L02_6P PDF - Aviation Security Measures

Acts of unlawful interference (ICAO Annex 17) • Any act or attempted act which jeopardises the security of civil aviation and air transport. These acts include but are not limited to: ❑ ❑ ❑ ❑ ❑ ❑ ❑ Unlawful seizure of aircraft. Destruction of an aircraft in service. Hostage taking on board airc...

Acts of unlawful interference (ICAO Annex 17) • Any act or attempted act which jeopardises the security of civil aviation and air transport. These acts include but are not limited to: ❑ ❑ ❑ ❑ ❑ ❑ ❑ Unlawful seizure of aircraft. Destruction of an aircraft in service. Hostage taking on board aircraft or on aerodromes. Forcible intrusion on board an aircraft, at an airport or the premises of an aeronautical facility. Introduction on board an aircraft or at an airport of a weapon or hazardous device or material intended for criminal purposes. Use of an aircraft in service for the purpose of causing death, serious bodily injury, or serious damage to property or the environment. Communication of false information such as to jeopardize the safety of an aircraft in flight or on the ground, of passengers, crew, ground personnel or the general public, at an airport or on the premises of a civil aviation facility. Threats to civil aviation • Hijacking of aircraft inflight or on the ground ❑ ❑ E.g 11 Sep 2001 Al Qaeda hijacked 4 US airliners mid-air E.g. 5 Sep 1986, Abu Nidal Organisation hijacked a Pan Am aircraft when it was at the airport in Karachi. • Bombing of aircraft ❑ Bombs can be hidden in shoes, suitcases, underwear etc. • Bombing of airport ❑ E.g. Moscow’s Domodedovo Airport bombing (2011) • Shooting down aircraft using surface-to-air missiles ❑ ❑ Self-propelled systems such as Buk is able to hit commercial airliners at cruising altitude. Shoulder-launched system such as Man Portable AirDefense (MANPAD) system is able to hit low-flying aircraft. Threat groups • • • • • • Terrorist groups e.g. Al Qaeda, ISIS. Criminals e.g. drug smugglers Unruly passengers Disgruntled employees Refugees Hostile governments Threat Groups - Motives • To gain publicity by undermining and discrediting authorities who oppose their cause. • To sway government on international policies or to gain release of prisoners by frightening the public and disrupting normal life. • To obtain money by threat or blackmail. Acts of Unlawful Interference - Consequences • Injury to or death of crew, passengers and hijackers. • Inability to come to a compromise between hijacker demands and flight safety e.g. flying to a destination without enough fuel. • Complications due to diversion from planned route or altitude: insufficient fuel, airspace infringement and landing at unsuitable airport. • Disruption to operations of the airport where Acts of Unlawful Interference have been committed. • Prolonged hostage situation with complications such as lack of water, food and medical supplies Preventive Measures – General • Besides the usual screening of passengers and their baggage, pre-flight precautions should include: ❑ ❑ ❑ Inspection of the exterior of the aircraft. Comprehensive inspection of the interior of the aircraft, including the passenger cabin area, seats, overhead baggage lockers, toilets, galleys, the cargo hold and the flight deck. Monitor aircraft maintenance and servicing operations. Preventive Measures – General • Prevent unauthorised access to the aircraft. • Identity checks for all flight crew and service personnel. • Supervise the loading of all hold baggage, cargo, mail and catering supplies to prevent unauthorised interference until loaded onto the aircraft. Preventive Measures – Bomb Threat & Hijack • Bomb threat on board aircraft: ❑ ❑ ❑ Screen passengers (including transfer passengers) and all their cabin baggage prior to passenger boarding. Refusal to transport baggage of passengers who do not board the aircraft unless that baggage is identified as unaccompanied and subjected to additional screening. Ensure that all disembarking passengers do not leave items on board the aircraft. Explosive Detection System (EDS) scanner Preventive Measures – Bomb Threat & Hijack • Bomb threat in the airport: ❑ Look out for unattended bags in terminal. • Hijacking of aircraft: ❑ Ensure that during flight unauthorised persons are prevented from entering the flight crew compartment. Critical elements of an effective State aviation security oversight system • Comprehensive and effective legislative framework • Standardized implementation procedures, equipment and infrastructures • Designate an appropriate national authority for aviation security matters • Provide appropriate training, technical guidance, tools and security-critical information to technical personnel performing State aviation security oversight and regulatory functions • Ensure that personnel and organizations performing an aviation security activity meet the established requirements • Ensure the effective implementation of corrective actions, and take enforcement action when appropriate How to ensure effectiveness of security programs • Background checks for security personnel • Careful selection of security personnel • Training and refresher courses mandatory and recorded for security personnel • Conduct regular audits, inspections and risk assessment of security program • Re-evaluate security controls and procedures if any unlawful interference events occurred USAP CMA vs USOAP CMA USAP USOAP Objective Objective Promotes global aviation security through audits of member states Promotes global aviation safety through audits of member states Scope of programme Scope of programme Annex 9 Facilitation Annex 17 Security Annex 1 Personnel licensing Annex 6 Operation of aircraft Annex 8 Airworthiness of aircraft Annex 11 Air traffic services Annex 13 Aircraft accident and incident investigation Annex 14 Aerodromes