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Questions and Answers
What are joints?
What are joints?
A joint is a place where two or more bones connect.
Which of the following is a type of fibrous joint?
Which of the following is a type of fibrous joint?
- Ball and Socket
- Condyloid
- Syndesmoses (correct)
- Symphyses
What is the number of types of synovial joints?
What is the number of types of synovial joints?
- Seven
- Six (correct)
- Five
- Four
What allows slight movement in joints?
What allows slight movement in joints?
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A joint that allows no movement is called a _____
A joint that allows no movement is called a _____
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Match the types of movements at diarthrotic joints with their description:
Match the types of movements at diarthrotic joints with their description:
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Which joint is an example of diarthrosis?
Which joint is an example of diarthrosis?
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Sutures are a type of cartilaginous joint.
Sutures are a type of cartilaginous joint.
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What connects the articulating bones in cartilaginous joints?
What connects the articulating bones in cartilaginous joints?
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Study Notes
Joints Overview
- Joints are connections between two or more bones, determining the type of movement allowed.
- Classification of joints can be structural or functional.
Structural Classification of Joints
-
Fibrous Joints:
- No synovial cavity; dense connective tissue rich in collagen fibers holds bones together.
- Limited to no movement.
- Three types:
- Sutures: Dense irregular connective tissue, found in skull bones.
- Syndesmoses: Greater distance between bones, permitting limited movement (e.g., distal tibiofibular joint).
- Interosseous Membranes: Sheets of connective tissue allowing slight movement, found between radius and ulna, and between tibia and fibula.
-
Cartilaginous Joints:
- No synovial cavity; joined by cartilage.
- Allows little or no movement.
- Two types:
- Synchondroses: Connecting material is hyaline cartilage (e.g., epiphyseal plate).
- Symphyses: Covered by hyaline cartilage, allowing slight movement (e.g., pubic symphysis).
-
Synovial Joints:
- Presence of a synovial cavity allowing free movement.
- Composed of dense irregular connective tissue forming an articular capsule and accessory ligaments.
- Six types:
- Plane (Planar)
- Hinge (Ginglymus)
- Pivot (Trochoid)
- Condyloid (Ellipsoidal)
- Saddle (Sellar)
- Ball and Socket (Spheroid)
Functional Classification of Joints
- Synarthrosis: Immovable joints (e.g., cranial sutures).
- Amphiarthrosis: Slightly movable joints (e.g., vertebrae).
- Diarthrosis: Freely movable joints allowing various movements (e.g., knee, hip, elbow).
Movements at Diarthrotic Joints
- Flexion: Bending a limb.
- Extension: Straightening a flexed limb.
- Abduction: Moving a body part away from the midline.
- Adduction: Moving a body part toward the midline.
- Rotation: Movement around a central axis (clockwise or anticlockwise).
- Circumduction: Circular movement of a body part.
- Dorsiflexion: Bending the foot backward.
- Plantar Flexion: Pointing toes.
- Protraction: Moving a body part forward.
- Retraction: Moving a body part backward.
- Inversion: Turning a body part inward.
- Eversion: Turning a body part outward.
Factors Influencing Joint Movement
- Structure and shape of articulating bones.
- Strength and tension of joint ligaments.
- Arrangement and tension of muscles.
- Soft tissue contact.
- Hormonal influences.
- Joint disuse.
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