Introduction to Psychology PDF

INTRODUCTION TO PSYCHOLOGY  ORIGIN OF PSYCHOLOGY In simple words psychology is a systematic and scientific study of behaviour and mental processes - both overt and covert. The word ‘psychology’ has its origin in two Greek words psyche and logos Psyche (spirit or soul) Logos (study) The term...

INTRODUCTION TO PSYCHOLOGY  ORIGIN OF PSYCHOLOGY In simple words psychology is a systematic and scientific study of behaviour and mental processes - both overt and covert. The word ‘psychology’ has its origin in two Greek words psyche and logos Psyche (spirit or soul) Logos (study) The term psychology, literally means the science of the soul. According to the origin of the two Greek words Psychology is the study of Soul or Spirit. Soul is being Philosophical concept. It is an abstract cannot be seen observe and it is difficult to study even under microscopic condition. Hence this definition is rejected by the Psychologist. During earlier times psychology was considered as a discipline which deals with the study of soul. It was called rational psychology. But modern Psychology is empirical, and does not deal with the problems relating to the soul. It deals with mental process apart from the soul or mental substance. It is the science of experience and behavior, which tells us how the mind works and behaves. In the ancient time, Psychology was considered to be a branch of Philosophy. From hundred years onward Psychology has been separated from the subject of Philosophy because of increased number of experimental method by the Psychologists. Now it is called as Independent science. Wilhelm  DEFINITION PSYCHOLOGY IS THE SCIENTIFIC STUDY OF THE MIND AND BEHAVIOR. Wedges  The primary goals of psychology are to: Decribe behaviour - what is the nature of this behaviour? Understand and explain behaviour why does it occur? Predict behaviour- can we forecast when and under what circumstances it will occur? Control behaviour what factors influence this behaviour? IMPORTANT PEOPLE IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF PSYCHOLOGY SCHOOLS OF THOUGHT parts” MILESTONES IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF MODERN PSYCHOLOGY APPROACHES/PERSPECTIVES IN MODERN PSYCHOLOGY  BIOLOGICAL APPROACH The biological approach to personality posits that personality is influenced by biological factors such as genetics and biochemistry and that certain personality traits are influenced by these factors. FIELDS of psychology  COGNITIVE PSYCHOLOGY study of higher mental processes such as attention, language use, memory, perception, problem solving, and thinking  PHYSIOLOGICAL PSYCHOLOGY in the field of behavioral neuroscience attempts to obtain an understanding of how the nervous system interacts with the rest of the body. It focuses on uncovering the neural underpinnings of how individuals with different nervous systems behave differently, how these differences in behavior may result from an underlying neurophysiological basis, and how these neural processes contribute to the production of behavioral traits.  DEVELOPMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY the scientific study of how and why humans grow, change, and adapt across the course of their lives. Originally concerned with infants and children, the field has expanded to include adolescence, adult development, aging, and the entire lifespan.  SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY Social psychologists are interested in all aspects of personality and social interaction, exploring the influence of interpersonal and group relationships on human behavior.  SCHOOL PSYCHOLOGY School Psychology, a general practice of Health Service Psychology, is concerned with children, youth, families, and the schooling process. School psychologists are prepared to intervene at the individual and system levels, and develop, implement and evaluate programs to promote positive learning environments for children and youth from diverse backgrounds, and to ensure equal access to effective educational and psychological services that promote  INDUSTRIAL/ ORGANIZATIONAL PSYCHOLOGY The specialty of industrial-organizational psychology (also called I/O psychology) is characterized by the scientific study of human behavior in organizations and the work place.  FORENSIC PSYCHOLOGY Forensic psychology is a specialty in professional psychology characterized by activities primarily intended to provide professional psychological expertise within the judicial and legal systems.  CLINICAL PSYCHOLOGY are concerned with the diagnosis and treatment of psychological disturbances. Provides continuing and comprehensive mental and behavioral health care for individuals, couples, families, and groups; consultation to agencies and communities; training, education and supervision; and research-based practice.  COUNSELING PSYCHOLOGY Counseling Psychology is a generalist health service (HSP) specialty in professional psychology that uses a broad range of culturally-informed and culturally-sensitive practices to help people improve their well-being, prevent and alleviate distress and maladjustment, resolve crises, and increase their ability to function better in their lives. It focuses specifically but not exclusively on normative life-span development, with a particular emphasis on prevention and education as well as amelioration, addressing individuals as well as the systems or contexts in which they function. It has particular expertise in work and career issues. CROSS-CULTURAL PSYCHOLOGY the systematic study of human psychological processes and behavior across multiple cultures, involving the observation of similarities and differences in values, practices, and so forth between different societies. ENVIRONMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY Environmental psychology is an interdisciplinary field that focuses on the interplay between individuals and their surroundings. The field defines the term environment broadly, encompassing natural environments, social settings, built environments, learning environments, and informational environments.  PSYCHIATRY Psychiatry is the branch of medicine focused on the diagnosis, treatment and prevention of mental, emotional and behavioral disorders. A psychiatrist is a medical doctor (an M.D. or D.O.) who specializes in mental health, including substance use disorders. Psychiatrists are qualified to assess both the mental and physical aspects of psychological problems.  PSYCHOLOGY OF WOMEN Feminine psychology or the psychology of women is an approach that focuses on social, economic, and political issues confronting women all throughout their lives. It emerged as a reaction to male-dominated developmental theories such as Sigmund Freud's view of female sexuality. RESEARCH METHODS IN PSYCHOLOGY GOALS OF THE RESEARCH METHODS THANK YOU FOR LISTENING!