Lab 5 PPT - Joints & Ligaments (6) PDF

BIOL117: Human Anatomy & Physiology I for the Health Sciences Joints & Ligaments Pectoral Girdle vs Shoulder Pectoral Girdle Consists of the scapula and clavicle Refers to scapular specific movements /Does not involve humeral motion Scapular motions - Upw...

BIOL117: Human Anatomy & Physiology I for the Health Sciences Joints & Ligaments Pectoral Girdle vs Shoulder Pectoral Girdle Consists of the scapula and clavicle Refers to scapular specific movements /Does not involve humeral motion Scapular motions - Upward rotation, downward rotation, retraction, protection, elevation, depression Shoulder (Glenohumeral While they are Joint) separate when Humeral head + glenoid fossa talking about anatomy, they (scapula) must work together Abduction, adduction, flexion, during movement! extension, internal rotation, external rotation, horizontal abd, horizontal add Scapular movements Glenohumeral (Shoulder) Movements Flexion Extension Abduction Adduction External Rotation Internal Rotation Horizontal Adduction Horizontal Abduction Circumduction Circumduction ABDuction—movement of a body part in the frontal plane away from the midline of the body ADDuction—movement in the frontal plane back toward the midline Shoulder Humeroulnar (Elbow) Movements Flexion Extension Supination and Pronation (Radioulnar) Supination— forearm movement that turns palm to face anteriorly or upward Forearm supinated in anatomical position Radius is parallel to the ulna Think- supination- hold cup of soup in this position Pronation—forearm movement that turns palm to face either posteriorly or downward Head of radius spins Radius crosses stationary ulna like an X Pronation and supination occur at elbow! Not wrist. Think of the structure of the proximal radioulnar joint. They pivot! 9-9 Radiocarpal (Wrist) Movements Flexion Extension Radial Deviation Abduction Ulnar Deviation Adduction *Remember, adduction and adduction determined in anatomical position Metacarpophalangeal/ Interphalangeal (Finger) Movements Abduction Flexion Adduction Extension Occur at MCP Occur at MCP, DIP, (knuckle) joint PIP joints (DIP = distal / PIP = proximal) 1st Carpometacarpal (Thumb) Movements Flexion Extension Abduction Adduction Opposition  Movements of Trunk Figure 9.19a,b,c Trunk Flexion— forward-bending movements at the waist or neck Trunk Extension— straightening trunk or neck Trunk Hyperextension— bending over backward Trunk Lateral Flexion— tilting the head or trunk to the right or left at the midline Trunk Rotation – twisting side to side 9-13  C- Spine (Neck) Movements Extensio Flexio Lateral Flexion n n Rotation Extension Lateral Flexion Neck Rotation Lateral Remember that pivot Flexion joint?  Lower Extremity Movements Acetabulofemoral (Hip) Joint Flexion Extension Abduction Adduction Internal rotation External rotation Circumduction *Medial rotation = Internal rotation Tibiofemoral (Knee) Joint Flexion Extension Anatomical position ANKLE – 2 Articulations Talocrural Joint Tibia and talus Plantarflexion Pointing the plantar aspect of the foot Dorsiflexion Brining toes towards dorsal side ANKLE Subtalar Joint Sub-below, talar- talus= subtalar Inversion – rolling ankle in Eversion – rolling ankle out TOES 1st Phalanx & Phalanges 2-5 @ MTP Joint Flexion Extension Abduction Adduction Phalanges 1-5 @ DIP & PIP Flexion Extension Movement Pairs Notice every joint has a pairing that has similar motions in the body Shoulder + hip Elbow + knee Wrist + ankle Trunk + cervical spine Memorize one, you memorize the other!  Joint Structure Basic Terminology Joint: ◦ A point of articulation between two or more bones that allows for motion ◦ These articulations occur at the articular surfaces of each bone Articular Surface: ◦ The articular surfaces of bones ◦ Any surface of a bone that makes direct contact with another bone structure  Joints Name & Classification Joint name – ◦ Typically derived from the names of the bones that are articulating ◦ Example: Radius + Ulna = Radioulnar joint ◦ Sternum + clavicle = Sternoclavicular joint Joint classification – ◦ Categorized according to the way the bones articulate, and the motions that can occur there ◦ Example- Ball and socket- allows for a lot of motion, hip and shoulder ◦ Example- Hinge- Flexion and extension, knee and elbow  Bony Bony joint- an immovable joint formed when the gap between two bones fuses and 2 bones become one Examples: ◦ Left and right mandibular bones ◦ Hip Bone (ilium, ischium, pubis) ◦ Sacrum/Coccyx  Fibrous *Generally immovable joints Suture ◦Suture of the skull Syndesmosis ◦Strong ligamentous structures ◦ Space between radius and ulna filled w/ strong ligaments  Cartilaginous Two bones linked together by cartilage Cartilaginous joints can either be made up of either… ◦ Hyaline Cartilage ◦ Costal cartilage ◦ Fibro-cartilage ◦ Pubic symphysis  Synovial * Freely moveable joints ◦ Synovial Joint- two bones separated by a cavity ◦ Must meet certain criteria to be synovial ◦ Have articular cartilage ◦ Joint cavity ◦ Synovial Fluid ◦ Joint capsule ◦ Motion is possible in one or more planes Structural Classification of Joints Structural Classification Type Bony Immovable Fibrous Generally Immovable Cartilaginous Allows slight movement Synovial Freely movable  General Anatomy of Synovial Joints ◦ Tendon: dense collagenous tissue attaching muscle to bone ◦ Ligament: strip of collagenous tissue attaching one bone to another bone ◦ Bursa: sac filled with synovial fluid that cushions muscles, provides lubrication helps tendons slide more easily over joints 9-29 Review 1. True or false, the knee is capable of abduction and adduction. 2. True or false, supination and pronation occur at the wrist. 3. What type of joint is freely moveable? a. Fibrous b. Bony c. Cartilaginous d. Synovial 4. Pointing your toes like pushing a gas pedal is what motion? a. Inversion b. Eversion c. Dorsiflexion d. Plantarflexion  Upper Extremity Joints Sternoclavicular Sternum + Clavicle Glenohumeral Glenoid + Humerus Shoulder Acromioclavicular (AC) Acromion + clavicle Top of Shoulder Humeroulnar Humerus + ulna Elbow Radioulnar (Proximal & Radius + ulna distal) Radiocarpal Radius + carpals Wrist Metacarpophalangeal Metacarpals + phalanges Knuckles (MCP) Trapeziometacarpal joint Trapezium + metacarpal Base of thumb (1st CMC) Proximal interphalangeal Prox P + Middle P (PIP) Distal interphalangeal Middle P + Distal P (DIP)  Shoulder Ligaments Coracoacromial ligament Coracoid → acromion Coracoclavicular ligament (2) Transvers Coracoid → clavicle e ligament Glenohumeral ligament Glenoid → humerus Transverse ligament Roof over biceps brachii tendon Coracoacromial Ligament Coracoid → acromion Coracoclavicular Ligament Coracoid → clavicle Glenohumeral Ligament Glenoid → Humerus Transverse Ligament Roof over biceps brachii tendon Glenoid Labrum Surrounds perimeter of glenoid cavity Adds stability to the joint and deepens socket  Study Slide Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Acromioclavicular Acromi ligament Clavi on cle Subacromia Coraco- l clavicular bursa ligament Supraspinatus tendon Coraco- Coracohumera acromia l l ligament Subdeltoid ligament bursa Coracoi d Subscapulari process s tendon Transverse Subcoracoi humeral d ligament bursa Subscapula Tendon r sheath bursa Biceps brachii tendon (long head) Glenohumera Humer l us ligaments (b) Anterior view Figure 9.24b 9-38 Elbow Ligaments Ulnar Collateral Ligament (UCL) Radial Collateral Ligament (RCL) Annular Ligament Ulnar Collateral Ligament (UCL) Medial Elbow Ligament (ulnar side) Medial Epicondyle → ulnar tuberosity Radial Collateral Ligament (RCL) Lateral Epicondyle Capitulu m Annular Ligament *encircles the head of the radius for stability of the proximal radioulnar joint  Wrist Ligaments *AT= anatomical Ulnar Collateral Ligament position (UCL) ◦ Ulnar side, medial in anatomical position Radial Collateral Ligament (RCL) ◦ Radial side, lateral in anatomical position Palmar Radiocarpal Ligament ◦ Palmar region ◦ Attaches carpals to radius  Lower Extremity Joints Acetabulofemoral Acetabulum + femur Hip Sacroiliac Sacrum + ilium Low back Tibiofemoral Tibia + Femur Knee Patellofemoral Patella + femur Tibiofibular (prox and distal) Tibia + fibula Talocrural Talus + Tibia Superior ankle Subtalar Calcaneus + talus Lower ankle Metatarsophalangeal Metatarsals + phalanges Proximal interphalangeal Prox P + Middle P Distal Interphalangeal Middle P + Distal P  Lower Extremity ⦿ Ligaments Lateral Collateral Ligament (LCL) ⦿ Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) ⦿ Posterior Cruciate Ligament (PCL) ⦿ Anterior Talofibular Ligament (ATF) ⦿ Posterior Talofibular Ligament (PTF) ⦿ Calcaneofibular Ligament (CF) ⦿ Deltoid Ligament ⦿ Iliofemoral ligament ⦿ Pubofemoral ligament ⦿ Ischiofemoral ligament Acetabulofemoral Joint- Hip Hip Ligaments Iliofemoral Ligament ◦ “Y” ligament Pubofemoral Ligament Ischiofemoral Iliofemoral Ligament Ilium → femur = iliofemoral Y Ligament Pubofemoral Ligament Pubic bone → femur = pubofemoral Ischiofemoral Ligament Ischium → femur = ischiofemoral Knee Ligaments Medial Collateral Ligament (MCL) Lateral Collateral Ligament (LCL) Posterior Cruciate Ligament (PCL) Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) Medial Collateral Ligament (MCL) Attaches to medial tibia Lateral Collateral Ligament *fibular(LCL) side Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) Anterior views Posterior Cruciate Ligament (PCL) Both are anterior views ACL PCL Anterior views  Menisci Medial Lateral Meniscus Meniscus Fibul a Tibial Tuberosit y Patella Tendon Patella → tibial tuberosity Ankle Ligaments Anterior Talofibular Ligament (ATF) Posterior Talofibular Ligament (PTF) Lateral side Calcaneofibular Ligament (CF) Deltoid Ligament Medial side  Anterior Talofibular Anterior talus → fibula = anterior talofibular Calcaneofibular Calcaneus → fibula =calcaneofibular Lateral Side Deltoid Ligaments Medial Side Achilles Tendon Posterior View Lateral View Review 1. Which of the following is NOT a lateral ankle ligament? a. Anterior talofibular b. Posterior talofibular c. Deltoid ligaments d. Calcaneofibular 2. What is the name of the ligament that encircles the head of the radius? a. UCL b. RCL c. Annular d. Coracoid 3. How many cruciate ligaments are there in the knee? a. 2 b. 4 c. 3 d. 1