Introduction, History, and Timeline of Nanobiotechnology PDF

Introduction, history and Timeline of Nanobiotechnology Abstract It all began in the winter of December 1959 in a meeting at the California Institute of Technology (CalTech) when a rather modest scientist (136 IQ compared to 142 of Einstein) who we...

Introduction, history and Timeline of Nanobiotechnology Abstract It all began in the winter of December 1959 in a meeting at the California Institute of Technology (CalTech) when a rather modest scientist (136 IQ compared to 142 of Einstein) who went by the name of Richard Feynman delivered a lecture titled “There is plenty of room at the bottom”. Although it did not include the term “Nanotechnology”, the ideas and concepts of nanotechnology were the principal objective of the lecture. Feynman’s lecture opened up a new area of physics altogether. He described a process in which scientists could control and manipulate atoms and or anything which was in the size range 10^-9 meters. This revolutionized the entire world of physics and now we have the use of Nanotechnology everywhere, from fluoride nano-crystals in your toothpaste to gold nano particles’ use in the early detection of Cancer to future uses of nanobots to cure diseases spontaneously.  Leecture I Introducction In Decem mber 1959, Richard Feynman F dellivered a leecture on mmanipulationn and control of individuaal atoms and d molecules at the Califo ornia Institut ute of Technoology calledd “There is pplenty of ro oom at thee bottom”, which accted as fouunding stepp of nanoteechnology and a openedd up a neew branch all-togetherr for Physiccists. After almost a deccade in his eexploration oof ultra-preccision machiining, Norio Taniguchi used u rm “nanotechhnology” foor the first tiime the term opularized bby Drexler ], and thus bbegan the jouurney and laater it was po of nannotechnology y and its relaated branchees. The teerm “nano” has been dderived from m the Greeek word “naanos” which means dwaarf. The Nattional Nanottechnology Initiative deefines nanoteechnology as a “The maanipulation of matter w with at-leastt one dimen nsion sized between b 1 too 100 nanom meters” (It iis imperativee that one off the dimen nsions shoulld be between 1 to 1000 nanometerrs for quantu um mechaniccal effects too take place)). So how w much exacctly is one nnanometer? - There are a 25,400,00 0 nanometerrs in one inch h; - On a coomparative scale, s if a maarble were a nanometer,, then one m meter would bbe the size oof the earth. The abiliity to manip pulate atomss and moleccules at the molecular leevel itself iss a very excciting thing, bu ut the fact that we could use it for ou ur benefit is even more mind-boggliing. This waas the exact reaaction of sciientists of th hat time, butt they did noot even havve the apparaatuses to obbserve these ato oms, manipulating these atoms was a very far offf thing. Butt after the asscent of the STM (Scanninng Tunnelin ng Microsscope) an nd the A AFM (Atom mic Force Microscoppe), Nanotech hnology gain ned a very po ositive push towards thee right directtion. Even thoough nano-sccience and nanotechnol n logy as a brranch of scieence is quitee new, nanooscale materialss have been used from a long time. If I you mightt have seen the stained gglass window ws of medievall churches, you y have seeen a spectaccle of nano-sscience maggic. The artissts creating these stained glass g windowws used alteernate sized silver and ggold particlees. The proccess they ussed to create th hese glass windows w led to the channges in the compositionn of the matterials they were working with. In the present p scenario, scientiists use a wide w varietyy of techniqques and m methods to ccreate nanoscale devices ass they are more m durable, have a hiigher strenggth, lighter w weight and other -9 enhanced d properties than t materiaals of normall sizes (>10^^ ). Essence E off Nanotech hnology Beauty of o Fine Dots – Making g sense of sm mall nothin ngs – Seurett :Sunday aafternoon on n the Islands of o Grand Jeette.