Chapter 7 Module 3: Forgetting PDF

CHAPTER 7 MODULE 3: FORGETTING episodic memories, although they form normal short-term, procedural, and implicit memories. When we try to recall something from long ago, we Amnesia. Loss of...

CHAPTER 7 MODULE 3: FORGETTING episodic memories, although they form normal short-term, procedural, and implicit memories. When we try to recall something from long ago, we Amnesia. Loss of memory often find that the details have faded and we need Dementia. Forget everything they learned. to infer or reconstruct much of the information. Henry Molaison (1953). Suffering from many The fact that we are built this way is not really a small daily epileptic seizures and about one failing. Computers store every detail that we give major seizure per week. them indefinitely, but our brains don’t need to. The Hippocampus. A large forebrain structure in the older some experience is, the less likely we are to interior of the temporal lobe. need all the details. If we do need the details, we Anterograde Amnesia. Inability to stored new can usually reason them out well enough for most long-term memories. purposes. Retrograde Amnesia. Loss of memory for - Interference. When someone learns several similar events that occurred shortly before the brain sets of material, the earlier ones interfere with damage. retrieval of later ones by proactive interference. - Role of the hippocampus. The hippocampus serves The later ones interfere with earlier ones by many functions in memory. One is to bind together retroactive interference. Interference is a major all the details and context of an event. In the cause of forgetting. absence of a healthy hippocampus or after the Proactive Interference. Old materials increase information in the hippocampus weakens, one is forgetting of new materials. Acting forward in left with only the “gist” of the event time. - Damage to the prefrontal cortex. Patients with Retroactive Interference. New materials damage to the prefrontal cortex give confident increase forgetting of old materials. Acting wrong answers, known as confabulations. Most backward. confabulations were correct information earlier in - The “recovered memory” versus “false memory” the person’s life. debate. Some therapists have used hypnosis or Korsakoff’s Syndrome. A condition caused by a suggestions to try to help people remember painful prolonged deficiency of vitamin b1 (thiamine), experiences. Many researchers doubt the accuracy usually as a result of chronic alcoholism. of those recovered memories. Suggestions can Confabulations. Attempts to fill in the gaps in induce people to distort memories or report events their memories. that did not happen. Morris Moscovitch(1992). The prefrontal cortex Recovered Memories. Reports of long-lost is necessary for working with memory. memories, prompted by clinical techniques. - Alzheimer’s disease. People with Alzheimer’s Repression. Process of moving an disease, a condition that occurs mostly after age 60 unacceptable memory or impulse from the to 65, condition occurring mostly in old age, conscious mind to the unconscious mind. characterized by increasingly severe memory loss, Dissociation. Memory that one has stored but confusion, depression, disordered thinking and cannot retrieve. impaired attention. Memory recall. Process of reconstruction. - Infant amnesia. The apparent explanation is that False memory. An inaccurate report that infants rapidly form new neurons in the someone believes to be a memory. hippocampus, facilitating rapid learning. However, - Amnesia after damage to the hippocampus. H. M. the turnover of neurons means that many old ones and other patients with damage to the are replaced, leading to forgetting. hippocampus have great difficulty storing new Infantile Amnesia. Scarcity of early episodic long-term declarative memories, especially memories. Early childhood amnesia.