Introduction to Psychology PDF

Chapter 1 – Introduction PSYCH01X- Introduction to Psychology At the end of the session, the students shall be able to: 1. Acquire a thorough understanding of psychology, its being a science and its methodology in studying human behavior 2. Determine the significance of psycho...

Chapter 1 – Introduction PSYCH01X- Introduction to Psychology At the end of the session, the students shall be able to: 1. Acquire a thorough understanding of psychology, its being a science and its methodology in studying human behavior 2. Determine the significance of psychology as a behavioral science. 3. Trace the development of psychology as a behavioral science. 4. Determine the great contributions of the schools of thought towards the development of psychology as a science and; 5. Appreciate the benefits derived from the study of psychology as behavioral science THE SCIENCE OF HUMAN BEHAVIOR  Sira Ulo! Maluwag ang Turnilyo! Baliw! MENTAL HEALTH Hindi na May turukan! Sapi! Bilog na naman ang Buwan!  psycho Nagbabasa ng Nagbabasa ng palad isip? Psychology Majors Psychic? May Manghuhula Sapi! PRE ASSESSMENT CODE : 9058 1157 What is Psychology? Comes from the Greek word psyche and logos means the study of the soul. Study the principles and facts governing human behavior. The scientific study of human behavior experiences and the application of that knowledge to human problems (APA, 1979) Is the Scientific Study of Behavior and Mental Processes of an organism.  GOALS AND OBJECTIVES OF PSYCHOLOGY DESCRIBE PREDICT EXPLAIN CONTROL Why Study Psychology ? Need a social science course Learn more about yourself Learn more about others Learn more about how others influence you Learn more about how you influence others Investigate psychology as a major  Psychology vs. Psychiatry Clinical Psychology (PhD) Psychiatry (M.D.) a specialty in a specialty in medicine psychology psychiatrists clinical psychologists may prescribe uses psychotherapy to medication and use treat psychological psychotherapy disorders Psychology’s Careers and Areas of Specialization 1. Clinical Psychology 2. Counseling Psychology 3. Experimental Psychology 4. Behavioral Neuroscience/ Biological Psychology 5. Comparative Psychology 6. Developmental Psychology 7. Social Psychology 8. Personality Psychology 9. School and Educational Psychology 10. Industrial and Organizational Psychology 11. Psychometrics 12. Abnormal Psychology 13. Forensic Psychology 14. Peace Psychology 15. Cognitive Psychology MISCONCEPTIONS FORTUNE TELLING (PANGHUHULA) “Uyy nag-aral ka ng PSYCHOLOGY, basahin mo nga ang nasa isip ko.”  “I-PSYCHO mo nga yang sarili mo” or “PSYCHOLOGY ka dapat alam mo yan”  Labeling people “I – knew – it – all – along” STEREOTYPES Judging too quick Faulty explanations generalizations  CAUTIOUS LISTEN SLOW TO SPEAK OBSERVANT EMPATHETIC UNDERSTANDING FOLLOW THE SCIENTIFIC PROCEDURE 5 Stages of Scientific Method Psychologist are very cautious in labeling people or in making assumptions. One should follows the scientific procedure in studying behavior: 1. State the problem 2. Formulate hypothesis (null/𝐻0 & alternative/𝐻1 ) 3. Gather the data/Findings 4. Hypothesis Testing 5. Conclusion and Recommendation Two types of research that help Psychologists accomplish their goals: Basic research Research conducted to advance knowledge rather than for its practical application Example: studying the nature of memory Applied research Research conducted to solve practical problems Example: exploring methods to improve memory  Methods Used in Psychological Research Naturalistic Observation Survey-Questionnaire This is a visual method of investigation that requires This method of gathering data is indirect but more behavior to be observed in its natural setting or normal structured. A list of pretested questions are environment. These methods allow researchers to have presented to a group of respondents, we call a a realistic picture of the occurrence of behavior sample. researchers are observing the behavior taking place.  Methods Used in Psychological Research Case Study Archival Research This method is particularly done for clinical purposes. The This method of research helps understand behavioral researcher would specifically want to understand the person’s patterns of a person or a group of persons at a particular present condition by obtaining a biography (life story) of the time and place in history. person.  Methods Used in Psychological Research Experimental Method Correlation Method Researches are sometimes conducted to discover the The correlation method seeks to determine the possible extent to which one variable can affect another variable. relationship that may exist between two variables.