Highway and Railroad Engineering PDF

Highway and Railroad Engineering Engr. Lester L. Ramirez DEFINITION ❖major road designed for the high- speed and efficient movement of vehicles over long distances ❖typically have multiple lanes and are built to accommodate a large volume of traffic Wh...

Highway and Railroad Engineering Engr. Lester L. Ramirez DEFINITION ❖major road designed for the high- speed and efficient movement of vehicles over long distances ❖typically have multiple lanes and are built to accommodate a large volume of traffic What is ❖connect cities, towns, and regions, facilitating both local and interstate HIGHWAY? travel  ❖ 3500 BC The early roads were constructed primarily for the movement of armies in their conquest or defense against What is invasion and the transport of food and trade of goods HIGHWAY? between towns and cities. The Romans discovered & introduced the use of cement in road construction which the road constructed lasted for 2000 years HISTORY  ❖ 3500 BC Summum Dursum large stone slabs Nucleus made from small gravel and coarse sand What is Rudus thick layer of concrete made from stone HIGHWAY? Statumen layer of stones at least 2 inches in size HISTORY  Pioneers of Road Development Jerome Tresaguet Thomas Telford John Loudon Eli Blake (1716 – 1796) (1757 – 1834) McAdam A famous French A Scottish engineer – A famous Scottish Invented the first engineer who Westminster Abbe who developed the stone crusher in introduced a new and was named The macadam road 1858. method of constructing President & founder concept and is roads. He was also of the Institute of Civil widely spread and accredited as the father of modern road Engineers. accepted in road building. construction. Roman Roads Road Design Development Modern Road Design Profile Road Design Development Highway in the Philippines ❖ Pre-1900s - Highways were non-existence in the Philippines and Transportation depended largely on trails, water, railroad, and earth roads. ❖ Post World War II – The newly independent government of the Philippines gave special attention to the roads’ development through finances from the Japanese government and aid from the US government. ❖ After 20 years - major highways and expressways were constructed with financial assistance from the World Bank & the IMF ❖ 1950s – 1980s (automobile age) - During this period road construction and improvement became a matter of priority to the Philippine government with a slogan saying, “The nation is on wheels” ❖ 1980s to present - modern highway development continued alongside technical advances. Common Functional Categories of Highways Exclusively for the facilitation of the traffic for high-speed motor vehicles, complete and partial separation from other roads and frontage. The design speed must be equal to or greater than 120 kilometers per hour. FREEWAY Common Functional Categories of Highways Services areas through grade separation or traffic barriers at all locations. There are no parking places and walkways and the access to and from the roadside is fully controlled. The large distances between interchanged are determined with the formula B is greater than 4H, where B is the total width of the road and H is the height of walls or the height of adjoining buildings and/or terrain. The design speed is greater than or equal to 100 kilometers per hour. EXPRESSWAY Common Functional Categories of Highways This road facilitates traffic mobility function for all classes of means of transportation; it consists of a normal terrain section, traffic barriers, landscaping, and curbs. The maximum design speed is ranging from 80 to 100 kilometers per hour. ARTERIAL ROAD Common Functional Categories of Highways This road controls vehicular access; one roadway for each traffic stream and physically separate carriageways for different traffic streams and all intersections are actively controlled. The maximum design speed is ranging from 70 to 80 kilometers per hour. BOULEVARD Common Functional Categories of Highways It is a separate roadway for motor vehicles and pedestrians but generally no physical separation of carriageways; roadways include parking spaces specified on the way. The maximum design speed is ranging from 30 to 50 kilometers per hour. COLLECTOR/ MINOR ROADS Common Functional Categories of Highways A single travel way for all types of vehicle with no physical separation of carriageways and unlimited parking on the way. The maximum design speed is 15 kilometers per hour. LOCAL ROAD