Pharmacy Chapter on Drug Dosage Forms
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Questions and Answers

What best defines a drug?

  • An agent intended for use in the diagnosis, treatment, or prevention of disease (correct)
  • Any chemical substance
  • A substance obtained by chemical processes only
  • A mixture of active substances and excipients

    • All chemical substances can be classified as drugs.

    False

    What are the main categories of drug dosage forms?

    Solid, liquid, semi-solid

    A tablet is a mixture of active substances and __________.

    <p>excipients</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following dosage form types with their characteristics:

    <p>Solid = Pressed or compacted into a solid form Liquid = Formulated into clear or stable solutions Aerosol = Delivered in a pressurized container Semi-solid = Used for topical administration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of tablet is designed to be released at a time other than immediately after administration?

    <p>Delayed release</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Effervescent tablets react with water to release carbon dioxide rapidly.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of modifying the release of tablets?

    <p>To improve compliance of patients taking medication.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The type of tablet designed to dissolve under the tongue for fast absorption is called a ______ tablet.

    <p>sublingual</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following types of tablets with their description:

    <p>Buccal tablets = Dissolved at the cheeks for fast absorption Chewable tablets = Intended to be chewed before ingestion Lozenges = Intended to dissolve slowly in the mouth Capsules = Small soluble containers enclosing a dose of medication</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic feature of soft gelatin capsules?

    <p>They contain a liquid or paste form of medication.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Multiple compressed tablets are prepared using only one compression process.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Name one purpose of targeted release tablets.

    <p>To direct drug release towards a specific tissue or site of absorption.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of powder is intended for the cavity?

    <p>Douches</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Granules are packaged individually, each dose separately wrapped in paper or sealed into a sachet.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the three divisions of powders mentioned?

    <p>Bulk powders, Divided powders, and Medicated powders</p> Signup and view all the answers

    __________ are medicated waters used as flavoring agents.

    <p>Aromatic waters</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following types of aqueous solutions with their descriptions:

    <p>Waters = Used as a vehicle and solvent Aromatic waters = Medicated waters for flavoring Aqueous acids = Important in manufacturing Douches = Cleasnsing preparation for vaginal cavity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a type of liquid dosage form?

    <p>Dusting powders</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Enemas are only used for therapeutic purposes.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of insufflations?

    <p>Insufflations are designed to blow medicated powders into body cavities.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of a syrup?

    <p>Sugar solution</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Mucilages are produced by extracting mucilaginous principles from vegetable substances with water.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of preparations are ointments classified as?

    <p>Semisolid preparations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    ___ and ___ are types of emulsions where two immiscible liquids are combined.

    <p>Oil in Water, Water in Oil</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following types of mixtures with their definitions:

    <p>Suspension = Finely divided solid dispersed in a liquid Gels = Semisolid systems with interpenetrated liquid Milks = Aqueous suspensions of insoluble drugs Lotions = Liquid preparations with active ingredients</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following describes jellies?

    <p>Gels containing a high portion of liquid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Creams are only of the W/O type.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who discovered parenteral dosage forms?

    <p>Dr. A Wood</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which neurotransmitter binds to M3 receptors to stimulate gastric acid secretion?

    <p>Acetylcholine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Gastrin is released from parietal cells in response to food intake.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What primary condition leads to peptic ulcer formation in the stomach?

    <p>Over-secretion of gastric acids, particularly hydrochloric acid.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Hydrochloric acid is predominantly secreted by ______ cells in the stomach.

    <p>parietal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following components with their associated functions:

    <p>Ach = Stimulates acid secretion via M3 receptors Gastrin = Stimulates hydrochloric acid production Histamine = Acts on H2 receptors to increase acid secretion Proton pump = Pumps protons out to form hydrochloric acid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of calcium in gastric acid secretion?

    <p>Activates protein kinases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Peptic ulcers can form independently of food intake under severe stress.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Name the receptors that gastrin binds to in the stomach.

    <p>CCK2 receptors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of a purgative?

    <p>To purge the bowels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Antihypertensive agents are used for increasing blood pressure.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Name one medication that is classified as a laxative.

    <p>Dulcolax</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A(n) ______ is used to promote the expulsion of mucus from the respiratory tract.

    <p>expectorant</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following groups of drugs is used to treat asthma symptoms?

    <p>Antiasthmatics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following terms with their definitions:

    <p>Analgesic = Relieves pain without loss of consciousness Antipyretic = Reduces or prevents fever Mucolytic = Dissolves or liquefies mucus Antigout = Treats gout and related pain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Expectorants should be given for a dry cough.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is gout?

    <p>A form of acute arthritis causing severe pain and swelling in the joints.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Introduction to Drugs and Dosage Forms

    • Chemical vs. Drug: A chemical is a substance formed from elements via chemical processes. A drug is an agent used to treat, cure, or prevent diseases in humans or animals.
    • Dosage Forms: Drug substances are rarely administered alone, but usually in combination with other agents for specific purposes like diluting or flavoring.
    • Purpose of Dosage Forms: These forms are used to deliver medication safely and conveniently in specific dosages. Dosage forms can also protect drugs from environmental factors like oxygen or humidity, and also from gastric acid.
    • Dosage Form Types: The document lists solid and liquid forms.

    Solid Dosage Forms

    • Coated Tablets: These tablets are coated to protect active ingredients from air, moisture, light, to improve their appearance, and hide unpleasant tastes or odors. Sub-types include sugar-coated tablets, film-coated tablets, and enteric-coated tablets.
    • Sugar-Coated Tablets: Tablets created with sugar to enhance palatability.
    • Film-Coated Tablets: Thin coatings of resins, polymers, or plasticizers creating a skin-like film. These coatings can make the tablets less bulky.
    • Enteric-Coated Tablets: Designed to resist gastric fluids but dissolve in intestinal fluids, providing delayed release (e.g., protecting stomach-sensitive drugs).
    • Implant Tablets: These are inserted within the body (e.g., skin) for prolonged or sustained release.

    Other Solid Dosage Forms

    • Modified Release Tablets: Designed to alter the rate of drug release in the GI tract, prolonging the effect and potentially reducing administration frequency. Different types include extended release, delayed release, and repeat action.
    • Effervescent Tablets: Containing acid substance and carbonates that release carbon dioxide in water to form a fizz.
    • Chewable Tablets: Specifically designed to be broken and chewed before ingestion.
    • Buccal Tablets: Designed to dissolve in the buccal/cheek area of the mouth.
    • Sublingual Tablets: Designed for dissolving under the tongue.
    • Tablet and Cone-shaped Suppositories: Designed to be inserted into the rectum.
    • Troches/Lozenges: Solid form intended to dissolve or disintegrate slowly in the mouth. These may be prepared by direct compression, wet or dry granulation, or double compaction.
    • Capsules: Small soluble containers (usually gelatin) for enclosing oral medication/vitamins (hard or soft gelatin).
    • Thin Film Drug Delivery: Uses thin dissolving films or strips similar in size to postage stamps, placed under or on the tongue.

    Liquid Dosage Forms

    • Aqueous Solutions: Clear liquid prescriptions that are homogeneous in nature (e.g., waters, aromatic waters, aqueous acids, solutions, douches, enema, gargles, mouthwashes, juices, syrups, etc.).
    • Non-Aqueous Solutions: Liquid preparations that utilize non-water-based solvents, such as alcoholic solutions (e.g., tinctures, spirits, glycerites) and preparations containing pyroxylin in a combination of ether and ethanol (e.g., collodions).

    Other Dosage Forms

    • Powders: Bulk or medicated preparations in powder form as well as dentifrices.
    • Solutions homogeneous mixture composed of two or more substances.
    • Sprays: Intended for spraying in the affected area, like liniments.
    • Oleaginous Preparations: Include Liniments and Oleovitamins
    • Inhalations/Insufflations: Administration of drugs or solutions via the nasal or oral route for drug delivery through inhalation.
    • Medications For Vaporization drugs or solutions or suspensions that are inhaled, either local or systemic.
    • Syrups, Honeys, Mucilages: Viscous/thick liquids/preparations containing substances dissolved in syrup, honey, or mucilages.
    • Jelli:es: Gels where the matrix largely contains liquids.
    • Mixures: A two phase system (e.g., suspensions, gels, emulsions).
    • Semi-solids: Includes creams, ointments and preparations for external application to the body.
    • Sterile Preparations: Dosage forms containing sterile products packaged for insertion/administration. Include parenteral preparations (e.g. injections into muscles, veins, subcutaneous tissues, intradermal, intraosseous tissue).

    Drug Classifications

    The document organizes drug categories (e.g., anti-acids, antiulcers, antiflatulents, anti-inflammatory, antihypertensive, antiasthmatics, expectorants, mucolytics, nasal decongestants, antirheumatic, anti-gout, antipsychotic, hypnotic, sedative, anticonvulsants, anti-depressants, CNS stimulants, anti-emetics, antiviral, anti-neoplastic, anti-malarial, anti-diabetic, antithyroid, anti-hyperlipidemic, anti-anemic).

    Additional Information

    • The text provides information on specific drugs/agents, their dosage forms, and administration routes in tabular format.
    • Some notes are focused on the mechanisms, or the causes of certain medical conditions and the role of drugs related to their treatment or prevention.

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    Intro To Dds PDF

    Description

    Test your knowledge on the definitions and classifications of drug dosage forms with this quiz. Explore various types of tablets and their characteristics, as well as the specific purposes of different drug forms. Perfect for pharmacy students looking to reinforce their understanding of medications.

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