L2 - Filipino Philosophy.pdf

Introduction to Filipino Philosophy WHAT IS FILIPINO PHILOSOPHY? IS THERE FILIPINO PHILOSOPHY? MORPHOLOGY OF FILIPINO PHILOSOPHY by Fernando Nakpil-Zialcita Filipino Methodology for Philosophical Analysis of the Nature of Knowledge F...

Introduction to Filipino Philosophy WHAT IS FILIPINO PHILOSOPHY? IS THERE FILIPINO PHILOSOPHY? MORPHOLOGY OF FILIPINO PHILOSOPHY by Fernando Nakpil-Zialcita Filipino Methodology for Philosophical Analysis of the Nature of Knowledge FILIPINO Critique of Political and Economic PHILOSOPHY Structures in the Philippines Interpretation of Filipino Experience and Worldview HISTORY OF FILIPINO PHILOSOPHY EVOLUTIONARY SCHEMA OF FILIPINO PHILOSOPHY by Romualdo Abulad First Colonial Phase First Indigenous Phase Focused on Scholasticism Describing Filipino Worldview Second Colonial Phase Second Indigenous Phase Entry of Continental Philosophy Critiquing of the Former UNDERSTANDING THE HISTORICAL SETTING In the Phiilippines during the When Spain conquered the 15th century, there is no formal Philippines in the 16th century, philosophical tradition. friars led the evangelization and Mythology was the main source pacification of the Philippines. of explanation over the origins The friars were among the and phenomena surrounding the thinkers who remained loyal to physical world. Scholasticism The Start of Formal Philosophy in the Philippines In 1595, the Colegio de San Ignacio under the Jesuits was opened under the leadership of Antonio Sedeño SJ. The Jesuits implemented the Ratio Studiorum -- the document that standardized the globally influential system of Jesuit education. It relied on the classical subjects (theology, philosophy, Latin and Greek). In 1768, it closed. The Start of Formal Philosophy in the Philippines In 1619, the Colegio de Santo Tomas under the Dominicans opened with 12 scholars, and two faculties - Theology and Philosophy, under the leadership of Fr. Baltasar Fort, O.P. The two faculties followed the Aristotelian Philosophy, and Thomistic Theology.  Fr. Zeferino González OP was a Spanish Fr. Angel de Blas, OP was a Spanish Dominican Dominican philosopher who served as a lector educator who taught in UST in the 1930's, and of philosophy in the College of Philosophy in became one of the leading proponents of Neo- UST since January 1853. In 1864 he authored Scholasticism in the country. He authored the the Estudios sobre la filosofia de Santo first philosophy book in Aristotelico-Thomistic Tomas. In 1867, he went back to Spain and Logic. In 1933 he founded the Psychology wrote several other books on theology. In Department in UST and promoted therein 1884 he was made Cardinal of Seville. Thomistic Psychology. In 1908 the Ateneo de Manila became a college with a faculty of philosophy. Many American Jesuit philosopers taught in Ateneo. In 1949, the Jesuit Philosphate was founded by the Jesuits in Cebu, but was closed in 1963. In 1968, the philosophy faculty of Jesuit Philosphate was merged with the theology faculty of the Colegio de San Jose and became the Loyola School of Theology under Ateneo de Manila THE EMERGENCE OF FILIPINO PHILOSOPHICAL ORGANIZATIONS. Philosophy Circle of the Philippines Philippine Academy of Founded: 1972 by Alfredo P. Cao (UST) Philosophical Research Founded: 1983 by Dr. Emerita S. Philosophical Association of the Philippines Quito through the help of Founded: 1973 by Jorge Revilla (UE) UNESCO Philosophical Association of the Philippine National Visayas and Mindanao Philosophical Research Society Founded: 1979 by Quintin Terrenal (UST) Founded: 2014 by Dr. Rolando M. Gripaldo Early Indigenous Phase: Locating Filipino Philosophy "What is philosophy?... What should philosophy be if not the attitude of a people toward life and a Supreme Being? What is philosophy (literally, “love of wisdom”) if not a people’s concerted effort to acquire wisdom in order to live well? This collective mind, this general attitude toward life, this concerted effort to acquire wisdom which I manifest on the popular grassroots level constituted the folk spirit (Volksgeist) of the Filipino and it should (or will) eventually emerge as a formalized philosophy on the academic level. This philosophy is, however, still in the process of formalization." Dr. Emerita S. Quito, The State of Philosophy in the Philippines, 1983 Fr. Leonardo N. Mercado Elements of Filipino Philosophy, 1974 Meta-linguistic Analysis -- the examination of languange to elicit the implicit Filipino thought or woldview (weltangschauung) Words or lexemes which have potential basis for philosophical contents are first listed down. Dictionaries of Philippine languages provide a convenient source. Secondly, list the meaning of the words according to their usages. Thirdly, cluster the meanings according [to] groups which are cognitively related. Fourthly, infer the tentative philosophy from clusters. The Concept of Loob Inferences: FILIPINOS VIEW Loob (Inner) Kalooban (character) ONE'S PERSONHOOD Saloobin (thoughts) FROM WITHIN. Kabutihang loob (goodness) Utang na loob (gratitude) FILIPINOS ALSO VIEW RELATIONSHIPS Ipagkaloob (entrust) FROM THE WITHIN.. Loobin (will) Loob as Values Kalooban (character) Phenomenology of Kabutihang loob (goodness) Behavior - obervable Utang na loob (gratitude) practices that ssures the Loob as Intellect Ipagkaloob (entrust) inference. Saloobin (thoughts) Loobin (will) Example: pakikipagkapwa THE HOLISM OF LOOB "A Filipino hardly acts on the basis of his rationality. Not that he is irrational or does not use his head, but he tends to act more from the promptings of his heart, from an intuitive and immediate grasp of reality. More accurately, he acts from his kalooban, which is in reality, inseparably heart-mind." — Manuel Dy, 1994 Loob is holistic — it shows the unity of thought (cognition) and will (volition), vital condition and affective life (feelings). Florentino T.Timbreza -- The Father of Filipino Philosophy Pilosopiyang Pilipino, 1982 Hermeneutic Analysis - interpretation of Filipino folk thoughts and expressions particularly proverbs to know the Filipino worldview. Example: Let us interpret the following proverbs. Matibay ang walis palibhasa'y magkakabigkis Hangga't maikli ang kumot, matutong mamaluktot Kung may itinanim, may aanihin Aanhin pa ang damo kung patay na ang kabayo The Filipino Way of Thinking Loob Pakikipagkapwa Kapwa Pakikisama Pakikiramdam Hiya Bayanihan Smooth Interpersonal Amor propio Utang na loob Relationship THE FILIPINO CONCEPT OF TIME Filipino views time not in a linear manner as past, present, and future, rather he sees it in a cyclical manner where time is timeless or limitless. Thus, he may say: "may bukas pa". Further he also views time like a wheel, thus Gulong ng Palad. He views life to be a cycle of ups and downs. This cyclical thinking was a product of ancient timekeeping that is based on agricultural cycles of planting and harvesting. THE FILIPINO CONCEPT OF ABUNDANCE Filipino views abundance differently from the West. For Filipinos, abundance is not what we gather but what we scatter. It is is not what we keep but what we gave away. Filipinos believe that to be able to have, we must first let go and to be able to acquire, we must first control ourselves. It is why Filipinos have conept of balatu or share, and of ilus or sharing of food to the neighborhood. Negative Aspects of Filipino Thought Ningas Cogon Bahala na Filipino Time Mañana habit Talangka Mentality Heritage of Smallness Captive's Mind