Language Arts 4 Reviewer (2nd Quarter) PDF

**[LANGUAGE ARTS 4]** **CONJUNCTION** A word used to connect clauses or sentences or to coordinate words in the same clause. - **INDEPENDENT CLAUSE** A group of words that contains a subject and verb and expresses a complete thought. *"Our planets revolve around the sun."* - **DEPENDENT CL...

**[LANGUAGE ARTS 4]** **CONJUNCTION** A word used to connect clauses or sentences or to coordinate words in the same clause. - **INDEPENDENT CLAUSE** A group of words that contains a subject and verb and expresses a complete thought. *"Our planets revolve around the sun."* - **DEPENDENT CLAUSE** A group of words that contains a subject and verb but does not express a complete thought. *"If Denise comes to class late"* **Coordinating** Join words and join independent clauses*.* - F - for - A - and - N - nor - B -- but - O - or - Y - yet - S - so **Subordinating** Add dependent clauses to independent clauses. - although - because - if - since - unless - until - whenever **Correlative** Connect concepts of equal importance. - neither/nor - either/or - not only/but also - as/as **KINDS OF SENTENCES ACCORDING TO FUNCTION** **Declarative** used to convey information or make statements. *I can play the violin.\ * **Interrogative** used to ask questions.\ *Can you help me?* **Imperative** used to issue orders or directives. *Do your homework.* **Exclamatory** used to make exclamations. *You look so beautiful!* **PARTS OF A PARAGRAPH** **Paragraph** is a group of sentences that convey an idea. **Topic sentence** clearly states the subject of the whole paragraph. **The supporting sentences** after the topic sentence help to develop the main idea. These sentences give specific details related to the topic sentence. **Concluding Sentence** often restates or summarizes the main idea of the topic sentence. **PRIMARY AND SECONDARY SOURCES** **Diaries and Journals** \- a book in which one keeps a daily record. "The Diary of Anne Frank" **Speeches** \- formal talk given usually to a large number of people on a special occasion. "I Have a Dream" By Martin Luther King Jr. **Historical Documents** \- Reliable or signed documents that contain important information about a person, place, or event. Birth Certificates, Government records, Deeds Court documents, Military records, Tax records, Art Census records, The Constitution **Published first-hand accounts** \- Documented and verified accounts of those who were in the event you are studying or eyewitnesses of the said events. "A war veteran sharing his experiences fighting on the frontlines of a war." Photographs, Footages and Videos \- visual evidences that were taken during the actual events. Newspapers, letters, and Magazines \- Can be primary or secondary sources depending if it was written during the time of the actual event or if it was based on other sources. ADVANTAGES: It gives real and unfiltered information in the past about the person or event that is being studied. Gives us a realistic sense or view on the past event or about the person that we are studying. DISADVANTAGES: Some primary sources may be biased such as biographies, first- hand accounts and interviews. May be incomplete or unusable. You rely solely on your own knowledge and interpretation of the source. **A secondary source** is something written about a primary source. Secondary sources are written \"after the fact\" - that is, at a later date. You can think of secondary sources as second-hand information. Examples: Almanacs are annual publication listing a set of current information about one or multiple subjects. "World Almanac 2021" Encyclopedias are sets of books giving information on many subjects typically arranged alphabetically. "Encyclopedia Britannica" Biography is a detailed description of a person\'s life written by another person. "The Biography of Abraham Lincoln" Textbooks are informational book that you use specifically for a class at school. ADVANTAGES: It gives filtered and expert-verified information about someone or something that you are studying. Can provide you with different views regarding the topic of what you are studying. Can provide you with an interpreted and summarized information about a subject or an event. DISADVANTAGES: Cannot give the exact information but an expert's interpretation of the primary source that it is from. May not be reliable or valid. Some of them may provide misinterpreted or misleading information. **INTERNET RESEARCH** - ways in which researchers can collect data via the internet. They are also referred to as Internet research, Internet science or iScience, or Web-based methods. **Context Clues** are hints that the author gives to help define a difficult or unusual word. The clue may appear within the same sentence as the word to which it refers, or it may follow in a preceding sentence. Because most of your vocabulary is gained through reading, it is important that you be able to recognize and take advantage of context clues. Types of context clues. There are at least four kinds of context clues that are quite common. **Synonym** A synonym, or word with the same meaning, is used in the sentence. My opponent\'s argument is fallacious, misleading -- plain wrong. **Antonym** A word or group of words that has the opposite meaning reveals the meaning of an unknown term. Although some men are loquacious, others hardly talk at all. **Explanation** The unknown word is explained within the sentence or in a sentence immediately preceding. The patient is so somnolent that she requires medication to help her stay awake for more than a short time. **Example** Specific examples are used to define the term. Celestial bodies, such as the sun, moon, and stars, are governed by predictable laws.