Integumentary System Learning Outcomes PDF

Integumentary System ( HUMAN SKIN ) Bandar Almutairi ADON  Objectives for the Integumentary System layers of the skin Understand major structures and functions Understand and name the primary #1 #2 Recognize the key components...

Integumentary System ( HUMAN SKIN ) Bandar Almutairi ADON  Objectives for the Integumentary System layers of the skin Understand major structures and functions Understand and name the primary #1 #2 Recognize the key components and layers that compose the skin. roles of the integumentary system. Medical terminology Skin Disorders Pronounce, spell, and define essential medical terms related to the #3 #4 Recognize the common disease and skin disorders integumentary system and its disorders. #1 Largest Organ The skin is the largest organ of the body, covering more than 20 square feet on average. #2 Weight of Skin The skin weighs about 24 lb, making it a significant part of the human body. #3 Integumentary System Skin is the main part of the integumentary system, which includes hair, nails, sebaceous (oil) glands, and sudoriferous (sweat) glands. #4 Meaning of Integumentum The term 'integumentum' is Latin for 'covering' or 'shelter', highlighting the protective role of the skin. #5 Collective Term The skin, nails, and hair are collectively referred to as the integumentary system. #6 Cutaneous Relation The adjective relating specifically to the skin is 'cutaneous'. Table 4-1: Word Parts Related to the Integumentary System Extended Vocabulary of the Integumentary System Word Parts Exercise Extended Vocabulary of the Integumentary System Word Parts Exercise Integumentary Terminology PREFIX ROOT SUFFIX TERM MEANING sub- cutane/o __ __ adjective meaning “below the skin” no melan/o __ __ a pigment-producing cell prefix seb/o __ __ sebum, which may be described as an oil or fat Terminology for the Integumentary System Disorders Affecting the Integumentary System Word Parts Exercise: Breaking Down Terms EXERCISE 4-2 WORD PARTS Term Prefix Root Suffix Definition avascular _ _ _ epidermis _ _ melanocyte _ _ _ scabicide _ _ _ dermatomycosis _ Building Medical Terms from Word Parts Exercise 4-3 Word Building Skin repair terminology #1 Refers to plastic surgery repair performed on the skin. Benign tumor terminology #2 Describes a benign tumor of blood vessels. Skin inflammation terminology #3 Indicates inflammation of the skin. Subcutaneous terminology #4 Refers to something located beneath the skin.  Diagnostic Procedures and Treatments Dermatologist Physician specializing in dermatology Physician who specializes in dermatology; derived from 'dermat/o-' (skin) and '- logist' (specialty of). Word Parts Exercise: Understanding Word Meanings Word Parts Exercise: Understanding Word Meanings Word Parts Exercise: Understanding Word Meanings Skin Structures and Layers Accessory Structures: Hair and Nails Hair Follicles A hair follicle is a tube-like structure (pore) that surrounds the root and strand of a hair. Hair follicles exist in the top two layers of your skin. HairFiber Hair fibers are composed of a hard protein called keratin. Hair Color Hair color is determined by the pigment melanin, produced from special cells called melanocytes. Accessory Structures: NailsNails are composed of the protein keratin Disorders Related to the Integumentary System Because the skin is visible in its entirety, diagnosing some of its abnormalities is relatively uncomplicated. Moreover, the skin can sometimes provide clues to underlying bodily disorders, which may be signaled by changes in color, by the development of lesions (a vague term meaning a wounds or injuries), or by the appearance of other skin rashes. Disorders Related to the Integumentary System Burns A burn is an injury to the skin caused by heat from any source. The severity of a burn is classified by the depth of the layers of skin involved. The body surface area (BSA) is used to express the extent of skin damage. Classification of Burns Burn Type Skin Layers Involved 1st Degree Erythema (redness); superficial damage to epidermis; no blisters 2nd Degree Blisters; erythema 3rd Degree Charring; damage to the epidermis, dermis, hypodermis 4th Degree It reaches to muscle, and bone  Types of Skin Lesions #1 #2 #3 Flat Lesions Elevated Lesions Depressed Lesions Includes macules and Comprises various types Includes fissures and plaques. including bulla, nodule, ulcers. papule, pustule, vesicle, and wheal. Inflammatory Skin Disorders (dermatitis) Many skin disorders are characterized by inflammation, impacting overall skin health. Contact Dermatitis caused by exposure to an allergenor by direct contact with a chemical or plant. Definition of Pruritus Pruritus is the medical term for itchy skin, derived from the Latin verb 'prurio,' meaning 'to itch.' Eczema Eczema is a generic term for inflammation of the skin, representing various inflammatory conditions. Psoriasis Psoriasis is an inherited inflammatory skin condition, distinct from other disorders. Scleroderma Scleroderma is characterized by taut, thick, leather-like skin, as suggested by its etymology. Malignant Skin Cancers There are three main types of malignant skin cancers: 1. Basal cell carcinoma. 2. Squamous cell carcinoma. 3. Malignant melanoma. Definition of Malignant The term 'malignant' is derived from the Latin 'malignans', meaning malicious, indicating an invasive and destructive type of cancer. Carcinoma The suffix '-oma' means tumor, and carcinoma refers to cancer that originates from epithelial cells, making it the most prevalent type of cancer. The word carcinoma is derived from the Greek words 'karkinos' (cancer) and '-oma', reflecting its cancerous nature. Malignant Melanoma Malignant melanoma, commonly referred to as melanoma, is recognized as a serious form of skin cancer. Skin Infections The skin serves as our primary protective barrier against infections. When it is compromised, pathogens can invade. Causes Of skin Infection Skin infections can be caused by bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites, leading to a variety of conditions. Impetigo Impetigo is a skin infection caused by the bacteria Staphylococcus aureus, which can cause painful sores. Scabies Scabies is caused by an egg-laying mite, leading to intense itching and discomfort. Tinea caused by a fungus Shingles (herpes zoster) caused by a virus Other Skin and Nail Disorders Decubitus Also known as bedsores, these ulcers develop from prolonged #1 Ulcers pressure on the skin, especially in individuals who are bedridden. Acne A common skin condition that affects the sebaceous glands, #2 particularly prevalent among teens and young adults. Characterized by depigmented blotches or macules on the skin, #3 Vitiligo leading to uneven skin tone. Paronychia An infection that occurs around the nails, often leading to redness, #4 swelling, and pain.  Classifications of Topical Medications Antibiotics Scabicides #1 #5 Used to prevent bacterial infections. Used to kill scabies mites. Antifungals Oral Medications #2 Used to kill fungi. #6 An example is a steroid, such as prednisone, used to treat many inflammatory skin conditions. Antipruritics #3 Anti-inflammatory Medications Used to relieve itching. #7 Medicines that treat inflammation. Antiseptics #4 Transdermal Administration Used to kill or inhibit bacteria. #8 A method of administering medication through unbroken skin by a patch or ointment.  Surgical Options and Nail Treatments Understanding Procedures and Medications #1 #2 #3 #4 Surgical Options Nail Treatments Antipruritic Medication Antipyretic Medication Dermatoplasty, a plastic Onychectomy, the surgical Used to relieve itching and Used to reduce fever; it is surgery repair for the skin, and removal of a nail, and provides symptomatic relief important to distinguish it from incision and drainage, which onychotomy, which is an for skin irritations. antipruritics. involves cutting a wound open incision into a nail. to allow it to drain.