Joints ANUR 403 Wk 11.pdf

TONGA NATIONAL UNIVERSITY FACULTY OF NURSING AND HEALTH SCIENCE QUEEN SALOTE SCHOOL OF NURSING AND MIDWIFERY Session: JOINTS Course Name: Human Bio Science 1 Course Code: ANUR 403 Date: 20.5.2024 Time: 0900-1030 Lile Tonga Taufa ...

TONGA NATIONAL UNIVERSITY FACULTY OF NURSING AND HEALTH SCIENCE QUEEN SALOTE SCHOOL OF NURSING AND MIDWIFERY Session: JOINTS Course Name: Human Bio Science 1 Course Code: ANUR 403 Date: 20.5.2024 Time: 0900-1030 Lile Tonga Taufa  LEARNING OUTCOMES At the end of the session, student will be able to: Describe the structural and functional classifications of joints Describe the structure and functions of the three types of fibrous joints Describe the structure and functions of the two types of cartilaginous joints Describe the structure of synovial joints, six types and functions Describe the types of movements that can occur at synovial joints  Pre-Activity Area where two or more bones meet? Joints Fixed joints and other names Joints where there are no movements between the bones immovable and fibrous joints Slightly moveable joints and other names Cartilaginous joints Freely moveable joints/allow wide range of movement -Synovial joints How many types of freely moveable joints? -Six types of synovial joints 1. Plane (Planar) 2. Hinge (Ginglymus) 3. Pivot (Trochoid) 4. Condyloid (ellip-soidal) 5. Saddle (sellar) 6. Ball a& Socket (spheroid) Joints… A joint is a place where two or more bones connect. The manner in which they connect determines the type of movement allowed at that joint. A SYNARTHROSIS (sĭn ahrTHROW siss) is a joint that allows no movement. An example would be a cranial suture. Joints Classifications (structural or functional) 1. Three (3) Types of the Structural Classification Fibrous joints (3 types) Cartilaginous joints (2 types) Synovial joints (6 types) Joints Classifications (structural or functional) 1. Three (3) Types of the Functional Classification Synarthrosis Amphiarthrosis Diarthrosis  Checkpoint On what basis are joints classified?  1. Fibrous joints There is no synovial cavity Bones are held together by dense connective tissue that is rich in collagen fibres Permits little or no movement  Three (3) types of Fibrous Joints 1. Sutures 2. Syndesmoses 3. Interosseous Membranes  1. Sutures Compose of thin layer of dense irregular connective tissue Occur between bones of the skull  2. Syndesmoses Greater distance between the articulating surfaces More dense irregular connective tissue than in a suture The dense irregular connective tissue is arranged as bundle (ligament) allowing the joint to permit limited movement Example: distal tibiofibular Syndesmoses example  3. Interosseous Membranes Sheet of desnse regular connective tissue that binds neighboring long bones and permits slight movement Eg: between radius and ulna in the forearm : between tibia and fibula  2. Cartilaginous Joints No synovial cavity/lacks Bones are held together by cartilage Allows little or no movement  Two (2) Types of Cartilaginous Joints 1. Synchondroses -connecting material is hyaline cartilage eg: epiphyseal plate that connects the epiphysis and diaphysis of a growing bone 2. Symphyses -ends of the articulating bones are covered with hyaline cartilage. -slightly movable -All symphyses (plural) occur in the midline of the body eg: pubic bone  3. Synovial joints Have/presence synovial cavity allowing movement (freely movable) United by dense irregular connective tissue of an articular capsule and often by accessory ligaments SIX (6 Types of Synovial joints) 1. Plane or Planar 2. Hinge or Ginglymus 3. Pivot or Tronchoid 4. Condyloid or Ellipsoidal 5. Saddle or Sellar 6. Ball and Socket or Spheroid Activity: Description + examples (Differentiate)  Six Factors that affect/influence type of movements/range synovial joints 1. Structure/Shape of the articulating bones 2. Strength and tension of the joint ligaments 3. Arrangement and tension of the muscles 4. Contact of soft parts 5. Hormones 6. Disuse  Functional Classification of Joints Synarthrosis: immovable joint Amphiarthrosis: slightly movable joint Diarthrosis: freely movable Joints…SYNARTHROSIS A SYNARTHROSIS (sĭn ahrTHROW siss) is a joint that allows no movement. An example would be a cranial suture.  A AMPHIARTHROSIS (am fee ahr THROW siss) is Joints… a joint that allows slight movement. An example would be a vertebra. A diarthrosis (dye ahr THROW siss) is a joint that allows free movement in a variety of directions, such as knee, hip, elbow, wrist, and foot.  Extension Flexion Adduction Abduction Opening a joint Closing a joint Moving towards the Moving away center line the center line Rotation Circumducti Plantar- Dorsi-flexion on Flexion Clockwise or Movement of a Extension of the ankle Flexion of the ankle anticlockwise movement circular motion P = pointing Types of body movements at diarthrotic joints… Flexion: Abduction: moving a body bending a limb part away from the middle. Extension: Adduction: moving a body straightening a part toward the middle. flexed limb Types of body movements at diarthrotic joints… Supination: lying supine or face upward; or turning the Circumduction: palm or foot upward. moving a body Pronation: lying prone or part in a circular face downward; or turning motion the palm downward. Types of body movements at diarthrotic joints… Dorsiflexion: Protraction: moving a body bending a body forward. part backwards. Retraction: moving a body part backward. Types of body movements at diarthrotic joints… Rotation: Inversion: turning inward. moving a body Eversion: turning outward. part around a central axis Types of body movements at diarthrotic joints… Trendelenburg Lateral Fowler’s position: sitting recumbent: straight up or reclining slightly; lying on your legs straight or bent. left or right side Trendelenburg position: (TREN duh len burg) lying supine with head lower than feet.  Reference Tortora, G., Derrickson, B. (2012). Principles of Anatomy and Physiology (13th ed). USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc