Intro to Computing - for presentation 2024.pdf

Overview of Information and Communications Technology Learning Outcomes 1. Explain the data processing cycle through examples. 2. Define/differentiate elements of computer system 3. Explain the characteristics of computers based on their classification 4. Explain what computers are most useful...

Overview of Information and Communications Technology Learning Outcomes 1. Explain the data processing cycle through examples. 2. Define/differentiate elements of computer system 3. Explain the characteristics of computers based on their classification 4. Explain what computers are most useful for and what they cannot do Data Processing Cycle Input-Processing-Output Input (Data) – raw facts including texts, numbers, images, and sounds http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-Hsp7_nFPRsw/ULwfh5roB1I/AAAAAAAAFME/GSHOEnVgLhg/s200/Data-Processing1.gif Output (Information) – processed data which is more meaningful to the user Data in Context STUDENT LIST STUDENT ID STUDENT NAME PROGRAM 10540 James Ty BSCOE 11040 Aaron Dionisio BIE 10110 Kenra Reyes BSCS 10116 Mischka Diaz BSIT 11000 Mara Tan BSIT 10111 Markus Manio BSCS Summarized data Student Population 90000 count 80000 80000 75000 70000 70000 60000 60000 11% 50000 50000 41% 14% BIE 40000 40000 BSCOE 30000 20000 20000 BSCS 15000 34% 10000 10000 BSIT 0 199019952000200520102015202020252030 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Year 199019952000200520102015202020252030 No. Of Students10000 15000 20000 40000 50000 60000 70000 75000 80000 Year Percent Enrollment by Major  Elements of a Computer Introduction to System Computers Classification of Computers Capabilities and Limitations of a Computer History of Computing ELEMENTS OF A COMPUTER SYSTEM HARDWARE SOFTWARE PEOPLEWARE ELEMENTS OF A COMPUTER SYSTEM HARDWARE ELEMENTS OF A COMPUTER SYSTEM SOFTWARE This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA-NC This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-NC ELEMENTS OF A COMPUTER SYSTEM PEOPLEWARE Image source: ogl.co.uk ELEMENTS OF A COMPUTER SYSTEM HARDWARE Physical components of the computer system SOFTWARE Instructions that run the computer system PEOPLEWARE The people involved in the information technology system whether as user or developer CLASSIFICATION OF COMPUTERS According to Size According to Types of Data Handling According to Purpose  CLASSIFICATION OF COMPUTERS 1. According to Size Supercomputer Mainframe Minicomputer Microcomputer By size Supercomputer Used for intensive computation Weather forecasting Climate research Oil Exploration Molecular modelling Quantum mechanics Cryptanalysis Image source: Autodesk.com  CRAY Image source: britannica.com https://msutoday.msu.edu/news/2023/msu-takes-fastest-supercomputer-to-final- frontier#:~:text=Frontier%20is%20capable%20of%20performing,Frontier%20to%20better%20understand%20galaxies. World’s Fastest Supercomputers Fugaku https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BqebM9SoAlk Frontier https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=etVzy1z_Ptg  CLASSIFICATION OF COMPUTERS Supercomputers They are used for performing complex mathematical calculations. Mostly used by scientists and mathematicians They have huge memories & tremendous processing speed. They are huge computers installed in space centres, nuclear power stations etc. They are used for weather forecasting, animation graphics etc. By size Mainframe Usually used for bulk processing Census Data Processing Transaction Processing Image source: Itp.net  CLASSIFICATION OF COMPUTERS By size Mainframe Image source: nbcnews.com IBM SYSTEM /360 Mainframe Computers They are big computer systems sensitive to temperature, humidity, dust etc. Qualified & trained operators are required to operate them. They have wide range of peripherals attached. They have large storage capacity. They can use wide variety of softwares. They are not user friendly. They can be used for more mathematical calculations. They are installed in large commercial places or government organizations. Microcomputers They are cheap and user friendly. The main components are Monitor, CPU, Keyboard, Mouse, Speakers, Modem and Printer. They have limited peripherals attached to them. This type of computers can use wide range of softwares. Their operation can be easily learnt by anyone having logical aptitude. By size Minicomputer Lesser than a mainframe in terms of Size Price Memory Speed Functionality Image source: Quora Minicomputers They have less memory & storage capacity than mainframe computers. They offer limited range of peripherals. Limited range of softwares can be used by them. The end users can directly operate it. They are not very sensitive to the external environment QUANTUM COMPUTER Biden looks at a quantum computer at IBM (Oct 7, 2022) Justin Sink (White House correspondent) @justinsink  CLASSIFICATION OF COMPUTERS 2. According to Data Handling Analog Digital Hybrid By Data Handling Analog Vs. Digital Analog Computers are devices in which continuously variable physical quantities such as electrical potential, fluid pressure, or mechanical motion are represented in a way similar to the corresponding quantities in the problem to be solved. While Digital Computers performs calculations and logical operations with quantities represented as digits, usually in the binary number system of “0” and “1”, “Computer capable of solving problems by processing information expressed in discrete form. from manipulation of the combinations of the binary digits. https://www.britannica.com/technology/analog-computer https://www.britannica.com/technology/analog-computer Analog devices displays data in continuous form Examples: Speedometer, Oscilloscope Digital devices transform all data into binary form (0 and 1), and then it executes all operations on them. Example : personal computers  By Data Handling Hybrid Hybrid computer is a digital computer that accepts analog signals, converts them to digital and processes them in digital form Examples: Gas pump station MRI, ECG machines in hospitals * https://www.britannica.com/technology/analog-computer  CLASSIFICATION OF COMPUTERS 3. According to Purpose Special Purpose General Purpose 2. According to Purpose Special Purpose Computers - Dedicated to a specific task - May be more efficient because of specialized programs (advantage) General Purpose Computers - Handles a variety of tasks - Versatile (advantage)