Philippine National Standard PDF: Organic Agriculture Production of Traditional Rice Varieties (2021)

PHILIPPINE NATIONAL PNS/BAFS 319:2021 ICS 65.020 STANDARD Organic Agriculture Production of Traditional Rice Varieties – Code of Practice BUREAU OF AGRICULTURE AND FISHERIES STANDARD...

PHILIPPINE NATIONAL PNS/BAFS 319:2021 ICS 65.020 STANDARD Organic Agriculture Production of Traditional Rice Varieties – Code of Practice BUREAU OF AGRICULTURE AND FISHERIES STANDARDS BPI Compound Visayas Avenue, Diliman, Quezon City 1101 Philippines Trunkline: (632) 928-8741 to 64 loc. 3301-3319 E-mail: [email protected] Website: www.bafs.da.gov.ph PHILIPPINE NATIONAL STANDARD PNS/BAFS 319:2021 Code of Practice (COP) for the Organic Production of Traditional Rice Varieties (TRVs) Foreword In 2021, the Department of Agriculture Regional Field Office - Cordillera Administrative Region (DA RFO - CAR) requested to develop a PNS on the COP for Organic Agriculture Production of Traditional Rice Varieties to improve the production quality of traditional rice varieties and ensure their organic integrity. A Technical Working Group (TWG) was created through Special Order No. 817, series of 2021 (Addendum to Special Order 81, series of 2021 entitled, “Creation of TWG for the development of PNS for agriculture and fishery products, machinery and equipment”). The TWG was composed of representatives from the relevant government agencies, academe, research institutions, and civil society organizations. The draft standard was presented to the relevant stakeholders during the initial stakeholder consultations held March 10 to 11 and 18 to 19, 2021 and the final stakeholder consultation held August 24, 2021. It was finalized by the TWG before it was endorsed to the DA Secretary for approval. This document was drafted in accordance with the editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. ii PHILIPPINE NATIONAL STANDARD PNS/BAFS 319:2021 Code of Practice (COP) for the Organic Production of Traditional Rice Varieties (TRVs) Table of Contents Foreword ii 1 Scope 1 2 Normative references 1 3 Terms and definitions 1 4 Minimum requirements 6 4.1 Conversion period (transition period)............................................................ 6 4.2 Farm location................................................................................................ 6 4.3 Farm environment......................................................................................... 6 4.4 Soil and soil nutrients.................................................................................... 7 4.5 Irrigation water.............................................................................................. 7 4.6 Farm structure and maintenance.................................................................. 7 4.7 Farm practices.............................................................................................. 8 4.8 Planting and seed materials.......................................................................... 9 4.9 Integrated Nutrient Management................................................................... 9 4.10 Integrated pest management...................................................................... 10 4.11 Weed management..................................................................................... 11 4.12 Water management..................................................................................... 11 4.13 Harvesting................................................................................................... 12 4.14 Hauling (farm to dryer)................................................................................ 13 4.16 Hauling (dryer to storage)........................................................................... 14 4.17 Milling.......................................................................................................... 14 4.18 Hauling and storage facility of organic traditional/heirloom unpolished/ semi- polished rice.......................................................................................................... 15 4.19 Hauling of organic traditional/heirloom unpolished/semi-polished rice (from mill to storage)...................................................................................................... 15 4.21 Pest management in storage...................................................................... 16 4.22 Workers’ health, safety, and welfare........................................................... 16 4.23 Traceability.................................................................................................. 17 Annex A 18 iii PHILIPPINE NATIONAL STANDARD PNS/BAFS 319:2021 Code of Practice (COP) for the Organic Production of Traditional Rice Varieties (TRVs) 1 Scope This standard establishes the recommended practices for the organic pre-production, production, and post-production of traditional rice (Oryza sativa L.) varieties intended for human consumption. It provides the steps in the production of traditional rice varieties that will ensure the organic integrity and protect the cultural heritage of the product. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the cited edition applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies: Bureau of Agriculture and Fisheries Standards (BAFS) – Department of Agriculture (DA). (2016). Philippine National Standards (PNS) for organic agriculture (PNS/BAFS 07:2016). http://www.bafs.da.gov.ph/bafs_admin/admin_page/pns_file/2021-03-01- BAFS%20PNS%2007-2016%20Organic%20Agriculture.pdf BAFS – DA. (2020). National list of permitted substances for organic agriculture (Department Circular No. 09, series of 2020). http://www.bafs.da.gov.ph/permitted_substances_oad BAFS – DA. (2021). Registered Organic Soil Amendment (OSA) producers. http://www.bafs.da.gov.ph/organic_osa BAFS – DA. (2021). Registered Organic Bio-Control Agent (OBCA) producers. http://www.bafs.da.gov.ph/organic_obca 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply: 3.1 buffer zone clearly defined and/or identifiable boundary area bordering an organic production site that is established to limit application of, or contact with, prohibited substances from an adjacent area 3.2 community registration registration of the relevant information regarding the seeds and planting materials to the competent authority 1 PHILIPPINE NATIONAL STANDARD PNS/BAFS 319:2021 Code of Practice (COP) for the Organic Production of Traditional Rice Varieties (TRVs) 3.3 contamination contact of organic crops, land or products to substance that would compromise their organic integrity 3.4 conventional any material, production, or processing practices that is not certified organic or “in- conversion” 3.5 conversion period (transition period) time between the start of organic management and certification of the crop or production system or site as organic 3.6 degree of milling extent to which the bran layers have been removed in hulled rice 3.6.1 fully-polished rice overmilled rice (OMR) rice kernel from which the entire hull, germ, bran layers, and some parts of the endosperm have been removed 3.6.2 semi-polished rice rice kernel from which the hull, the germ, the outer bran layer, and the greater part of the inner bran layers have been removed but parts of the bran layer lengthwise steaks in the dorsal portion of the kernel remain 3.6.2.1 undermilled rice (UMR) rice kernel from which the hull, the germ, the outer bran layer, and the greater part of the inner bran layers have been removed but parts of the lengthwise streaks of the bran layers remain (in the dorsal portion) in more than 40% of the kernels 3.6.2.2 regular milled rice (RMR) rice kernel from which the hull, the germ, the outer bran layers, and the greater part of the inner bran layers have been removed but parts of the lengthwise streaks of the bran layers remain (in the dorsal portion) in 20% to 40% of the kernels 2 PHILIPPINE NATIONAL STANDARD PNS/BAFS 319:2021 Code of Practice (COP) for the Organic Production of Traditional Rice Varieties (TRVs) 3.6.2.3 well milled rice (WMR) rice kernel from which the hull, the germ, the outer bran layers, and the greater part of the inner bran layers have been removed, but parts of the lengthwise streaks of the bran layers remain (in the dorsal portion) in 1% to 19% of the kernels 3.7 dibbling practice of sowing seeds in a hole bored (dibble) in the soil 3.8 drying process of removing excess available water from grain through evaporation by the application of heat 3.9 farm structure common agricultural structures associated with agricultural use such as harvesting, growing, and storage of crops 3.10 harrowing practice of breaking up and smoothing out the surface of the soil and is usually done after plowing 3.11 harvesting process of collecting the mature rice crop from the field. Palay harvesting activities include reaping, stacking, handling, threshing, cleaning, and hauling. These can be done individually, or a combine harvester can be used to perform the operations simultaneously. 3.12 heirloom rice type of traditional rice variety that are handed down by several generations through family members that are normally grown by small landholders. It is considered as the highest-quality traditional rice varieties grown in provinces such as in Abra, Kalinga, Benguet, Mt. Province, Ifugao, Apayao, North and South Cotabato, Oriental Mindoro, Negros Occidental, Negros Oriental, Sultan Kudarat, Bukidnon, and Misamis Oriental. 3.13 hauling activity of transport (by foot or vehicle) of the harvest 3 PHILIPPINE NATIONAL STANDARD PNS/BAFS 319:2021 Code of Practice (COP) for the Organic Production of Traditional Rice Varieties (TRVs) 3.14 hook curved hand tool that is used for securing and moving loads 3.15 leveling practice of smoothing the surface of the soil ensuring that the land is of the same height 3.16 organic agriculture holistic production management system which promotes and enhances agro- ecosystem health, including biodiversity, biological cycles, and soil biological activity; emphasizes the use of management practices over the use of off-farm inputs; and utilizes cultural, biological, and mechanical methods as opposed to synthetic materials. Organic agriculture combines tradition, innovation, and science to benefit the shared environment and promote fair relationships and a good quality of life for all involved. 3.17 organic integrity adherence to the principles, objectives, and standards for organic production 3.18 organic soil amendments include all the products (e.g. organic fertilizer, organic soil conditioner, microbial inoculant, and organic plant supplement) covered by the scope of PNS BAFS 183:2020 (PNS of organic soil amendments) 3.19 postharvest process of collecting or separating grain from its site of immediate growth or production and subject to further processing of post-production stages of drying, milling, storage, and marketing 3.20 post-production series of activities that grain crops undergo which include harvesting, threshing, hauling, drying, milling, handling, packaging, and storage 3.21 pre-production series of activities before planting or sowing of grain crops which include land preparation, preparation of planting materials, soil nutrient management and soil conditioning, and field cleaning and sanitation 4 PHILIPPINE NATIONAL STANDARD PNS/BAFS 319:2021 Code of Practice (COP) for the Organic Production of Traditional Rice Varieties (TRVs) 3.22 production series of activities from planting to before harvest which include water management, integrated pest management, nutrient management, and field cleaning and sanitation 3.23 production site land or area under the control of the farmer or group of farmers, including all farming activities or enterprises 3.24 purging process of completely cleaning or removing remaining palay and/or unpolished/semi- polished rice stuck inside the combine harvester, drying, or milling machine before the start of a specific post-production operation 3.25 sanitation practice which involves the removal and/or destruction of weeds and potential sources of diseases and pest infestation from the field 3.26 synchronous planting practice of planting within one-month period covering adjacent rice fields within an area 3.27 traditional rice varieties (landraces) rice cultivars that are indigenous to an area or landraces considered as a rich source of genetic diversity due to its health and nutritional values, grain quality, texture, aroma, and resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses 3.28 trampling practice of treading on and crushing the soil manually or with an assistance of animals in order to incorporate plant residues and control weeds 3.29 threshing process of removing paddy from the panicles 5 PHILIPPINE NATIONAL STANDARD PNS/BAFS 319:2021 Code of Practice (COP) for the Organic Production of Traditional Rice Varieties (TRVs) 3.30 unpolished rice brown rice cargo rice dehulled rice husked rice pinawa palay from which only the hull has been removed and with the bran layer still intact 4 Minimum requirements 4.1 Conversion period (transition period) The minimum requirements for the conversion period to organic agriculture production of traditional rice varieties should be in accordance with the PNS on Organic Agriculture (PNS/BAFS 07:2016). 4.2 Farm location 4.2.1 The production site and adjoining areas surrounding the site or farms should be evaluated for their suitability for agricultural land use. It is necessary to obtain a history of prior land use (e.g. sanitary landfill, cemetery, industrial plants, mining, etc.) in order to identify potential hazards specifically chemical (e.g. heavy metals) and physical hazards (e.g. broken glass, plastics, etc.). 4.2.2 The evaluation of the suitability of the farm location should also include an assessment of the adjoining crops and type and degree of fertilizer usage. 4.2.3 Production sites situated near urban and industrial areas should be thoroughly assessed by the competent authority for possible contamination. 4.2.4 The farmer should implement appropriate preventive or mitigating measures against potential hazards such as those identified in Annex A (Some recommended phytoremediation for heavy metal contamination in soil and water). 4.3 Farm environment 4.3.1 The production, post-harvest, and storage areas should be kept clean and organized at all times. Field cleaning should always be practiced. 4.3.2 Proper waste disposal of biodegradable and non-biodegradable materials should be observed. 6 PHILIPPINE NATIONAL STANDARD PNS/BAFS 319:2021 Code of Practice (COP) for the Organic Production of Traditional Rice Varieties (TRVs) 4.4 Soil and soil nutrients 4.4.1 Prior to land preparation, the soil samples should be gathered and analyzed for appropriate organic soil amendment recommendation towards balanced nutrient application. Soil analysis should be done at least every three years by the competent authority or their recognized laboratories. 4.4.2 For areas prone to heavy metal contamination, the soil should be analyzed annually by the competent authority or their recognized laboratories. Maximum Levels (MLs) for heavy metals should not exceed the safety limits set by the competent authority. 4.4.3 Some recommendations on the preventive or mitigating measures for heavy metal contamination in soil are indicated in Annex A (Some recommended phytoremediation for heavy metal contamination in soil and water). 4.5 Irrigation water 4.5.1 Water source(s) for farm operations should be identified for possible contamination. 4.5.2 Water for irrigation should be analyzed for water quality from annually to every three years depending on the assessment of the competent authority on the perceived hazards or contaminants. The testing should be done by the competent authority or their recognized laboratories. 4.5.3 Some recommendations on the preventive or mitigating measures for heavy metal contamination in water are indicated in Annex A (Some recommended phytoremediation for heavy metal contamination in soil and water). 4.6 Farm structure and maintenance 4.6.1 Farms structures should be appropriately designed for the intended purpose and constructed separately from one another to minimize contamination. 4.6.2 There should be a separate or centralized structure for the following: a) storage areas for organic fertilizers, biocontrol agents, other farm supplies, materials, and tools; b) shed for the machineries available; c) storage facility for safekeeping of the produce; and d) toilet facilities for farm workers that are located in areas where it will not contaminate production site and the crops. 4.6.3 The farmer should ensure that the harvested rice should only have contact with permitted substances indicated in Department Circular No. 09, series of 2020 (National list for permitted substances for organic agriculture) if the farm utilizes their home for storage. 7 PHILIPPINE NATIONAL STANDARD PNS/BAFS 319:2021 Code of Practice (COP) for the Organic Production of Traditional Rice Varieties (TRVs) 4.6.4 All farm structures, facilities and equipment should always be kept clean and well-maintained for optimal operating conditions. 4.6.5 Sewerage, waste disposal, and drainage systems should be appropriately constructed to minimize the risk of contaminating the production areas and water supplies with hazardous chemicals such as pesticides, heavy metals, and biological hazards (e.g. pathogens from raw manure or crop residues). 4.6.6 Irrigation water ways should be maintained to provide effective delivery of water. 4.6.7 Stray animals should not be allowed into or kept in production areas with standing crops. 4.6.8 Animal proofing and implementation of adequate pest control measures should also be implemented in storage and packing areas. 4.6.9 Toilet facilities should be provided for stay-in farm workers and should be properly cleaned and maintained. These should not be located close to a water source or in places where these could cause contamination. 4.7 Farm practices 4.7.1 Land preparation 4.7.1.1 Proper land preparation based on the contour, soil type, and rainfall pattern in the production area in various rice ecosystems should be observed. This will ensure healthy and uniform plant growth, conserve or improve soil physical condition, and provide effective weed control measures. 4.7.1.2 For terraces: a) field cleaning should be done throughout the cropping period; b) for flat areas, plowing and repeated harrowing may be done to ensure good tilth, uniform soil and fine in texture, which promote good plant growth and effective weed control; c) flooding should be done if the soil is too dry; d) contour plowing and terracing are recommended in areas where tillage is practiced; e) dikes, ripraps, and canals should be repaired for efficient irrigation; f) trampling should be conducted with plant residues and organic fertilizers trampled 10 cm to 15 cm deep. It is recommended to incorporate green manure (such as legumes, Azolla, wild sunflower) in trampling; and g) leveling should be practiced to ensure uniform water distribution and pest and weed management. There should be shallow water level at 2 cm to 5 cm and there should be no visible mound above the water surface for effective weed control. 8 PHILIPPINE NATIONAL STANDARD PNS/BAFS 319:2021 Code of Practice (COP) for the Organic Production of Traditional Rice Varieties (TRVs) 4.7.1.3 For flat (0 to 3% slope), slightly rolling (>3% and