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PARIPEX - INDIAN JOURNAL OF RESEARCH | Volume - 12 | Issue - 01 |January - 2023 | PRINT ISSN No. 2250 - 1991 | DOI : 10.36106/paripex ORIGINAL RESEARCH PAPER Ayurveda EVALUATION OF DHARANIYA V...

PARIPEX - INDIAN JOURNAL OF RESEARCH | Volume - 12 | Issue - 01 |January - 2023 | PRINT ISSN No. 2250 - 1991 | DOI : 10.36106/paripex ORIGINAL RESEARCH PAPER Ayurveda EVALUATION OF DHARANIYA VEGA (SUPPRESSIBLE URGES) BY DEVELOPING TOOLS OF ASSESSMENT W.S.R. TO KEY WORDS: Ayurveda, MANODAIHIKA SIDDHANT (PSYCHOSOMATIC CONCEPT) Dharaniya Vega, Manodaihika AND ROLE OF SATTVAVAJAY CHIKITSAA IN SUPPRESSION Siddhant, Sattvavajay Chikitsa, OF DHARANIYA VEGA -A CLINICAL AND ASSESSMENT Dosha. PROTOCOL. Munishwar Associate Professor, Department of Samhita and Siddhant,Shri Ayurveda Divya* Mahavidyalaya Nagpur*Corresponding Author Associate Professor, Department of Samskrit-Samhita-Siddhant, Mahatma Borkar Preeti Gandhi Ayurved College,Hospital and Research Institute, Salod (H) Wardha Associate Professor, Department of Kaumarbhritya, Mahatma Gandhi Sharma Srihari Ayurved College,Hospital and Research Institute, Salod (H) Wardha Background- Psychosomatic concept (Manodaihika Siddhanta), Dharaniya Vega (urges to be suppressed or controlled) and Sattvavajay Chikitsa (psychotherapy) are concepts of Ayurveda which are the core of this study. Psychosomatic concept is an inter-relationship of Mind (Manas) and body (Sharira). The diseases evolving due to mind-body ABSTRACT interaction are termed as psychosomatic diseases. Vega means the natural urges of the body and mind. Dharaniya Vega are the suppressible or controllable urges which are not only confined to psychological attribute but also to verbal and physical attributes. Some diseases or their subtypes in Ayurveda are nomenclatured based on suppressible urges like Shokaja Atisara (diarrhea due to grief), Bhayaja Atisara (diarrhea due to fear), Kamaj Jwara (fever due to passion), etc.[3,4] Sattvavajay Chikitsa given in Charak Samhita is a psychotherapy which literary means controlling the mind from unhealthy actions which has been developed as a counselling tool. Conclusion- The study will provide clinical evidence that will establish, the role of Dharaniya Vega in remedial or prevention of psychosomatic diseases and the role of Sattvavajay chikitsa in Dharaniya Vega. Introduction Persons having Hina Sattva (low psychic constitution) are Background/Rationale: Ayurveda, the most ancient system of more prone to develop the emotions of fear, grief, greed, medicine with its holistic approach, propounded many delusion and ego [ 6 ] which is in tur n causes many theories and concepts after their prolong observation with in- psychosomatic diseases. Evidence-based medicine is the depth understanding of mind, body and spirit and its approach followed globally for wider appreciation of any amalgamation for attaining the complete health. Dharaniya system of medicine. In the same line, validation of concepts of Vega is one such concept elaborately described in Charak Ayurveda with appropriate tools make it a dire necessity. Samhita with its classification into those belonging to Sharirika (Somatic), Manasika (Psychological) and Vachika A psychosomatic disorder is a stress disorder whose main (Speech) related urges and is needed to be explored and original cause is psychological but its predominant validated as it is an important aspect which influences the manifestation is observed in the body. [7,8,9] A study in India psychosomatic health. The total numbers of Dharaniya Vega shows the prevalence of psychosomatic disorders in may vary as the exact counting has not been mentioned in the psychiatric patients is 21.5%. The psychosomatic disorders classics. It depends upon one's interpretation but here we are included were hypertension, peptic ulcer, bronchial asthma, considering Ckakrapani's commentary as a standard one. rheumatoid arthritis, ischaemic heart disease and chronic Table 1 lists the various Dharaniya Vega. pain of psychiatric patients. In Ayurveda, from causation of disease to its treatment, for maintenance of health to its Table 1: Dharaniya Vega (Suppressible Urges) derangement, the three dimensions of life i.e., psychological, physiological and spiritual all are taken into consideration. Mental Verbal Suppressible Physical Also, the psychosomatic medicine is emerging as a new suppressible urges ch.su.7/28. suppressible stream of medicine in the Western society. [ 1 1 , 1 2 ] The urges ch.su.7/27 urges ch.su.7/29. fundamental aspects of social and behavioral health can be Greed (lobha) Speaking harsh Hurting others seen in Ayurveda in the form of Sadvritta, Dincharya (daily words (Parusha) (Parpida) regimes), Ritucharya (seasonal regimes), Dharniya- Adharniya Grief (Shoka) Excessive Speaking Desire for another Vega, Aachar Rasayan, etc., which can be emerged as a social (Atimatra) woman and behavioral medicine for the benefit of the society. (Stribhoga) Sattvavajay chikitsa is slolely the Charak's contribution to the Fear (Bhaya) Back biting (Suchak) Stealing (Asteya) Ayurveda science. It has been mentioned under three types of medicines viz; Daivavyapashraya i.e., spiritual medicine, Anger (Krodha) Irrelevant talk/lying Action of violence Yuktivyapashraya i.e., rational therapy and Sattvavajaya i.e., (Anruta) for others (Hinsa) psychic tharapy. Ego (Maan) Using untimely words (Akalayukta Vakya) Sattavavajay means all those treatment modalities that leads Shamelessness to control over the mind from unhealthy actions or intensions (Nairlajja) of mind i.e., controlling the mind from objectionable desires and stimulus. Manonigraha requires the increase of Sattva Jealousy (Irshya) Guna, Dhi, Dhruti, Smriti by following Sadvritta as well as the Excessive Yogic practices. attachment (Atiraga) Manochikitsa is seen scattered in many places in Ayurveda Desire for things treatises viz: possessed by others “Manaso gyan vigyan dhairya smruti samadhibhihi” ch. (Abhidhya) su.1/ 58 118 www.worldwidejournals.com PARIPEX - INDIAN JOURNAL OF RESEARCH | Volume - 12 | Issue - 01 |January - 2023 | PRINT ISSN No. 2250 - 1991 | DOI : 10.36106/paripex Acharya Charak in Sutrasthan, chapter one, have given the national as well as international journals, magazines. Pilot principles of treatment of psychic diseases by Gyan- is study- First, a preliminary questionnaire will be prepared for adhyatmagyan that is spiritual knowledge and absolute Atma which, Likert scale has been used for evaluation. The or Brahma is the only truth and that materialistic world along prefatory version of the questionnaire will be pretested with with its Panchbhautic body is only trasitory, Vigyan- the experts and scholars from related disciplines to obtain knowledge of the scriptures and texts which takes the person information on reliability and validity aspects. The resulted towards true knowledge, Dhairya- calming down the vitiated modified and approved final version of the questionnaire will manas, increasing the patience of the person by counselling be distributed to the target group which will be 10 percent of and meditation, Smriti – trying to memorize the past the actual sample size. incidences, Samadhi - Abstract meditation. Rationality of Questionnaire-The objects for the primary The World Health Organization estimate shows that some of questionnaire version is derived from the mental, verbal and the countries in Asia and Africa have around 80% of physical types of Dharaniya Vega given in Charak Samhita population who seek help for their primary care from along with its explanation based on Chakrapani, Dalhana and traditional system of medicine. There is a worldwide use of other commentaries available. Indian traditional system of medicine which has been classified under the broad title of complementary and Survey study- To provide preliminary collateral evidence to alternative medicine (CAM). A systematic review which the concept. For this, a survey will be done on minimum of 30 included 16 studies, Fras. et. al; establish the use of CAM to be volunteers for each Dharaniya Vega attending MGACH & RC, as high as 74.8% in some of studies which was more Wardha. Duration of its affliction will be seen based upon its commonly used for psychosomatic disorders like back pain chronicity – Acute (less than 1year) & chronic (more than 1 or joint pains, pathologic depression, insomnia, severe year). Sampling - Random. headache or migraine and stomach or intestinal illnesses. [1,15] With more and more inventions, the life is becoming Inclusion Criteria- Participants aged 18 and above. comfortable and as the society is becoming affluent, but, Participants ready to give written consent and able to give however, due to social media, unwanted use of the Internet, answers to the questionnaire. Without any major psychiatric the moral and social values are decreasing. which may further illness. lead to imbalance of Manasika Dosha (Raja & Tama) which are increasing adverse social issues like rapes, misconduct, Exclusion Criteria- With major psychiatric illness like murders, mental imbalance, psychiatric diseases, low morale bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, panic disorders, dementia, (Alpa Sattva) and hence, it is important to study suppressible autism. Altered sensorium. urges and its concept elaborately. Interventional Study by Structured Counselling- Sattvavajay Objectives: The objective of this study is two-fold: Chikitsa (Psychotherapy) is one of the types of treatment I. Evaluate and assess the role of Dharaniya Vega in healthy and mentioned in Ayurveda. In the present study, Counselling has diseased conditions been selected as the interventional tool in both healthy and ii. Assess the impact of Sattvavajay Chikitsa in control of diseased volunteers and the efficacy of the same would be Dharaniya Vega (controllable/suppressible urges). assessed through the new developed tool. It will be done on the basis of pr inciples of Sattvavajay Chikitsa This study will critically analyze the psychosomatic concept (psychotherapy) of Ayurveda. It will be achieved by from Ayurveda and modern point of view. A survey study to structured counselling which is prepared with the help of assess the status of Dharaniya Vega in both healthy and research articles.16,17 Root Cause Analysis (RCA) will be diseased volunteers attending MGACH & RC. done which will rule out the precipitating cause. Counselling session will discuss about their lifestyle and if needed, Methods lifestyle modifications will be suggested. Table 2 gives the Study design: The study is a combination of survey and structure of the counselling. Interventional study. Table 2: Counselling Structure Place of Study: Volunteers for the survey study will be Sattvavajay Period Volunteers Effect randomly selected from MGACH & RC,Wardha. chikitsa involved (counselling) Plan of Study: The study consists of designing and validation of questionnaire to evaluate the impact of Dharaniya Vega on 1. Pranayama 10 min- All Improves cognition, diseases and healthy condition. The flow chart of the study Anuloma Advised to Relieves stress and plan is described in below figure. Viloma do 10-min anxiety, Better overall daily in the sense of well being47 morning Promotion of Gyan (cognition) 2. Dhyan 5 min- All Regulates mind (meditation) Advised to Promotion of Vigyan do 10 min (skilled knowledge) daily after Promotion of Dhairya Pranayam (patience) Promotion of Smriti (memory of past) Pratidwanda 10 min All The present Chikitsa deranged emotion Figure 1 – Plan of Study (creation of will be allayed by opposite bringing the Conceptual review- Review of literature from Ancient Indian emotions)46 influence of opposite Texts- Veda, Upanishads, Ayurvedic Treatises- Brihatrayi, one's to bear on the L a g h u t r a y i , c o n t e m p o r a r y Ay u r v e d i c l i t e r a t u re , prevailing one and commentaries on various treatises, published articles in neutralize it. www.worldwidejournals.com 119 PARIPEX - INDIAN JOURNAL OF RESEARCH | Volume - 12 | Issue - 01 |January - 2023 | PRINT ISSN No. 2250 - 1991 | DOI : 10.36106/paripex Ashwasan 10 min All Relieves fear, boosts Conclusion: There are many studies on stress and its long- Chikitsa self-confidence and term and short-term effects on body which is also proven to (Reassurance promotes hope be one of the causes of Psychosomatic diseases. However, ) there is hardly any study that discuss the interrelationship between multiple Dharaniya Vega and psychosomatic Based upon the level of involvement of Dharaniya Vega, diseases. So, this study taken an approach of producing counselling will be done. For this, a minimum of 30 volunteers literary and preliminary clinical evidence to understand the will be randomly selected from the survey study. Inclusion c o n c e p t o f D h a r a n i y a Ve g a a s a n i m p o r t a n t criteria- Irrespective of the chronicity of the volunteers, Both remedial/preventive tool in psychosomatic health. There are male and female volunteers. Exclusion criteria-Those not psychometric scales available for the assessment of stress, willing to give the written informed consent. Number of fear, greed, anger, etc. as standalone conditions in modern Counselling Sessions- If the DV are not severely impacted, psychology. However, there are instances when multiple one counselling session will be given and again the psychosomatic urges cause disease. Hence, there is a need to assessment of DV will be done after 30 days of counselling. If develop a single tool which encompasses all the facets of the DV are severely impacted, two counselling sessions will Dharaniya Vega as described in Ayurveda. be given within two months with the gap of 30 days and again assessment of DV will be done after 60 days of counselling. REFERENCES: Period of Counselling Session- 35 minutes. Questionnaire 1. AGNIVESHA’S CHARAK SAMHITA TEXT WITH ENGLISH TRANSLATION AND Score will be assessed both, before and after counselling. A CRITICAL EXPOSITION BASED ON CHAKRAPANIDATTA’S AYURVEDA Consent form in Hindi, Marathi and English will also be DIPIKA, DR. RAM KARAN SHARMA AND VAIDYA BHAGWAN DASH, VOL II,VIMANSTHAN, CHAPTER 6, VERSE 8, CHAUKHAMBA SANSKRIT SERIES prepared. Below format will be used in Questionnaire scoring OFFICE,VARANASI, REPRINT 2012, 187. 2. AGNIVESHA’S CHARAK SAMHITA TEXT WITH ENGLISH TRANSLATION AND Table:3 Questionnaire Score: CRITICAL EXPOSITION BASED ON CHAKRAPANIDATTA’S AYURVEDA DIPIKA, DR. RAM KARAN SHARMA AND VAIDYA BHAGWAN DASH, VOL I, Suppressible urges Score before Score after SUTRASTHAN 7, VERSE 26, CHAUKHAMBA SANSKRIT SERIES OFFICE, counselling: counselling: VARANASI, REPRINT 2012, 150. 3. AGNIVESHA’S CHARAK SAMHITA TEXT WITH ENGLISH TRANSLATION AND Physical CRITICAL EXPOSITION BASED ON CHAKRAPANIDATTA’S AYURVEDA DIPIKA, DR. RAM KARAN SHARMA AND VAIDYA BHAGWAN DASH, VOL IV Verbal CHIKITSASTHAN, CHAPTER 19, VERSE 11, CHAUKHAMBA SANSKRIT SERIES Mental OFFICE,VARANASI, REPRINT 2012, 215. 4. AGNIVESHA’S CHARAK SAMHITA TEXT WITH ENGLISH TRANSLATION AND Sample size calculation-A minimum of 30 volunteers for each CRITICAL EXPOSITION BASED ON CHAKRAPANIDATTA’S AYURVEDA Dharaniya Vega. Statistical Test: Correlation Regression and DIPIKA, DR. RAM KARAN SHARMA AND VAIDYA BHAGWAN DASH, VOL III other appropriate test will be applied as per the data CHIKITSASTHAN, CHAPTER 3, VERSE 114-115, CHAUKHAMBA SANSKRIT SERIES OFFICE,VARANASI, REPRINT 2012, 142,143. variables. 5. AGNIVESHA’S CHARAK SAMHITA TEXT WITH ENGLISH TRANSLATION AND CRITICAL EXPOSITION BASED ON CHAKRAPANIDATTA’S AYURVEDA Result DIPIKA, DR. RAM KARAN SHARMA AND VAIDYA BHAGWAN DASH, VOL I, SUTRASTHAN, CHAPTER 7, VERSE 26-30, CHAUKHAMBA SANSKRIT SERIES The studies conducted earlier shows the evidence that OFFICE,VARANASI, REPRINT 2012,151. Sattvavajay Chikitsa have great impact in improving the 6. AGNIVESHA’S CHARAK SAMHITA TEXT WITH ENGLISH TRANSLATION AND psychosomatic health of an individual. In that line, this study CRITICAL EXPOSITION BASED ON CHAKRAPANIDATTA’S AYURVEDA DIPIKA, DR. RAM KARAN SHARMA AND VAIDYA BHAGWAN DASH, VOL II will further add to the evidence whether the psychosomatic VIMANSTHAN, CHAPTER 8, VERSE 119, CHAUKHAMBA SANSKRIT SERIES health if improved will help in controlling those Dharaniya OFFICE,VARANASI, REPRINT 2012, 276. Vega which is difficult to control over. The study will also show 7. SELYE. H. FROM PSYCHOLOGY STRESS TO THE EMOTIONS: A HISTORY OF CHANGING OUTLOOKS, STRESS &LIFE, NEW YORK MC. GRAW HILL CO INC that whether these Vega can be assessed with the 1956; 814 questionnaire developed. The following outcome is expected 8. SELYE H. BIOCULTURAL PERSPECTIVE ON STRESS IN PREHISTORIC, from the study HISTORICAL AND CONTEMPORARY POPULATION RESEARCH, STRESS FORCES 1973;24:50 9. SELYE H. PROGRESS IN NEURO PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY & BIOLOGICAL 1. Generate preliminary clinical evidence to show the, PSYCHIATRY, STRESS IN HEALTH & DISEASE, BUTTERWORTH (LONDON), I. c o n c e p t o f D h a r a n i y a Ve g a a s a n i m p o r t a n t BOSTON 1976; 53-6. 10. Chaturvedi SK, Michael A. Psychosomatic Disorders in Psychiatric Patients in remedial/preventive tool for psychosomatic diseases a Developing Country. International Journal of Social Psychiatry. ii. impact of Sattvavajay chikitsa in Dharaniya Vega 1988;34(2):123-129. doi:10.1177/002076408803400206. 11. Deter HC, Orth-Gomér K, Wasilewski B, Verissimo R. The European Network on Psychosomatic Medicine (ENPM) - history and future directions. 2. Create literary documentation of the clinical evidence and Biopsychosoc Med. 2017;11:3. Published 2017 Jan 26. doi:10.1186/s13030- the study. 016-0086-0 12. Herrmann-Lingen C. The American Psychosomatic Society - integrating mind, brain, body and social context in medicine since 1942. Biopsychosoc Discussion Med. 2017;11:11. Published 2017 Apr 8. doi:10.1186/s13030-017-0096-6. Key results: This study will enlist all the diseases which can be 13. AGNIVESHA’S CHARAK SAMHITA TEXT WITH ENGLISH TRANSLATION AND identified as Psychosomatic diseases as per Ayurveda theory CRITICAL EXPOSITION BASED ON CHAKRAPANIDATTA’S AYURVEDA DIPIKA, DR. RAM KARAN SHARMA AND VAIDYA BHAGWAN DASH, VOL I, which is scattered in all the Ayur vedic treatises. SUTRASTHAN, CHAPTER 11, VERSE 54, CHAUKHAMBA SANSKRIT SERIES Interrelationship of these enlisted diseases with suppressible OFFICE,VARANASI, REPRINT 2012, 230-231. urges can be further open for clinical study. Preliminary 14. Oyebode O. Kandala N B, Chilton PJ, Lilford R J. Use of traditional medicine in middle income countries: A WHO-sage study. Health policy plan 2016, collateral evidence of this study will open the gate for further 31:984-991 large-scale clinical researches. 15. FRASS M. Strassl RP,Freihs H Mullner M, Kundi M. Kaye AD, Use and acceptance of complementary and alternative medicine among the general population and medical personel: a systematic reveiew, Ochsner J 2012, Limitations: As the structured questionnaire is subjective in 12:45-56. nature, it may lead to bias. 16. Chandla SS, Sood S, Dogra R, Das S, Shukla SK, Gupta S. Effect of short-term practice of pranayamic breathing exercises on cognition, anxiety, general wellbeing and heart rate variability. J Indian Med Assoc. 2013 Interpretation: If the Dharaniya Vega becomes easily Oct;111(10):662-5. PMID: 24968492. assessable through the questionnaire developed, then it will 17. Belaguli G, Savitha HP, “An empirical understanding on the concept of be a great achievement for Ayurveda science in exploring its Sattvavajaya Chikitsa (Ayurveda Psychotherapy) and a mini-review of its research update”, Indian J Health Sci Biomed Res 2019; 12:15-20. fundamental concepts. Generalisability: The importance of Dharaniya Vega can be raised in general masses through focused training programs and public awareness campaigns with the help of health care workers. 120 www.worldwidejournals.com