Japanese Occupation of the Philippines PDF

 JAPANESE INVASION On the 8th of December 1941, Pearl Harbor was bombed and prompted the US to go to war 2  Hours after Pearl Harbor The attack on the Philippines started on December 9, 1941 ten hours after the attack on Pearl Harbor in Hawaii. As at Pearl Harbor, t...

 JAPANESE INVASION On the 8th of December 1941, Pearl Harbor was bombed and prompted the US to go to war 2  Hours after Pearl Harbor The attack on the Philippines started on December 9, 1941 ten hours after the attack on Pearl Harbor in Hawaii. As at Pearl Harbor, the American aircraft were entirely destroyed on the ground. Lacking air cover, the American Asiatic Fleet in the Philippines withdrew to Java on December 12, 1941. 3 Hours after Pearl Harbor...... ✗ Japanese troops landed at the Lingayen Gulf on December 22, 1941 and advanced across central Luzon towards Manila. ✗ The Japanese planned to move swiftly and win victories before the United States could respond with force. 4 Hours after Pearl Harbor...... ✗ On the advice of President Quezon, General MacArthur declared Manila an open city on December 25, 1941 and removed the Commonwealth government to Corregidor. The Japanese occupied Manila on January 2, 1942. 5 Hours after Pearl Harbor...... ✗ Pres. Quezon summoned Gen. Douglas MacArthur and was assigned Field Marshall of the Philippine Army.Training of citizen soldiers was undertaken in the preparation for War. 6 Hours after Pearl Harbor...... ✗ Air attacks took place at Baguio, Tarlac, and the naval and air installations at Subic, Zambales and Clark, Pampanga. In the south, Davao received its first air raid on the same day. 7 Hours after Pearl Harbor...... ✗ The Japanese landing at Lingayen brought Lt. Gen. Masaharu Homma, commander of the Japanese 14th Army forces which invaded the Philippines. 8 Hours after Pearl Harbor...... ✗ Manila was attacked as early as December 9, 1941. ✗ January 2, 1942 – The first Japanese contingent entered Manila and Lt. Gen. Homma declared the end of American rule in the Philippines and imposed martial law in all occupied areas. 9 Japanese Occupation ✗ On January 3, 1942, General Masaharu Homma issued a proclamation announcing the end of the American occupation. 10 Japanese Military Forces declared martial law. Rules during martial law: 1.First Order: Surrender of all firearms 2.Detention camps became places of torture. 3.Priests suspected of engaging in subversion activities were also imprisoned. 4.As early as January 14, 1942, Colonel Murosawa head of the religious section of the Japanese Army issued a Declaration to Christians in the Philippines.By 1943, parish priests were being required to use their pulpits to convince the people that it was useless to resist Japanese rule. 11 Rules during martial law: 5.General Homma allowed the Commonwealth to stay for the moment. He ordered all public officials to continue to discharge their duties. 6.Curfew first from 8:00pm – 6:00am then from 12:00mn – 6:00am. 7.Total black out was lifted on May 4,1942 after the fall of Bataan. 8. Arbitrary arrests and executions were done by the kempeitai (military police) any time of the day. 12 Rules during martial law: 9. “Kura” most feared word (inward wave of hand meant “come here!” signified disaster and outward wave of hand meant “dismiss” or “scram”). 10. Many were also executed on mere suspicion of being with the resistance movement. 11. No one could travel without a pass from its army. (This prohibition in travel was lifted after the fall of Corregidor. 13 Rules during martial law: 12.Taliba, La Vanguardia, Tribune, and Liwayway were allowed to continue publication but under rigid censorship by the government. 13. Many theaters switched from movies to stage shows. 14  Mickey Mouse money Mickey Mouse Money was circulated that provoked inflation in such alarming situation Life During the War Time Years 15 Bataan Death March For the next three months, the combined U.S.-Filipino army held out despite a lack of naval and air support. Finally, on April 9, with his forces crippled by starvation and disease, U.S. General Edward King Jr. (1884-1958), surrendered his approximately 75,000 troops at Bataan. 16  Bataan Death March ✗ April 9, 1942 – The prisoners were disarmed and was told to march to Bataan 105 kilometers to the north. ✗ April 10-15, 1942 From Bataan to Camp O’ Donnell, 76,000 POWS were captured. 17  Comfort Women According to a research report of one section of SCAP, there were 12 houses of relaxation (comfort stations) and 5 brothels for privates and non-commissioned officers. 18 The Puppet Government Quezon and Osmeña had accompanied the troops to Corregidor and later left for the United States, where they set up a government-in-exile. MacArthur was ordered to go to Australia, where he started to plan for his return to the Philippines. 19  KALIBAPI ✗ On December 2, 1942 – The KALIBAPI (Kapisanan sa Paglilingkod sa Bagong Pilipinas), a non-political party, was established. ✗ KALIBAPI’s aim was to bring about the rapid reconstruction of the Philippines and the rehabilitation of the Filipino people. ✗ The Japanese military authorities immediately began organizing a new government structure in the Philippines. 20  KALIBAPI June 18, 1943 – KALIBAPI members appointed a committee to nominate the members of the Preparatory Commission for Philippine Independence(PCPI) 21  KALIBAPI ✗ June 19, 1943 – KALIBAPI, only political party that time, held a convention and “elected” 20 members of Preparatory Commission for Philippine Independence (PCPI, Please Cancel Philippine Independence)as in-charge of framing a constitution for the forthcoming “Republic” ✗ The Japanese worked for the enlistment of the Philippines into the Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere. Reforming the Philippine Government 22  KALIBAPI ✗ September 4, 1943: Constitution was brought to the public ✗ September 7, 1943: Ratification of the Japanese-sponsored Constitution (Preamble and twelve articles) ✗ On September 20 1943, the KALIBAPI- under the leadership of its director general, 23 The New Republic ✗ To elect 54 members of the National Assembly ✗ President: Jose P. Laurel Vice President: Benigno Aquino Sr. And Ramon Anancena 24 Problems of the republic: Shortages of food, Shortages of food, Shortages of food, clothing, oil, and other clothing, oil, and other clothing, oil, and other necessities necessities necessities President Laurel was faced with many pressures and problems because of war and Japanese occupation 25 HUKBALAHAP Hukbong Bayan Laban sa mga Hapon The Japanese occupation was effectively opposed by guerilla warfare, one resistance group in Central Luzon was known as HUKBALAHAP was led by Luis Taruc ,a communist party member since 1939. 26 MacArthur’s Return “People of the Philippines, I have returned!” On October 20, 1944 MacArthur waded ashore onto the Philippine island of Leyte. That day, he made a radio broadcast in which he declared,.Philippine Liberation from the Japanese Sergio Osmena, Sr.as President of the Commowealth since Manuel Quezon died in August 1, 1944. 27 MacArthur’s Return “People of the Philippines, I have returned!” July 1945, Gen MacArthur took over the Philippines from the Japanese. August 15, 1945, Japanese government surrendered to the Americans after the bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki Japan. End of war in the Pacific. 28 End of the Commonwealth Government April 1946, Presidential Election for the last commonwealth president. Manuel Roxas was elected President and Elpedio Quirino was elected as Vice President. July 4, 1946, USA representative Paul McNutt reads the delcaration of the freedom and independence of the Philippines from USA. The beginning of the 3rd Philippine Republic. 29