Intervention for Clients with HIV/AIDS & Other Immunodeficiencies

INTERVENTION FOR CLIENTS WITH HIV/AIDS AND OTHER IMMUNODEFICIENCIES Presented By : Rodjan Franco M. Arias  INTRODUCTION This report outlines intervention strategies for clients diagnosed with HIV/AIDS and other immunodeficiencies. Effective management of t...

INTERVENTION FOR CLIENTS WITH HIV/AIDS AND OTHER IMMUNODEFICIENCIES Presented By : Rodjan Franco M. Arias  INTRODUCTION This report outlines intervention strategies for clients diagnosed with HIV/AIDS and other immunodeficiencies. Effective management of these conditions requires a multifaceted approach, including medical treatment, psychological support, and lifestyle modifications.  WHAT IS HIV/AIDS? HIV, or human immunodeficiency virus, is a virus that attacks the body's immune system, specifically targeting CD4 cells, which are crucial for fighting infections. It is primarily transmitted through certain bodily fluids during unprotected sex or by sharing needles. If untreated, HIV can progress to AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome), a severe stage characterized by a significantly weakened immune system and increased susceptibility to infections.  WHAT IS IMMUNODEFICIENCIES? Immunodeficiencies are disorders characterized by a compromised immune system, leading to increased susceptibility to infections and diseases. They can be classified into two main types: Primary Immunodefeciencies Secondary Immunodefeciencies  PRIMARY IMMUNODEFICIENCIES These are genetic disorders resulting from intrinsic defects in the immune system, affecting components like B cells, T cells, or phagocytes. Examples include X-linked agammaglobulinemia and severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID).  SECONDARY IMMUNODEFICIENCIES These are acquired due to external factors such as infections (e.g., HIV), malnutrition, or medications like steroids. They can result in a weakened immune response, making individuals more vulnerable to opportunistic infections. WHAT ARE THE CAUSES OF HIV/AIDS AND OTHER IMMUNODEFICIENCIES? HIV, or human immunodeficiency virus, is the virus that causes AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome). It primarily spreads through: - Unprotected sexual intercourse (vaginal, anal, or oral) with an infected person. - Sharing needles, syringes, or other equipment to inject drugs with an infected person. - From mother to child during pregnancy, childbirth, or breastfeeding. - Less commonly, through blood transfusions or organ transplants, although this is rare today due to improved screening. Causes of Other Immunodeficiencies Immunodeficiencies can be primary (genetic) or secondary (acquired). Some common causes include: Primary Immunodeficiencies - Genetic defects affecting the development or function of immune system components like B cells, T cells, or phagocytes. - Examples: X-linked agammaglobulinemia, severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID), chronic granulomatous disease  Secondary Immunodeficiencies - Infections like HIV/AIDS that directly impair immune function - Malnutrition, especially protein-energy malnutrition, which affects cell-mediated immunity and phagocytosis - Certain medications like steroids, chemotherapy drugs, and immunosuppressants that suppress the immune system - Aging, which can lead to a gradual decline in immune function  SUMMARY In summary, HIV causes AIDS by destroying CD4+ T cells, while other immunodeficiencies can result from genetic defects or be acquired due to infections, malnutrition, medications, or aging.  INTERVENTIONS Key interventions for clients with HIV/AIDS and other immunodeficiencies include: Antiretroviral Therapy (ART) - Initiate ART as soon as possible to reduce viral load, improve health, and prevent transmission. Regular Testing and Counseling - Provide routine HIV testing and counseling to help clients understand their status and engage in risk- reduction behaviors.  INTERVENTIONS Prevention Strategies - Implement PrEP for high-risk individuals PrEP, or Pre-exposure Prophylaxis, is a preventive medication for individuals at high risk of contracting HIV. Taken daily, PrEP can reduce the risk of HIV infection from sexual activity by approximately 99% and by at least 74% for those who inject drugs. It is most effective when taken consistently as prescribed. - Ensure access to condoms and sterile syringes to prevent new infections.  INTERVENTIONS Support Services - Provide mental health support, nutritional guidance, and management of co-infections to enhance well- being and adherence to treatment. Behavioral Interventions - Use peer advocates to improve engagement in care - Implement intensive behavioral counseling to reduce risky sexual behaviors and increase condom usage. Structural Interventions - Address social and environmental factors that contribute to HIV risk, such as policies and access to prevention services.  CONCLUSION By combining antiretroviral therapy, prevention strategies, support services, and behavioral and structural interventions, comprehensive care can be provided to clients with HIV/AIDS and other immunodeficiencies to improve health outcomes and prevent new infections. THANK YOU Presented By : Rodjan Franco M. Arias BSN - 3A