demonstrators become unruly and aggressive forcing troops to fall back to their secondary positions. c. Tear Gas Tear gas may be utilized to break up formations or groupings of demonstrations who continue to be aggressive and refused to disperse despite earlier efforts. HOSTAGE SITUATION/BARRICADED SITUATIONS Procedure to be followed in a Hostage Situation The following steps shall be undertaken: a. A Crisis Management Task Group shall be activated immediately. b. Incident scene shall be secured and isolated. c. Unauthorized persons shall not be allowed entry and exit to the incident scene. d. Witnesses’ names, addresses, and other information shall be recorded. Witnesses shall be directed to a safe location. Negotiators ✔ Note: Negotiator is the Mayor of the area. In his absence, he may tap a representative or may designate the Ground Commander as the negotiator himself. No one shall be allowed to talk to the hostage-taker without clearance from the negotiator or Ground Commander. ✔ An assault team shall be alerted for deployment in case the negotiation fails. Members of the assault team shall wear authorized and easily recognizable uniform during the conduct of the operation. ✔ The assault shall be planned to ensure minimal threat to life for all parties. ✔ An ambulance with medical crew and a fire truck shall be detailed at the incident area. ✔ Proper coordination with all participating elements shall be done to consolidate efforts in solving the crisis. ✔ In negotiating for the release of a hostage, the safety of the hostage shall always be paramount. Guidelines during Negotiations a. Situation must be stabilized first and contained before the start of the negotiation; b. Do not introduce outsiders (non-law enforcement officers) into the negotiation process, unless their presence is extremely necessary in the solution of the crisis. If so introduced, they shall be properly advised on the do’s and don’ts of hostage negotiations; and c. Police officers without proper training shall not be allowed to participate in hostage negotiations. BOMB, BOMB THREAT AND BOMB INCIDENT EMERGENCY RESPONSE PROCEDURES ✔ Bomb A bomb can appear obvious or concealed and can vary in size, shape or sophistication and may not necessarily explode such as in the case of incendiary and dirty bombs. It may be referred to as Improvised Explosives Device (IED) or ordnance. ✔ Bomb Threat Bomb threat is either a written or verbal threat communicated through electronic means, oral or other means that threatens to place or uses an IED at a certain time, date, or place against any specific person or place. The FR, the police investigator, and the police detective must remember the following basic facts on bomb threat: a. A threat is considered only a threat until something visible is found; b. Determined bombers do not frequently give warnings of a possible explosion/incendiary attack; LEA 4 (Law Enforcement Operation Planning with Crime Mapping) https://www.scribd.com/document/565374125/Law-Enforcement-Operation-and-Planning-With-Crime-Mapping c. Threats are an excellent way to disrupt productivity without actually risking life, limb and/or property; d. The consequences of conviction for “threatening” are not necessarily as serious as those that could result from actual placement/initiation of a bomb. First Responder’s Procedure on Bomb Threat The following are the guidelines for FRs during a bomb threat: Upon receipt of the information: 1) Treat all threats as serious until proven otherwise; 2) Determine the exact location of the establishment under threat. 3) Assess or analyse the threat whether it is a long term or a short term threat. 4) Consider evacuation options such as: Option 1 - Do Nothing Option 2 - Search with partial evacuation Option 3 - Search and evacuation Option 4 - Evacuate immediately 5) Alert Explosives Ordnance Demolition Team (EODT) for bomb search mission and emergency readiness before going to the crime scene. 6) Proceed immediately to the scene. 7) Notify Higher Headquarters of any development. First Responder’s Procedure in Case of Actual Bomb Explosion The following are guidelines for FRs during cases of actual bomb explosions: a. Upon receipt of the report: 1) Identify exact location of the incident; 2) Alert EOD teams and direct them to proceed to the area; 3) Notify Higher Headquarters of the situation; 4) Request assistance of medical personnel; and 5) Proceed to the scene immediately. b. Upon arrival at the scene: 1) Cause immediate evacuation of the injured; 2) Direct occupants of the establishment to evacuate; 3) Maintain order and control crowd; 4) Notify Higher Headquarters of the situation; 5) Seal off location until EOD Team determines if a secondary device exists; 6) Conduct rescue operations at the scene when necessary; 7) Initiate immediate investigation if investigators have not yet arrived and determine the following: Time of detonation/explosion, Time when the call for bomb threat was received, Type of device. 8) Submit incident report immediately 9) Avoid issuing “speculative” press releases or statements DISASTER AND EMERGENCY PLANNING Emergency and disaster planning is one of the most important interrelated function in a security system. It is important in any organization as physical security, fire protection, guard forces, security of documents and personnel security. Emergency and disaster planning refers to the preparation in advance of protective and safety measures for unforeseen events resulting from natural and human actions. Disaster plans outline the actions to be taken by those designated fo

LEA 4 Law Enforcement Operation Planning With Crime Mapping PDF

Document Details

Tags

Related

Summary

Full Transcript

Upgrade to continue