Digestive System Study Guide PDF

Digestive System Study Guide the involuntary constriction and relaxation of the muscles of the intestine or another canal, creating wave-like movements that push the contents of the canal forward. 1. What is peristalsis? _____________________________...

Digestive System Study Guide the involuntary constriction and relaxation of the muscles of the intestine or another canal, creating wave-like movements that push the contents of the canal forward. 1. What is peristalsis? ___________________________________ Small pumps on the top of your tongue that help to grip food while your teeth 2. What are papillae and where are they located? _________________________________________ are chewing 3. What is the roof of the oral cavity called (2 parts): ____________________________________________ The palate - Hard and Soft A flap of tissue is suspended from the midpoint of the posterior border of the soft palate. Prevents food from What is the uvula? ________________________________________ entering the nasal cavity during swallowing Parotid glands: anterior to the ears and superior to the skin 4. What are the three salivary glands and where are they located? _________________________________________ Sublingual glands: Under tongue Submandibular glands: On floor of mouth 5. What are the two types of movements within the alimentary canal? _______________________________________ Segmentation and Peristalsis 6. What are the three main functions of the digestive system? Mechanical 1) __________________and ___________________ Chemical break down of food Absorption 2) _____________________________ of nutrients Elimination 3) ______________________________ of wastes Esophageal hiatus 7. What is the name of the opening where the esophagus pass through the diaphragm? _________________________ 8. What layer of the alimentary canal carries out absorption? ________________________ Mucosa Submucosa What layer contains glands, blood vessels, and nerves? _______________________________ Muscularis propria What layer contains the muscles? ______________________________ Serosa What layer covers the structures? _________________________________ Lower Esophageal sphincter 9. What valve opens from the esophagus to the stomach? _______________________________________ Pyloric sphincter What valve opens from the stomach to the small intestine? ___________________________________ Lingual frenulum 10. What structure connects the tongue to the floor of the mouth? ________________________________ Salivary amylase 11. What digestive enzyme is produced by the salivary glands? __________________________ Cardia 12. The part of the stomach that sits slightly above the esophagus is called the _____________________________ Tooth enamel 13. What is the hardest substance found in the body? ____________________________ pulp 14. The central cavity of the tooth is made of _________________________________ Crown The top of the tooth is called the _______________________________ Root The part of the tooth that extends below the gums is called the ________________________ Incisors 15. The front teeth are called _______________________. molars The back teeth are called _____________________ The pointed teeth after the incisors are the __________________________ canines 16. What is food called after it has been broken down into a paste? _________________________________ Chyme Gastric folds or gastric rugae What are the folds inside the stomach called? _________________________________ Build up of bilirubin in the blood 17. What causes jaundice in newborns? _____________________________________ 18. Trace the path of food once it enters the colon (follow through the parts) Ascending colon ________________________ Transverse colon to _____________________________ Descending colon to __________________________ Produces enzymes that break down food in the small intestine. 19. What is the function of the pancreas? ________________________________________________________ Liver and gallbladder 20. What does the bile duct connect? ____________________________ small intestine to the _______________________________  Just behind the neck of your pancreas and in front of your inferior vena cava. 21. Where is the hepatic portal vein located? _____________________________________________ 22. Trace the path of food from the stomach and through all of the parts of the small intestine: duodenum stomach → ___________________________ jejunum → _______________________ ileum > ________________________ Jejunum * Which section is the longest? __________________________________________ Store and release bile. 23. What is the function of the gall bladder? __________________________________________ Help to digest fats and eliminate waste from the body. What is the function of bile? ___________________________________ Mesentery 24. What membrane holds the coils of the small intestine together? _____________________________________ Peritoneum What membrane covers the organs of the digestive system like a curtain ? _____________________________ Absorb nutrients from digested food. 25. What is the function of the intestinal villi? ____________________________________________ Sigmoid colon 26. What part of the colon is located right before the rectum? __________________________________ Lower right quadrant of the abdomen, in the right iliac fossa 27. Where is the cecum located? _________________________________________________________ The appendix What “useless” structure is attached to it? _____________________________________ Rectum 28. What part of the system stores waste prior to its elimination? _____________________________ Strong, wave-like contractions of the large intestine muscles that forcefully propel fecal matter towards 29. What is a mass movement? ______________________________________ the rectum 30. The “flora” of the large intestine is what? Community of bacteria, primarily consisting of anaerobic bacteria like Bacteroides __________________________________________________ Absorbing water and electrolytes, producing and absorbing vitamins, and forming and 31. What is the function of the large intestine? ________________________________________________ propelling feces toward the rectum for elimination Chronic diarrhea if this function does not work, what sickness can result? _______________________________________ hernia 32. If part of the small intestine pokes through the abdominal muscles, a person has a ________________________ 33. Hepatitis (A,B, or C) affects which organ of the digestive system? ______________________________ Liver Fruits, vegetables, and whole grains 34. The majority of a human’s diet should consist of what? __________________________________ Lipase 35. What substance is mainly responsible for breaking down fats? _______________________________________ Gastric juice What substance is created in the stomach and breaks down food? __________________________________ Digestive condition that occurs when your body can't digest lactose, a sugar found In milk and dairy 36. What is lactose intolerance? ______________________________________________ products Acid reflux 37. What is another name for gastroesophageal reflux disease? __________________________________ biliary 38. The __________________________________ system refers to the liver, pancreas and gallbladder. Hepatic ducts, cystic duct, and common bile duct What are the three ducts found in that system? __________________________________________ severe diarrhea with blood accompanied by severe abdominal cramps, 39. If a person has dysentery , they have a dangerous form of _______________________________ and potentially leading to severe dehydration if untreated 40. Be able to label structures of the digestive system on an image. (This includes a close-up view of the stomach and biliary system)